FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE & POLICY STUDIES

AM110

INTRODUCTION TO MALAYSIAN PUBLIC POLICY

TITLE: TOURISM POLICY

PREPARED FOR: SITI YASMIN BINTI BADRUM

PAD104: GROUP 3

PREPARED BY:

MOHAMAD NOOR FAIZUL BIN MANSUR (2022544101)

MOHD ZAINUDIN BIN NARUDIN (2022352735)
ROYZAL MIZWAR BIN DEVID (2022305437)
NUR SHARMILA BINTI ABDUL BAKA (2022153299)
 CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 TOURISM OBJECTIVES

3.0 POLICY PROBLEM

3.1 IMPACT OF CORONA VIRUS
3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
3.3 INCREASES IN PRICES IN TOURIST DESTINATIONS AND THE PRICE OF
AIRPLANES TICKET
3.4 DIGITALIZATION AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

4.0 ACTORS INVOLVED IN TOURISM POLICY

4.1 NATIONAL TOURISM ADMINISTRATION
4.2 THE NEEDS OF NATIONAL TOURISM ADMINISTRATION
4.3 THE STRUCTURE OF NATIONAL TOURISM ADMINISTRATION
4.4 LEGISLATION AND REGULATION

5.0 EVALUATION ON EFFECTIVENESS OF THE POLICY

5.1 SWOT ANALYSIS?
5.2 STRENGTH
5.3 WEAKNESS
5.4 OPPORTUNITY
5.5 THREAT

6.0 RECOMMENDATION
6.1 THE GOVERNMENT AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
6.2 THE PRIVATE SECTOR

7.0 CONCLUSION

TOURISM POLICY

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Tourism Policy refers to an overall, high-level plan that includes goals and procedures. Policies are
generally found in formal statements such as laws and official documents and statements. Tourism Policy
is generally considered to be an area of a nations overall economic policy. It is a public policy designed to
achieve specific objectives relevant to tourism established at the municipal, state or federal level. More
generally, tourism policy should reflect the overall development policy of the country or region so that
tourism is well integrated with it. Policy also evolves from the survey and analysis of present tourism
development patterns and infrastructure, tourist attractions and activities, and the tourist market.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Tourism is a relatively young phenomenon which involves the development of a singular and important
economic sector. From the very beginning, that economic dimension of tourism has been the main
priority for governments, and this has also been reflected in the tourism policy research. In fact it is very
common considering tourism policy as a part of the economic policy but tourism is much more than an
economic sector. Tourism is probably one of the most determinant influences on our societies, and it will
remain AS a key issue in the future. The aim of the present text is to contribute to the debate on the
nature, content, and instruments of tourism policy by expanding the scientific approaches to this issue
and furthering the understanding of public decisions related to tourism. The analytical perspective of
policy analysis is used to propose an operative definition of tourism policy, enumerate the constitutive
elements of this type of public action, and describe the instruments available to public decision-makers in
order to reach the intended objectives.

2.0 TOURISM OBJECTIVES

The first objective is to pursue tourism growth or remain competitive, in the case of mature destinations.
Whereas in new or emerging tourist destinations, the governments usually consider the following
objectives: 
 
1. To promote the destination trying to improve internal and external tourism demand.  

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2. To achieve international tourism growth and increase foreign currency income to support the balance
of payments. 
3. To establish public institutions, national tourism administrations in terms of WTO (1997), to stimulate
tourism growth and to do so in a sustainable manner. 
4. To increase awareness of the importance of the activity among entrepreneurships and private sector in
order to make tourism more attractive for private investment. It has also been a common practice to
attract public companies in order to have a demonstration effect. 
5. To support the right to travel and move freely as laid out in the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights. Tourism can be an instrument stated of peace since it encourages people to become closer and
means a better understanding of other cultures.

Tourism policies combine in a diverse manner five major objectives related to the nature of
the phenomenon and their different dimensions (Velasco 2004). There are differences in intensity and
degree on the government aims depending on the political system, the level of overall economic
development, and the level of tourism development of the destination.

In the case of mature destinations, the major objective should be to maintain the level of  international
competitiveness through marketing and international promotion and to modernize and reassess
programs. The second objective is related to spatial dimensions of tourism and its impacts on land
use dynamics. Here the central concept is the idea of planning, a process to achieve a better
spatial distribution of tourism activities, promoting the use of untapped resources, or improving
local participation in decision-making process related to sustainable strategies. Some common aims are: 
1. To formulate development strategies and programs. 
2. To invest in better mobility systems in the tourism areas to help manage tourism flows and build
of tourism-related infrastructure (like marinas or theme parks). 
3. To invest public budget in tourism-related resources, for instance, in order to make accessible
new coastal areas or investing in cultural and natural heritage restoration. 
4. Recently, as the tourism has own objectives related to the reinforcement of the coexistence
between tourists and locals have started to appear. In some destinations, the problems that local
communities are suffering – disrespectful behavior or noise – lie at the heart of the public debate.

Next, coordination appears to be a central need due to the transversal nature of the issue. In tourism,
policies often appear, as objectives: 
 

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 1. To establish coordination bodies to coordinate actors from different backgrounds and different
sub-sectors (culture, environment, and infrastructure)
2. To create Destination Management Organizations (DMO, in WTO terms) involving public and
private sector and other different stakeholders. 
3. To stimulate business platforms, as clusters or product clubs to pursue better competitiveness. 
4. Finally, tourism is considered a young phenomenon which is in a process of constant change.

In order to intervene on the tourist market with a strategic vision, it is necessary to have updated
information and have expertise that can be applied by various actors. The tourism sector is comprised
mostly by small and medium enterprises. Typically, these business structures cannot bear the cost of
research and produce knowledge, although they are the ones who have daily contact with the reality of the
activity. The dynamics of the phenomenon makes public decision-making difficult. Last but not least, as
tourism is also an experience or service consumed by people, there are objectives related to provide a
safe, satisfying, and fulfilling experience for visitors.

Common aims could be: 

1. To protect tourism-consumer  
2. To improve the regulation framework across different tourism sub sectors through the adoption of
regulations concerning safety levels in accommodation, travel intermediation, as well as new
products such as active tourism 
3. To promote actions to improve quality standards of tourism products and customer attention,
usually through training programs.

Therefore, one of the classic goals in tourism policy is to invest in research and production of knowledge and
ideas and to create tools that enable innovation and improvement spread. This objective is carried out
through:

1. Establishing institutes or research entities and analysis to have a more precise knowledge of the tourism
phenomenon and its changes
2. Generating knowledge that will help manage business decisions, like new management tools
3. Disseminating information to help business decision-making, like data conjuncture of sending
countries or new market niches
4. Supporting innovation process sector

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Therefore, one of the classic goals in tourism policy is to invest in research and production of knowledge
and ideas and to create tools that enable innovation and improvement spread. This objective is carried out
through: 
 
1. Establishing institutes or research entities and analysis to have a more precise knowledge of the
tourism phenomenon and its changes 
2. Generating knowledge that will help manage business decisions, like new management tools 
3. Disseminating information to help business decision-making, like data conjuncture of sending
countries or new market niches 
4. Supporting innovation process sector.

3.0 POLICY PROBLEM

Tourism is a key economic sector. It has positive impacts on economy due to the fact that it could be an
interesting surplus on the balance of payments and that it is a very labor-intensive sector (WTO 2012a, b).
The employment development related to the activity has also benefited from the continued growth of
domestic and international demand during the last 50 years. However, tourism also has some negative
economic impacts, like the increase of prices in tourist destinations, the unequal distribution of the
benefits, strong international inflows, economic inequality between population of tourist destinations
(Wall and Mathieson 2006), and the quality of employment has different problems (ILO 2010). In this
case the rationality of public policies had to be explained through the market’s failures with regard to
public assets. 

3.1 IMPACT OF CORONAVIRUS ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

Firstly, Coronavirus disease is an infectious caused by The Sars Cov 2 Virus. Most people who fall sick
with covid 19 will experience mild to the moderate system and recover without special treatment. Hotel
Business is a sector that is getting a many of loss of revenue because of the cancellations of hotel room
bookings. For example, 170,084 hotel room bookings during the period 11 January 2020 until 16 march
2020 had been canceled and a loss of revenue amounting to RM68,190,364. In Sabah, the tourism
industry which suffered the loss of RM11,550,605 in revenue. Sarawak Also get a problem in the tourism
industry which is 76 cancellations and a loss of less than RM23 Million. Players in the airline sector have
emphasized how the current travel restrictions and the worldwide decline in demand have put the loss-
making carrier in danger of going out of business. According to the wage range and position, all three of

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Malaysia's major airlines—AirAsia, Malindo Air, and Malaysia Airlines—have implemented
compensation cuts ranging from 10% to 100% and unpaid leave.
Because of Coronavirus Disease, there was a massive drop in tourists from Singapore and China as many
countries were already imposing travel restrictions to curb the spread of CoronaVirus. For example, 120
hotels were closed temporarily and permanently due to the pandemic. Other than that, Due to staff
shortages and ongoing supply chain issues, service providers frequently have to provide a reduced
service. As an illustration, many hotels are reducing amenities like daily housekeeping and room service.

3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

According to non-governmental organization (NGO) data, Pahlawan Sampah Perlis from August to
September, more than 1.4 metric tons or 1,400 kilograms of garbage was collected in several tourist
locations around the state. Of that amount, 1,000 kilograms of garbage was collected at the coast of Kuala
Perlis, Timah Tasoh (146 kilograms), Bukit Ayer (18 kilograms), Kurung Tengar, 300 kilograms and
several other tourist locations. With 10% of the world's carbon dioxide emissions attributed to the tourism
industry, it is clear that this industry has a significant impact on global warming. Several tourist
destinations in Southeast Asia experience problems as a result of both excessive tourism and inadequate
waste management.

3.3 INCREASES IN PRICES IN TOURIST DESTINATIONS AND THE PRICE OF AIRPLANES

TICKET

For example, in the case of Langkawi, players in the tourism industry raise prices and can kill Langkawi
as a tourism hub. For example, the chief executive officer of the Langkawi Development Board, Azizan
Noordin said such an attitude creates a negative perception. The soaring flight ticket prices will have an
impact on the tourism sector in Sabah even though the border has been open since April 1.
Gentingskyworld has officially opened and many people including local visitors but the tickets given are
expensive and disappointing tourists such as from Singapore. Airline ticket prices have increased by 70
percent, so people don't waste money just to go on vacation because of air ticket prices. this causes the
tourist area to not have many visitors. After That, Price rises for car rentals have been significant; as of
May 2022, they were over 70% higher than in May 2019.

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3.4 DIGITALIZATION AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The tourism industry is undergoing a digital transformation, which calls for adopting contemporary
solutions to the routine tasks of planning travel, including selecting a destination and creating an itinerary,
booking flights and other modes of transportation, hotels, and creating offers that are as specifically
tailored to the needs of customers as possible. Challenges with digital acceptance and technology
onboarding, according to Malaysia Productivity Corp DG Datuk Abdul Latif Abu Seman, are some of the
major obstacles to productivity growth and company expansion at the sectoral and firm levels. From
analyzing statistics, that show The Tourism Industry is still weak in digitalization, for example, limited
networks, low proficiency in Digital Technology, and also not afford digital devices, and lastly
difficulties with the application system. In addition to offering customers convenience, digitization also
offers businesses the chance to cut costs, broaden the scope of their information effect, and connect with
new audiences.

Players in the travel industry must continue to be receptive to technological advancements that meet
social requirements and trends and boost financial efficiency if they want to become more competitive.
Even though online channels account for more than half of all travel sales worldwide, much work needs
to be done in this area. Because there is always a chance of the next coronavirus outbreak, the use of
booking systems by vacation planners will continue to rise, lowering the risks of infection and fitting well
with the strategy of promoting social distancing.

4.0 ACTORS INVOLVED IN TOURISM POLICY

Defining tourism policy as a public policy means that it is formulated by the public sector, which
comprises “ central government and local authorities (general government), together with the nationalized
industries or public corporations. Although tourism is an activity sustained mainly by private initiative,
governments have traditionally played an essential role in its development and in the promotion of their
countries as a tourist destination through the activities of National Tourism Administrations.

4.1 NATIONAL TOURISM ADMINISTRATION

Tourism is typified by its multidisciplinary nature and, hence, by the need of inter ministerial in its
official organization. The economic importance of the tourism industry would obviously justify the
existence of a strong and structured administration, similar to that of transport, agriculture, foreign affairs.

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This structure is known as National Tourism Administration (also referred to as National Tourism Office
NTO), and can be defined as follows:
 
A central government body with administrative responsibility for tourism at the highest level or, Central
Government body with powers to intervene directly in the tourism sector. All administrative bodies of
national government with powers to intervene in the tourism sector.

4.2 THE NEEDS OF NATIONAL TOURISM ADMINISTRATION ARE:

1. Coordinate many national policies that are vital for tourism (taxation, consumer protection, social
and labour legislation, environmental policy, general education policy and so on.
2. Maintain a close link between tourism development policy and promotion abroad. 
3. Avoid the over-supply of private or public facilities (marinas, hotels, etc.) which leads to the
proliferation of competing projects and which results in lower occupancy rates and smaller
profits.
4. Provide backing for certain innovations (new tourism product policy) so as to facilitate their
distribution nationally and their placement on the market.
5. Gather statistics and monitor economic activity nationally for purposes of international
comparison and domestic comparison with other sectors and, if need be, for directing policies in
the right direction.
6. Deal with and manage tourism crises (of either human or natural origin). Represent its country in
trade and consume shows and expositions.

4.3 THE STRUCTURE OF NATIONAL TOURISM ADMINISTRATION:

1. The state tourism secretariat, which is a high-level office either on its own or within a
ministry, with representation at, and access to, the highest executive levels of the government.
For example, the Lebanese Ministry of Tourism.
2. The government agency or bureau located within a department (such as a department of
commerce or economic development), and reporting to that department. The Taiwan Tourism
Bureau, for example, is located within the Ministry of Transportation and Communication.
3. The quasi-public tourism authority or corporation, which often includes representation of
members of the private sector and receives private fund- ing and which is run more

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 independently of the government than the other types of National Tourism Administration.
The Canadian Tourism Commission is an example.

4.4 LEGISLATION AND REGULATION

Legislation, stipulating regulations and terms under which activities related to tourism take place, is a
state responsibility. Tourism legislation includes the basic tourism law. This law typically sets forth the
policy for developing tourism and establishes the functions, structure and sources of funding of the
national tourism organizations (or regional tourism office). Various specific regulations are necessary for
the protection and preservation of tourist facilities and the natural, historical, and cultural, resources of the
country. These regulations can take many forms, including:

1. Consumer protection laws and rules that require travel agencies to place their customers, advance
booking deposits in a trust account, to ensure that the money will be used for the purpose of
securing their reservations.
2. Fire safety laws that mandate the minimum number of exit and emergency lights on each floor of
a hotel, in case of fire.
3. Health and food safety regulations that require catering establishments to maintain minimum
standards of safety and sanitation.
4. Air regulations (air regulations and air services,) in general, are dependent upon the bilateral
agreement between countries that govern all aspects of air transportation between them.

In general, regulatory actions arise from a concern for tourist destinations environmental and cultural
resources. For example, certain protective regulations restrict activities on or, access to vulnerable
environmental areas. Another type of law might limit the serving of alcohol or the performance of certain
cultural displays to certain days to minimize negative effects upon local customs. However, the most
important aspect is the enforcement of regulations- The State, through public mechanisms, has the duty to
ascertain that all regulations which deal with tourism and tourist services offered to the consumer whether
he is a foreign citizen or a national of the country   are followed, and to impose the appropriate sanctions
in case of breach of the regulations in order to ensure proper protection of consumers.

Facilitation of Tourism Development:

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Where national and regional authorities offer a policy of supporting the development of tourism as an
income contributing sector of the economy, this normally entails some form of government expenditure to
help with the commercial provision of services.
This is especially important in tourism destination nations that are in a development stage. Not only may
government provide the funds required ensuring the viability of marginal projects, but overt political
support can be an element which psychologically reinforces decisions to invest.

5.0 EVALUATION ON EFFECTIVENESS OF THE POLICY

5.1 SWOT ANALYSIS?

SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis is a method for identifying and
analyzing internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats that shape current and
future operations and help develop strategic goals. SWOT analyses are not limited to companies.
Individuals can also use SWOT analysis to engage in constructive introspection and form personal
improvement goals.

5.2 STRENGTH
The strengths of tourism system refer to the points that, inside a region's tourism system, are the sign of
strength, the considerable point and the preserver of the system, such as the existence of tourism
institutes, welfare facilities, powerful banks and suitable investment in tourism economy

The tourism industry can help foster understanding between the global community. Through tourism, we
have the opportunity to interact and communicate with foreign tourists. Residents in our country can
interact and communicate with foreign tourists who come to our country to know the political, social, and
economic conditions of their country. They will also know the culture and practices that are unique
among the people in our country. For example, the practice of "open house" practiced by a few people in
our country. So, defamation related to our country can be eliminated and foreign tourists coming to our
country will also increase. It is clear that the tourism sector can help in fostering understanding between
the global communities.

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6.2 WEAKNESS
They are regarded as the deficiencies existing in tourism system of a region, which lead to the weakness
in desirable performance of the section. The components such as the lack of medical facilities, no easy
access to tourism information resources, no or insufficient good hotels can be considered in this category.

The negative impact of tourism is that the arrival of tourists can erode the virtues of the local community.
This scenario will occur because foreign tourists have different thoughts and attitudes from the local
community. Usually, foreign tourists have an open attitude. However, the local community is usually
closed and traditional minded. Through the arrival of foreign tourists, to some extent the noble attitude of
the local community is strengthened. This is so because the local community has been easily influenced
by their culture. After all, tourism can erode the noble values of the local community. Besides,
Materialistic attitudes will also grow as a result of the rapidly growing planning sector. The materialistic
attitude has been absorbed into the souls of the local population due to the existence of the tourism sector
in our country. When there is a materialistic attitude, then the deep value of helping each other among the
local population has disappeared. This is so because local residents are more likely to profit from foreign
tourists to the point of neglecting pure values. Local residents will be more concerned with profit than
establishing close relationships with foreign tourists. It is clear that the tourism industry is able to develop
a materialistic attitude among the local population.

6.3 OPPORTUNITIES
They refer to the environmental situations surrounding the system such as geographical location, tourism
attraction culture of the region, international relations, development infrastructure of the region that
provide the enough opportunity for the development of tourism or the development of its one or more
dimensions.

The tourism industry can enrich the culture of our country. Good culture and practices among tourists
who come to our country should be emulated and practiced by our people. For example, the practice of
reading among tourists who come from the West can be a good example for the local population.
Therefore, local residents will also follow in their footsteps to practice reading culture from time to time.
Not only this, tourists from the West and tourists from Japan are very concerned about healthy eating
practices. This phenomenon should be emulated by our people and make it our national culture. Foreign
tourists who care about environmental cleanliness should also be emulated. So, our people will maintain

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the cleanliness of the environment in order to encourage the arrival of foreign tourists. In short, tourism
can indeed enrich our culture. In addition, the tourism sector can also highlight the traditional culture of
our country to foreign tourists. Actually, foreign tourists are very interested in the traditional culture in
our country. So, they are willing to spend their time and money to travel to our country. In our multiracial
country, foreign tourists can enjoy various types of traditional dances such as Ngajat dance, lion dance,
Joget dance, and so on. Foreign tourists can also enjoy various types of traditional games in our country.
For example, traditional games such as Wau, Congkak, Gasing and others are very popular among foreign
tourists. It is clear that the tourism sector can highlight the traditional culture of our country to the public.

6.4 THREAT
The deficiencies and limitations outside of tourism system always cause the slow-down in the process of
tourism development. Thus, they should be detected and some solutions should be provided to overcome
them.

Crime cases will increase as a result of the arrival of foreign tourists. This is because entertainment
centers and shopping centers will be opened in large numbers to make the tourism sector successful. With
the presence of entertainment centers such as karaoke, discos and pubs will contribute to criminal cases.
So, criminal cases in our country will increase. In addition, foreign tourists are more likely to commit
criminal cases such as vandalism and fighting in entertainment centers or other places when there is a
disagreement with local residents. It is clear that criminal cases will increase as a result of the
development of the tourism sector.

7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

The Government and Private Sector

The government sector and the private sector play an important role in the development of tourist
destinations, especially tourist-friendly destinations. This is because the government sector plays a role in
determining policy and planning, setting and enforcing standards for facilities, services and so on. Ins-
keep (1991) explained the role of the government in terms of implementation, in relation to several
functions which are to organize development methods, use and implement laws and regulations closely
related to tourism, develop key infrastructure, promote public tourism attractions and further carry out
some tourism marketing for tourist area. While Gunn (1994) explained the function of the government
sector in the development of the tourism industry is to increase tourist satisfaction, increase economic and

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business success, protect existing resource assets and finally community integration. Accordingly, it was
found that the government's role functions more as planning, enforcing laws in tourism destinations apart
from infrastructure development and public tourism attractions. In fact, the government's role also
provides aspects of space (through elements of public infrastructure and superstructure, security, ensuring
costs and values are preserved, ease of access), aspects of activities (through elements of cultural and
historical attractions, special events) as well as aspects of products (physical features, services, freedom
of choice) provided for public use. Among the examples of ownership of space, activities and products by
the government sector are national parks, state parks, wildlife, recreation areas, monuments, zoos, sports
stadiums and so on (Gunn, 1994).

The Private Sector

The private sector plays an important role in the provision of space, activities and products. The role of
the private sector is more focused on development that provides profit. For example from the spatial
aspect (most of the private sector is focused on development based on superstructure elements,
appropriate location elements), the activity aspect (playing a role in development in the elements of
special events, entertainment and mixed activities) while the product aspect (playing a role in the
elements of service, hospitality, involvement). This means that in a capitalist economy, the main
responsibility of the private sector in the development of tourist destinations is more focused on
accommodation (hotels, apartments), food and beverages (restaurants, cafes), shopping and entertainment
(shopping malls, theme parks, cinemas). This means that the government sector will provide incentives
for investment that has been invested by the private sector in the development of tourism destinations. It
is also confirmed by Ins-keep (1991) who states that the government sector is sometimes used as a
pioneer in new tourism development until the private sector is given incentives to invest in the tourism
area. Among the examples of ownership of space, activities and products by the private sector are theme
parks, shopping centers, resorts, golf courses, theaters, souvenir shops, travel agencies and so on (Gunn,
1994). Thus, the formation of a tourist-friendly destination depends on close relationships between
stakeholders as players in the planning and development of the tourism industry. In a tourist-friendly
destination, the aspects of space, activities and products are emphasized so that the destination can meet
the demand while providing new experiences for tourists.

Governments should be a central actor; nevertheless, tourism policy does not necessarily have to be promoted
and implemented exclusively by public actors. Precisely the opposite, it is essential to involve private and
social actors in the process. This is an issue connected with the rich and interesting raise of the studies focused on
governance, which rightly question the role of the government nowadays.

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7.0 CONCLUSION

There is no doubt that the analysis of tourism policy could be conducted from an economic perspective.
However this is not the only perspective that should be taken into account when governments are facing
designing tourism policy; they must also consider culture, environment, and social dynamics. In this sense, it
is necessary to use a broader definition of tourism and tourism policy. It may be helpful and necessary to
consider the issue from the perspective of the dispute between interests which have different power,
ideologies, and values. Growing importance of conflicts emerges, and the tourism policy cannot stand aside.
There remains a need to advance in terms of research by addressing some of the central questions facing the
tourism policy today: how to combine a steadily growth with sustainable principles; how to achieve
cohabitation between tourist necessities and local, or which is the role of the tourism policies in a better
balance between costs and profits to local societies. Governments are drawn into tourism because of the
importance of the industry, because of its problems, and at times controversial impact. Therefore,
governments have to take into consideration many issues and principles in the formulation of tourism policy.
Effectiveness, the issue of effectiveness concerns the degree to which
A specific policy undertaken by National Tourism Administration is likely to meet the objectives of a
developing tourism sector. Among related considerations are the certainty and relative speed that the policy
will meet objectives, and its flexibility of response to changing circumstances. Not only that, analysis of the
economic efficiency of different policy options. This involves comparing the cost involved with each option
which is similarly effective in meeting policy objectives.
Consideration needs to be given to whether a specific policy provides a continuing incentive to tourism
businesses, visitors and host communities to behave in more sustainable ways. It is important to insure that a
chosen policy is socially, politically and administratively acceptable. This requires respect for cultural
differences, adopting the chosen policy by the appropriate authorities and ensuring the administrative
workability of such a policy.

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