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Physics Investigatory Project Class 12

The presentation introduced the theory that graphite in pencil lead, an allotrope of carbon, can conduct electricity through its free electrons, though it is fragile. It explained that graphite has higher resistivity than metals but can light a bulb by radiating light through current in the same way as the sun. The presentation then demonstrated this experiment by connecting pencil lead to a battery and light bulb with wires, successfully passing current through the graphite to light the bulb. It concluded the experiment helps students understand electricity conduction in non-metals like graphite.

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Tushar Chopra
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804 views

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12

The presentation introduced the theory that graphite in pencil lead, an allotrope of carbon, can conduct electricity through its free electrons, though it is fragile. It explained that graphite has higher resistivity than metals but can light a bulb by radiating light through current in the same way as the sun. The presentation then demonstrated this experiment by connecting pencil lead to a battery and light bulb with wires, successfully passing current through the graphite to light the bulb. It concluded the experiment helps students understand electricity conduction in non-metals like graphite.

Uploaded by

Tushar Chopra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Darshan Academy

Physics Presentation
Passing of Electric current through pencil lead

Dayita Arora | XII-A


Innovation is taking two things
that exist and putting them

together in a new way


Introduction
In this topic, we are going to show you
how to build a pencil lead electricity
experiments
Theory
Pencil lead is made of grafite which is an allotrope of carbon it is good conductor
of heat and can be used to transfer electricity as it has free electrons but it is
very fragile and breaks due to very little touch even.

Graphite has a high resistivity compared to most metals. When electricity is sent
through the graphite, it radiates light in much the same way as the sun.
Obviously the means of exciting the molecules responsible for the light is quite
different between an electric bulb and the nuclear reaction of the sun, but they
still produce similar results.

R
Now we and do the same using the simplest tools like pencil, wires, and battery.
These help to convert a temperature difference into electricity through a
thermoelectric effect.
Thomas J Seeback discovered thermoelectric effect which was almost 200 years.
Electric voltage is developed using two metals of different temperatures.
This effect allows heat to be converted partially into electrical energy.
All technological and natural processes produce heat which is used in power plants
and other household appliances.
It is an underutilized source energy source in the world. This effect is small in
ordinary metals.
Metals have both high electrical conductivity as well as high thermal conductivity
hence difference in temperature disappears immediately. Inorganic semiconductor
materials like bismuth telluride are used in the technological application and are
quite expensive.
Norbert Nickel professor has shown that this effect is obtained using HB grade
pencil.
Ingredients
Ingredients of pencil lead are

Pencils

lead

wires

battery
Procedure
Take a pencil lead with bulb and some wires
connect wires to lead from one side and
from other side connect them to bulb. Now
use battery at side with pencil lead and
connect properly.
observation
WE ARE ABLE TO PASS ELECTRIC CURRENT THROUGH
GRAPHITE LEAD AND TURN THE BULB ON BY LEAD AND
WIRES.
Conclusion
Pencil electricity experiments help to understand the flow of

electricity in a non-metallic element like graphite which is

made up of graphite that exists in crystalline form. This

experiment helps the students to learn the concepts of

conductor, insulator.
THANK YOU
Presentation BY

Dayita Arora
XII-A
Darshan Academy

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