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1.3 TCP IP Protocol Stack

The document describes the layers of the TCP/IP model and some of the main protocols within each layer. The application layer contains several common protocols like HTTP, SMTP, FTP, and DNS. The transport layer contains TCP and UDP. The networking layer contains IP, ICMP, and IGMP. The data link layer contains Ethernet and ARP, and the physical layer contains the network interface.

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Mohd Shifan
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84 views

1.3 TCP IP Protocol Stack

The document describes the layers of the TCP/IP model and some of the main protocols within each layer. The application layer contains several common protocols like HTTP, SMTP, FTP, and DNS. The transport layer contains TCP and UDP. The networking layer contains IP, ICMP, and IGMP. The data link layer contains Ethernet and ARP, and the physical layer contains the network interface.

Uploaded by

Mohd Shifan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Application Layer HTTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP, FTP, DNS, SNMP,

DHCP

Transport Layer TCP, UDP

Networking Layer IP, ICMP, IGMP

Data Link Layer Ethernet, ARP


Physical Layer
Network
Interface

Ref: http://www.steves-internet-guide.com/internet-protocol-suite-explained/
Source: https://www.w3.org/People/Frystyk/thesis/TcpIp.html
 IP transport datagram packets (Packet switching
using Datagram approach)
 It transport datagram from source to destination
 Define IP packets and how to route network
packets to destination address
 IPv4 – 32 bit address & IPv6 – 128 bit address
 Unreliable connectionless service
 Packets may loss
 Out of Order
 Duplicate Packets
 No error control 32 Bit (IPv4)

Version Source IP Destination


Protocol
TTL Address IP Address
 TCP provides reliable connection oriented
services (Ensure reliability)
 Split the messages into segments
 Reassemble packets at destination
(segmentations)
 Error Control (error checking, recovery etc.)
 3 way handshake (Virtual Connection)
 Interface with IP
◦ Each packet is forwarded to IP delivery
20 Bytes Min

Source Destination Seq. No., Ack. No.,


Port Port Flags etc.
 Concerned about fast delivery, not about
reliability
 Minimize Overhead
 Connectionless, unreliable service for sending
datagram
 Message is small enough to fit into a packet
 Stateless Protocol
 Simpler and faster than TCP
 Never split data into multiple packets
 Does not care about error control
 Minimize Overhead
 Interface with IP
 Message is small enough to fit into a packet
◦ Each UDP packet sent to IP for delivery
 If a packet loss, we can not send a request for
re-transmission

8 Bytes

Source Destination
Checksum Length
Port Port
http://www.steves-internet-guide.com/tcpip-ports-sockets/
https://www.ques10.com/p/8724/explain-ipv4-header-format-in-
detail-if-value-at-h/
https://www.lifewire.com/tcp-headers-and-udp-headers-explained-
817970
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Communication_Networks/TCP_and_UDP_Proto
cols
TCP UDP
Transmission Control Protocol User Datagram Protocol
TCP is a connection-oriented UDP is a connectionless protocol
protocol
TCP is suited for applications that UDP is suitable for applications
require high reliability, and that need fast, efficient
transmission time is relatively transmission, such as games.
less critical UDP's stateless nature is also
useful for servers that answer
small queries from huge numbers
of clients
Protocols :HTTP, HTTPs, FTP, SMTP, Protocols :DNS, DHCP, TFTP, SNMP,
Telnet VOIP
TCP rearranges data packets in UDP has no inherent order as all
the order specified packets are independent of each
other.
TCP UDP
The speed for TCP is slower than UDP is faster because error
UDP recovery is not attempted. It is a
"best effort" protocol
There is absolute guarantee that There is no guarantee that the
the data transferred remains messages or packets sent would
intact and arrives in the same reach at all
order in which it was sent
TCP header size is 20 bytes UDP Header size is 8 bytes
TCP is heavy-weight. TCP UDP is lightweight. There is no
requires three packets to set up a ordering of messages, no
socket connection, before any tracking connections, etc. It is a
user data can be sent. TCP small transport layer designed on
handles reliability and congestion top of IP
control

https://www.diffen.com/difference/TCP_vs_UDP
TCP UDP
TCP does error checking and UDP does error checking but
error recovery. Erroneous simply discards erroneous
packets are retransmitted from packets. Error recovery is not
the source to the destination. attempted.

Acknowledgement segments No Acknowledgment

In case more TCP requests arrive at In case more UDP requests arrive at
server at the same time, a separate server at the same time, it
virtual connection is established at completes serving one UDP request
same time. Server can process many at a time, other request remain in
request at the same time. queue

https://www.diffen.com/difference/TCP_vs_UDP

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