Unit of Competency: USE HAND TOOLS

Module No.: 5 Module Title: USING HAND TOOLS

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

How to Use this Module………………………………………………........i

Introduction……………………………………………………………………ii
Technical Terms ……………………………………………………………. iii
Learning Outcome #1………………………………………………………..1
 Learning Experiences/Activities…………………………………..2
 Information Sheet 5.1-1 ……………………………………….3-13
 Self-Check 5.1-1 …………………………………………………...14
 Information Sheet 5.1-2…………………………………………...15
 Self Check 5.1-2……………………………………………………..16
Learning outcome # 2..…………………………………………………….17
 Learning Experiences/Activities.……….……………………….18
 Operation Sheet 5.2-1 …………………………………….…19-25
 Self Check 5.2-1.…………………………………………………….26
● Information Sheet 5.2-3 ……………………………………….27-29

● Self Check 5.2-3 ………………………………………………………30

Learning Outcome # 3 …………………………………………………….31

● Learning Activities ……………………………………………………32

● Information Sheet 5.3-4…………………………………………..33-36

● Self Check 5.3-4 ……………………………………………………….37

● Answer Keys ……………………………………………………………38

 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Welcome to the Module “USING HAND TOOLS”. This module

contains training materials and activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency “Using Hand Tools” contains the

knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a welding course.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities

in order to complete each of the learning outcomes of the module.
In each learning outcome there are Information Sheets, Job
Sheets, Operation Sheets and Activity Sheets. Follow these
activities on your own and answer the Self-Check at the end of
each learning activity.

If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator

for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and

skills covered in this module because you have:
 been working for some time
 already completed training in this area.

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are

competent in a particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about
having them formally recognized so you don’t have to do the same
training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of
Competency from previous trainings show it to your trainer. If the
skills you acquired are still current and relevant to this module,
they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If
you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss this
with your trainer.

After completing this module ask your trainer to assess your

competency. Result of your assessment will be recorded in your
competency profile. All the learning activities are designed for you
to complete at your own pace.

Inside this module you will find activities for you to complete
followed by relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may
have more than one learning activity.

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Version No. USING BASIC HAND TOOLS
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Program/Course SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW) NC II

Unit of Competency USE HAND TOOLS

Module USING HAND TOOLS

INTRODUCTION:

This module contains information and suggested learning activities in

using basic hand tools. It includes instructions and procedures on
how to use hand tools.

Completion of this module will help you better understand the

succeeding module on preparation of weld materials.

This module consists of three (3) learning outcomes. Each learning

outcome contains learning activities supported by instruction sheets.
Before you perform the instructions, read the information sheets and
answer the self-check and other activities provided to ascertain
yourself and your instructor that you have acquired the knowledge
necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular learning
outcome.

Upon completing this module, report to your instructor for

assessment to check your achievement of knowledge and skills
requirements. If you pass the assessment, you will be given a
certificate of completion.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the module the students should be able to:

LO1 Select and classify hand tools

LO2 Use hand tools
LO3 Maintain hand tools

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

Refer to assessment criteria of learning outcomes # 1-3 of this

module.

PREREQUISITE:
None

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 TECHNICAL TERMS

 Air Vacuum is an equipment used for drying and cleaning

someone automotive part after washing.

 Cutting tools are hand tools for dividing one piece of metal into
two or more elements through sawing, filing, or scraping.

 Defective hand tools are hand tools that cannot correctly perform
their intended use. Such tools can affect both quality and
productivity of the services and products.

 Driving tools are hand tools for penetrating screws or nails in a

body either by hammering or by rotating screws.

 5 S is the systematic approach to organize work areas, keep rules

and standards, and maintain discipline to perform job well.

 Holding tools are hand tools used to keep materials in place while
performing work.

 Lubricant is anything that looks greasy and applied to prevent

friction of any moving parts.

 Measuring tools are hand tools for quantifying length, distance,

height, diameter, etc.

 Stock is a metal used as a working piece in performing any

operation.

 Storage of hand tools is one way of keeping tools in order

and having a well organized labeling.

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 Qualification

Learning Outcome # LO1:

SHIELDED
METAL ARC
WELDING
(SMAW) NC II
Unit of USE HAND TOOLS
Competency
Module USING HAND TOOLS

Select hand tools

Assessment Criteria:

1. Hand tools were selected and

classified according to the job
requirements.
2. Unserviceable or defective tools are
identified and marked for repair
according to procedure.

References:

Welding Technology
Second Edition
Gower A. Kennedy

Welding Principles and Application

Larry Jeffers and Harold V. Johnson

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LEARNING
EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome #1: Select Hand Tools

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1) Read the attached information sheet  Answer the Self-check without

no.01 Select Hand Tools looking at the information sheet
2) Answer self-check No.01  Answer the
3) Compare your answer to key no.01 Self-check
4) If you fail to meet the 80% equivalent within the
passing standard, go over again to the least
information sheet no.01 possible
time
allotments
signment
sheet will
be issued
as an
advanced
requiremen
t prior to
leaning the
next
informatio
n sheet

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 no.02

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 INFORMATION SHEET 5.1-1

Select and Classify Hand tools

Introduction:

Selection from the available hand tools in the welding shop and in the
work sites are essential requirements for students, to acquire an
adequate knowledge and skills in selecting appropriate hand tools.

A list of common hand tools and their uses is thereby provided with
picture illustration for better comprehension on the part of the students.

Hand tools are classified into four:

(1) cutting tools
(2) driving tools,
(3) holding tools
(4) measuring tools

Each classification has different types and uses.

1. CUTTING TOOLS
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 Hacksaw is a tooth cutting tool usually with a solid frame, handle
blade and tightening screw and nuts. The tool is mainly use in
cutting metals like plates, pipes, rods, bars, angulars, etc. but of
minimal thickness, width and length. Sometimes this tool is used for
cutting plastic pipes and other materials that suit to its purpose.
o Frame. It is the main body of the hacksaw which holds the blade.
The different types of frames are the following:

a. Fixed or solid frame. It is intended to hold only one size of

blade

b. Adjustable frame. Its frame can be adjusted to hold blades of

different lengths.

o Blade. It is made of thin, high grade steel usually 1.27cm thick

and 30.48cm long with an inclined row of teeth serving as cutter.

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 The two types of blades are:
a. All hard. This type, the entire blade is hardened and
tempered, making it very brittle. Use this type in cutting
steel and cast iron. This type costs around P14.00 to P20.00
in the market.
b. Flexible back. In this type, only the teeth portion is hardened
and tempered, making the blade springy and less likely to
break.
The following are the recommended teeth-per-inch of blades for
different kinds of stocks to be cut:
a. 14 teeth-per-inch. It is used for brass, aluminum, cast iron
and soft iron.
b. 18 teeth-per-inch. It is used for drill rod, mild steel, tool
steel and general work
c. 24 teeth-per-inch. It is recommended for thin tubing and
pipe
o Handle. It is the part of the hacksaw which is gripped when
pushing and pulling during the cutting operation.
o Tightening nut and screw. It is used to adjust the tension of the
blade.
 Files are made of high grade steel hardened and tempered. It has
rows of teeth that form, shape and finish metal by removing small
chips and smoothing rough edges of the metal surface. They differ in
length, shape, cut and coarseness.

Kinds and uses of files:

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 1. Mill File. It is a single-cut file used for drawing and finishing
brass and bronze.

2. Flat File. It is rectangular in shape and tapered slightly in width

and thickness. It is one of the most commonly used files for
general work.

3. Square File. It is intended for filing square or rectangular holes.

4. Round File. It is used primarily for enlarging holes. It as also

known as rattail file.

5. Half-round File. It is used for filing curved or concave surfaces.

6. Triangular File. It is used for filing surfaces that meet at least

90º. It is exclusively used for sharpening wood saws and for
smoothening rectangular opening. It is also known as three-
square file.

 Cold Chisel is used for cutting and chipping cold metals.

Types of cold chisel and their particular functions.

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 1. Flat Chisel. It is used for chipping flat surfaces; cutting off
rivets or metal fasteners, thin sheets, and small bars; and for
general purposes. Its cutting edge ranges from 13 to 25mm.

2. Cape Chisel. It has a narrow edge suited for cutting narrow

grooves or slots.

3. Diamond-point Chise. It has a diamond-shaped cutting edge

intended to cut V-grooves.

4. Round-nose Chisel. It has a round nose cutting edge for cutting

round and semi-circular grooves.

 Scraper is used in removing points, burrs and sharp edges from

metal surface and similar parts. This tool is made of hardened steel
of various shapes that fit according to each purpose. These are
bearing scrapes, flat, sharper, three-connected scraper.
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 1. For the removal of the high spots on metal surface.

2. For scraping the surface of cylindrical bearing when fitting

shafts into.

3. For the removal of burrs a sharp internal edges from soft

brushing and similar parts
 Punches are used for permanent marking on surface of metal.

2. DRIVING TOOLS

 Hammers

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 1. Ballpeen hammer. It is used for straightening bending and
deforming metals. It has two faces. One is flat in striking cold
chisels and punches. The other side the “peen” is rounded for
bending and sharpening metals.
Ballpeen hammer generally has a wood or fiberglass handle from
10-16 inches long. Head weight range from 2-48 oz. A 20oz
hammer is good for general purpose.

2. Chipping hammer. It is used for removing slag on weld and with

two faces, the tapered from one side and round pointed on the
other side.

 Wrench is used for loosening and tightening light and heavy nuts and
bolts. There are kinds and sizes of wrenches designed according to
uses and function. A tool steel of on movable jaws.

1. Adjustable open-end wrench has a movable jaw which makes it adjustable to various sizes of
nuts. Heavy type of adjustable wrench is a monkey wrench.

Single-ended Double-ended

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 2. An open-ended wrench is one that is made to fit one size of nut
or bolt. This is the most inexpensive type of wrench of wrench
that quite efficient in ordering situations.

Single-ended Double-ended

3. A closed-end wrench is similar to a single ended wrench, but

as it entirely encloses a nut there a little danger of the wrench
slipping off the nut or the jaws spreading apart.
 Screw Driver - Is a hand tool that is designed to turn screws. The
blade is made of steel, attached to one end of which a wooden or
plastic handle. The other end is flattened to fit slots in the heads
of screws on bolts. The other kinds of screw drivers are called a
Phillips screw driver and helical-ratchet screw driver.

Phillips Flattened Helical-ratchet

3. HOLDING TOOLS
 Clamps are made of different sizes and appearance that fitted to its
purpose. These devices have been designed to hold work securely
which performing skills through grinding, bending, fitting and cutting
of metals. Some types of clamps and metal vises.

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 1. Tool maker clamp for holding small parts both at the bench and
at machine. This tool is also known a parallel clamp.

2. C-Clamp is in all-purpose that is generally used to all kinds of

work.

3. Drill vise is a sturdy steel vise with movable jaw that easily back
or forth by raising the handle.

4. Machinist vise a work holding tool for machining activity.

5. Hand vise V block with clamp is used to hold metal stocks for
small machining operation.
4. MEASURING TOOLS

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 Steel tape rule/steel tape. Is flexible rule that when extended will
support itself, but may also be used to measure curved in irregular
surfaces. Steel tape rule blade is usually ½ inch wide and 72 inches
long. The graduation is sixteenths except for the first 6 inches which
are graduated is thirty-seconds of an inch.

 Steel tape. Is similar to a steel tape rule but differs in that it is

entirely flexible number of feet is marked on the tape. The tape is 3/8
inch wide and available lengths from 25 to 100 feet.

 Steel rule. The most common tool used in tool room. It is made of
tampered steel about 1/8 inch thick and ¾ inch wide and 6 inches
long, same style maybe obtained in length from 1 to 48 inches.

 Shrink rule. Is a tampered steel rule similar in size and appearance

to standard rule. It differs from other rules in that inches are slightly
longer than regular inches. It is used by the pattern makers.

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 SELF-CHECK 5.1-1

LO1.

Directions:

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 Read the instruction carefully. Match A with column B. Write the letter of
the correct answer on the blanks provided before the number.
A B
1. Phillips screw
2. Box driver wrench A.
3. Scraper K.
4. Square file B.
5. C-clamp L.
6. Steel tape
7. Cold Chisel C.
8. Machinist vise M.
9. Ballpeen Hammer
10. Hand vise D.
11. Open ended
wrench E.
12. Hack saw
13. Steel rule
14. Helical-ratchet N.
screw driver
F. O.
15. Chipping
hammer
G.

P.
H.

J.

I.

INFORMATION SHEET 5.1-2

Defective and Non-Defective Hand tools

Introduction:

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There are many ways in identifying hand tools. One of these is to identify
them according to their uses and function. Moreover, awareness of
defective and non-defective hand tools is a primordial concern of
workers/welders.

Below are the recommended practices to identify defective and non-

defective hand tools.

1. Through visual inspection:

Defective tools can easily be distinguished from the functional ones
through visual inspection. The physical appearance of tools will describe
such characteristics like dullness, sharpness, dismantled parts, and
unevenness of the teeth of the cutting tools.

2. Functionality:
Another way is to check the quality of the manufactured tools. Is it
already susceptible to wear and tear? Has it already exceeded its service
life? Is it made with quality and has passed the manufacturer’s quality
control test?

Some hand tools issued for years in shops and few pieces of these can be
subjected for condemnation.

3. Performance:
Performance of hand tools is determined after the actual use has been
tested and evaluated, and the outcomes will be the basis if the hand
tools are still worth for work.

4. Service span
Hand tools are issued to shop teacher at one time. However, this must be
recorded to determine when it was received and how long the tools were
kept in the shop. A hand tool which is too old is unsafe for both the
students and workers. These should be marked defective and segregated
from the good ones.

SELF-CHECK 5.1-2

LO1.

Directions:

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Choose the letter of the correct answer. Use separate answer sheet.

1. Defective hand tools are kept and

a) Marked as defective.
b) Mixed together with non-defective tools.
c) Put anywhere in the shop.
d) Placed in the shop unlabeled.

2. Way/s of checking hand tools as either defective or non-defective:

a) Length of service
b) Trade mark of the manufacturer
c) Physical appearance
d) All of the above

3. _________ of hand tools is determined after the operation is tested

through:

a) Service span
b) Performance
c) Physical appearance
d) Repair Maintenance

4. All defective hand tools are subjected for:

a) Repair
b) Condemnation
c) Display/sample
d) All of the above

5. Service span pertains to:

a) Maintenance Schedule
b) Determine when the tool is acquired
c) Hand tools considered functional
d) All of the above

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Program/Course: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC II
Unit of Competency: Use hand tools
Module: Using Hand Tools
Learning Outcome # 2: Use of Hand Tools

Assessment Criteria:

1. Hand tools are selected and classified to produce desired outcomes

for the job specifications.
2. Tasks performed in accordance with workplace procedure.

References:

Manufacturing Production and Maintenance Department.

By Williams

Welding Technology 2nd Ed.

By Gower A. Kennedy

Welding Principles and Application

By Larry Jeffus and Harold Johnson

Learning Experiences/Activities:
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Learning Outcome # 2 Use hand tools

Learning Activities Special Instructions:

Read the attached Operation Answer the Self-check without

Sheet 5.2-2 and Information referring to the operation sheet.
sheet 5.2-3
Answer Self-check 5.2-2 and 5.2- Answer the Self-check in the least
3 possible time allotted.

Compare your answer with Assignment sheet will be issued as

Answer Key 5.2-2 and 5.2-3 an advance requirement prior to
learning the next operation sheet
If you failed to meet the 80% of
equivalent passing standard, go
over again the operation sheet
5.2-2 and information sheet 5.2-
3

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 Operation Sheet 5.2-2

LO2: USE OF HAND TOOLS

Introduction:
Using hand tools properly and correctly to comply with the basic
requirements is the sole responsibility of the person in the workplace.
The combined knowledge and manipulative skills in performing varied
tasks like assembling, dismantling and other practical operations in
using hand tools.
Below are illustrations of basic hand tools that include skills in
performing tasks.
 Hacksaw
Steps in Mounting Blade to the Metal Frame

1. Select the correct type of blade.

2. Attach the blade to the frame by pointing the teeth away from the
handle.
3. Tighten the wing nut of the handle until the blade is out.

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Safety Measures:
Tighten the wing nut securely enough to prevent from buckling and
breaking.

Steps in Fixing Stock in Metal Vise and Operation Position

1. Fasten the stock in vise with lay-out line as close as possible to the
end of the used vise jaws.
2. Stand with your feet 25 to 30 centimeters apart and one foot
forward.
3. Lean the body a little forward as shown in the drawing.

Steps in Sawing the Stock

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 1. Start the saw by guiding the blade with the thumb of your left
hand while taking one or two light strokes with your right-hand
(right-handed).
2. Move the saw with steady and even motion of about 40 to 60
strokes per minute.
3. Apply pressure during the forward stroke and release during the
return strokes.
4. Hold the stock with your left hand to avoid cuts and as your saw
with right hand.

Steps in Bending 90o with Ball Peen Hammer

1. Force the metal over the vise jaws using left-hand.

2. Strike it several times near the hand with flat head of a hammer.

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Steps in Squaring off a 90 o Bend (cont..)

3. Place the metal in the bench vise and tighten strongly.

4. Strike the metal with a flat head of a hammer in the direction of
the arrow indicated.
Thick Metal

1. Place the metal over a pipe or round bar and clamp in a bench
vise.
2. Strike the metal with a glancing blow using the flat head of a
hammer until the desired curve is obtained.

 Cold Chisel is used for cutting and chipping cold metals.

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The illustration above presents the Two Hands Positioning in cold
chiseling which shows the proper grip in using the tool. For heavy work,
hand gripping of tool should be strong and tight; for fine and small work,
hold the tool lightly.

Observe the manner the person works with the ball peen hammer and
the chisel as shown in the illustration above. A cold chisel will cut
metals only if you strike it with the flat head of a ball peen hammer. The
complete safety protection device and the body position when performing
the task (chiseling) are evidently done.

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 Wrench is used for loosening and tightening light and heavy nuts and
bolts. There are various kinds and sizes of wrenches designed
according to uses and function. A tool steel on movable jaws.

A repair worker often uses tools to remove and replace damaged parts.
The wrenches are used to tighten and loosen the nut bolts that hold the
parts in place. Other tools are used to hold parts for cutting, welding and
other works.

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Wash type of wrench is usually used for only one or two different jobs.
Figure above shows a repair worker using a box of wrench and an open-
end wrench to remove a deck lid bolt in an automobile. The ends of the
wrench are offset (the hand is lower than the handle). In this way, the
worker’s hand is above the surface of any object as the nut of bolt is
turned.

A combination wrench of open-end and a box-end will tell the advantage

of box-end over open lid. Box-end wrench has complete contact with six
points on the bolt head. This completely surrounds the grips of the bolt
head or nut allowing less chances of wrench slippage.
 Screw Drivers

Screw drivers are usually made in different sets. This tool is used to
tighten and loosen screws by pushing or pulling screws in a rotating
manner. In the above illustration, a set of standard and Phillips tips of
different sizes are shown.
Screw driver is driven by fully turning the blade clockwise motion until
the entire screw removed to the wood and metal. The purpose is to hold
or fix two pieces and by no chances to space apart even opposing force
occurs.
SELF-CHECK 5.2-2
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 (Demonstration)

Direction:
Use the checklist below as basis for judging whether you meet the
required competency. Write yes or no on separate answer sheet.
Yes No
1. Can select correct type of blade of a hacksaw.
2. Can move the body a little forward while sawing
the metal.
3. Can apply pressure during forward stroke and
release in return while sawing.
4. Can strike the metal with flat head of a hammer.
5. Can use wrench in loosening and tightening nuts
and bolts.
6. Can use types of screw drivers correctly.
7. Can perform actual operations of hand tools by
following safety practices.
8. Can hold cold chisel properly while hammering
with a hammer.
9. Can follow steps in rounding stock with the use of
a hammer.
10. Can assemble and disassemble properly some
movable hand tools.

Over all: Did the student meet the standard

requirements?

Information Sheet 5.3-4

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 5S

What is 5S?

 It is a systematized approach to organize work areas, keep rules and

standards, and maintain discipline to do good job.

 The practice of 5S develops positive attitude among workers and

cultivates an environment of efficiency, effectiveness and economy.

 It utilizes workplace organization and work simplification techniques

to make work easier, faster, cheaper, safer and more effective.

Japanese English
Seiri Sort
Seiton Systematize
Seiso Sweep
Seiketsu Standardize
Shiketsu Self-Discipline

 SEIRI (Sort)
Sort out unnecessary items and dispose them properly.
 Make work easier by eliminating obstacles.
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  Provide no chance being disturbed by unnecessary items.
 Eliminate the need to take care of the unnecessary items.
 Prevents accumulation of unnecessary items.

 SEITON (Systematize)
Arrange necessary items in good order so that they can easily pick for
use.
 Classify necessary items into frequency of handling.
 Locate jigs and tools that are used very often near to the point
of use.
 Locate the material at the defined position to ensure “First-in,
First-out”, as well as to make the work easy.
 Store and dies molds together with the specific tools necessary
for this set-up.
 Clearly label machinery, equipment parts, jigs, tools and their
locations so that everything is understandable and visible to
everyone at a glance.

 SEISO (Sweep)
Clean your workplace completely so that there are no dust on the
floor, machinery and equipment.
 To make the workplace clean, safe and comfortable.
 To make it easy to produce quality products.

 To check whether the machinery and equipment are in good

condition or not.
 Assign responsible persons to each machine, equipment and
area.
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 SEIKETSU (Standardize)
Maintain high standard of workplace organization and housekeeping
at all times.
 To prevent the deterioration of Seiri, Seiton, and Seiso activities.
 To minimize causes that will make the workplace dirty and
uncomfortable.
 To protect workers from dangerous conditions.
 To make the workers happy and vivid giving them a chance to
present their talent and creativity.

 SHITKUSE (Self-discipline)
Do things spontaneously without being told or ordered.
 Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Shitsuke, these 4S’s are techniques and
actions to make the workplace well-organized.
 Shitsuke is a condition in which all members practice these
4S’s continuously, spontaneously and willingly.
 Shitsuke is the creation of strong cooperation culture filled with
spirit of high productivity through implementation of these 4S’s,
as well as motivation, education and training for all the
members.
 Management should give good examples.

Self-Check 5.3-4

Direction:

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Read the instruction carefully. Match column A with column B. Write
letters of the correct answer on the blanks provided before the number.
Use separate answer sheet.

Column A Column B
_____1. standardize A. Clean your workplace
completely so that there is
no dust on the floor,
machinery and equipment.
_____2. sort B. Do things spontaneously
without being told or
ordered.
_____3.self-discipline C. Sort out unnecessary
items and dispose them
properly.
_____4. systematize D. Maintain high standard
of workplace organization
and house keeping at all
times.
_____5. sweep E. Arrange necessary items
in good order so that they
can easily pick for use.

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Program/Course: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NCI
Unit of Competency: Use of Hand Tools
Module: Using Basic Hand Tools
LO3: Maintain Hand Tools

Assessment Criteria:
1. Routine maintenance of hand tools is undertaken according to
standard operating procedures
2. Hand tools are stored in designated location in accordance with
manufacturers’ standard procedure.

References:

Manufacturing production and Maintenance Departments

By Williams (Quality Tools for Industry Service 1882)

Welding Technology, 2nd Ed.

Harold Johnson

Welding Principles and Application

Larry Jeffus, Harold Johnson

Learning Experiences/Activities
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Learning Outcome # 3 Maintain Hand Tools

Learning Activities Special Instructions:

Read the attach Operation Sheet Answer the Self-check without

5.3-2 Maintain Hand Tools. referring to the operation sheet.

Answer Shelf check 5.3-2 Answer the Self-check in the least

possible time allotted.

Compare your answer with Assignment sheet will be issued as

answer key 5.3-2 an Advance requirements prior to
learning the next operation sheet
5.3-2
If you failed to meet the 80% of
equivalent passing standard, go
over again the operation sheet
5.3-2

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 Information Sheet 5.3-5

LO3 Maintain hand tools

Introduction:

Hand tools are very important for the welder in welding shops or in
welding productions. The presence of machines and equipments are
equally important with hand tools. The necessity of doing the tasks such
as assembling, dismantling and other related works call for high demand
of our hand tools. Some welders do not follow correct practices of
handling tools. In some cases, they try to force the tool to perform a job
which is not appropriate to its intended use.

A routine maintenance proper storage and occupational health and

safety standard are the controlling device to follow and practice to assure
warranty and safety in all job undertakings.

 ROUTINE MAINTENANCE
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Maintenance of hand tools and machines are both primordial concerns of
a repair technician in the welding shops and/or in the welding
production. The activities should be on schedule and with proper
coordination with the production people. The term “repair” and
“maintenance” works are two of different meanings. Repair, unusually
focuses on the program of works done in the operation of power plants in
machines that are in trouble of stopping its function. While the term
“Maintenance” means a scheduled or a planned visit of tools or
equipments for inspection and from there, reports and recommendation
developed and next tasks to be decided like in performing such cleaning,
application of lubricants, dismantling and etc.

Some of the simple maintenance activities for hand tools, and the
maintenance schedule should be posted in the readable corner of the
shop.

 Lubricating. A task performed in the shop/production. Through

the application of the lubricant substance to the identified items in

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 parts like barrels, rollers, springs, bearing, bolts and nuts, and
other automotive parts.

 Tightening/Loosening. In an assembly of structures, we have

tools fittings need to tight and loosen and in application to the
metal structures that demand a high risk in safety. Tightening
bolts and nuts and other fittings require procedures and for
standard compliance.

 Hand Sharpening. Some tools are needed to be sharpened. Those

blades of knife, anvil of cold chisel, punches and many others. To
do hand sharpening for hand tools requires techniques and
application. In some multi knives cutter, manufacturers produce
knife sharpening system to hold or clamp the blade for ensuring
strong blade to stone contact during sharpening and also provided
with course to fine honing stones. For cold chisel and punches, the
right file-size and grades used for repairing the defective anvil
curve.

 Simple Repair. Repair practices of hand tools still available

anytime. But, to some extent, tools are checked yearly and many
of the hand tools are eligible for condemnation and the whole items
are to be replaced by a new unit. However, there are instances
that minor repair can be performed, like replacement of wooden
handle of a hammer and mushroomed head of a cold chisel.
 Cleaning. Simple process applied to hand tools. The cleaning
approach may differ from one another. For example, cleaning of
the rack corners of hand tools by using air vacuum or by a piece of

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 clothe. Similar process may be applied to identical cleaning
situations.

By piece of clothe By Air vacuum

 PROPER STORAGE OF HAND TOOLS/EQUIPMENT

(5S Implementation)

 Clearly label machinery, equipment, part, jigs, tools, and their

locations, so that everything is understandable, and visible to
everyone at a glance.
 Don’t pile up jigs, tools, and materials without separators
(shelves). They should be picked up easily.
 Rearrange machinery and equipment to make smooth
production flow, when necessary.
 Maintain the space around the fire extinguishers and
evacuation passages free.

Self Check 5.3-5

LO3: Maintain hand tools

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Directions:
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Use separate answer sheet.
1. A maintenance process of moving assembled parts and hand tools
through the use of oil and greases.
a. Simple Repair
b. Lubricating
c. Hand Sharpening
d. Tightening

2. What is considered a minor repair?

a. The task not too long to perform
b. Whole item to be replaced
c. Motor over hauling
d. None of the above

3. Proper storage of hand tools is like simply saying that:

a. Hand tools are placed together in one place.
b. In the tool cabinet with proper labeling
c. In any place in the tool room
d. All of the above.

4. “Urgent repair” a term similar to:

a. Maintenance schedule
b. Maintenance Inspection
c. An ordinary routine
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 d. An immediate repair

5. Don’t pile up jigs, tools and materials without:

a. Label
b. Separator
c. Identification
d. Stamping

ANSWER KEYS

Self Check 5.1-1

1. F 8. H 15. J
2. N 9. D
3. G 10. M
4. L 11. I
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 5. C 12. E
6. O 13. B
7. K 14. A

Self Check 5.1-2

1. a
2. c
3. b
4. b
5. c

Self Check 5.2-2 (Y/N Operation)

1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

Self Check 5.3-4

1. d
2. c
3. b
4. e
5. a

Self Check 5.3-5

1. b
2. a
3. b
4. d
5. b

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