Dr.

Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere

Seminar report
on
“Recent Trends in Solar Energy Technology”

Submitted by

Kokate Narayan Shesherao

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of B.

Tech. in Mechanical Engineering
Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies,
Aurangabad.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Year 2022-2023

1
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar report entitled

“Recent Trends in Solar Energy Technology”

Submitted by

Kokate Narayan Shesherao

[Roll No. 41356]

Has completed as per the requirements of

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere

In partial fulfillment of

Degree of B. Tech. in Mechanical Engineering

For the academic Year 2022-2023

Prof.J.B.Shaikh Dr. U.S.Patl

Seminar Guide Seminar Coordinator

Prof R.H.Shinde Dr. Ulhas D. Shiurkar

Head of Department Director

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This seminar work has been carried out to meet the academic requirements
of Dr. BATU University, Lonere for the completion of B. Tech. Engineering. I
would like to put on record, my appreciation and gratitude to all who have rendered
their support and input. Without them, it would not have been possible for me to
shape this study.
I have received immense guidance from my guide Prof.J.B.Shaikh,
seminar Co-ordinator, Dr.U.S.Patil and Prof. R. H. Shinde, Head of the
Mechanical Engineering Department. I would therefore like to convey my sincere
gratitude to them. I would like to thank, Dr. Ulhas D. Shiurkar, Director of
Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Aurangabad, for his
unending encouragement. All the more, I would also like to thank to him for trust
and confidence in me.
Finally, I would like to thank to my parents for love, encouragement and
support from their hearts. I dedicate all my success to each one of them.

Kokate Narayan Shesherao

[Roll no. 41356]

3
 INDEX

Sr.No Title Page no.

1 Introduction 6

2 Literature Review 7

3 Core technical content 9

4 Case study 11

5 Conclusion 16

6 References 16

4
 FIGURE INDEX

Sr.No Title Page no.

1 Working of solar cell 9

2 Agrovoltaics system 11

3 Solar tree 12

4 Solar PV Installation In Airport 15

Table Index

Sr.No Title Page no.

1 Energy Consumption Capacity 13
2 World consumption of energy 14

5
1. Introduction
Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources that are naturally
replenished on a human timescale. It includes sources such as sunlight, wind, the movement of
water, and geothermal heat.[2] Although most renewable energy sources are sustainable, some
are not. For example, some biomass sources are considered unsustainable at current rates of
exploitation.[3][4] Renewable energy often provides energy for electricity generation to a grid,
air and water heating/cooling, and stand-alone power systems. Renewable energy technology
projects are typically large-scale, but they are also suited to rural and remote areas and
developing countries, where energy is often crucial in human development.[5][6] Renewable
energy is often deployed together with further electrification, which has several benefits:
electricity can move heat or objects efficiently, and is clean at the point of consumption.[7][8] In
addition, electrification with renewable energy is more efficient and therefore leads to significant
reductions in primary energy requirements.From 2011 to 2021, renewable energy has grown
from 20% to 28% of global electricity supply. Fossil energy shrunk from 68% to 62%, and
nuclear from 12% to 10%. The share of hydropower decreased from 16% to 15% while power
from sun and wind increased from 2% to 10%. Biomass and geothermal energy grew from 2% to
3%. There are 3,146 gigawatts installed in 135 countries, while 156 countries have laws
regulating the renewable energy sector. In 2021, China accounted for almost half of the global
increase in renewable electricity.
Non-renewable resource (also called a finite resource) is a natural resource that cannot be
readily replaced by natural means at a pace quick enough to keep up with consumption.[1] An
example is carbon-based fossil fuels. The original organic matter, with the aid of heat and
pressure, becomes a fuel such as oil or gas. Earth minerals and metal ores, fossil fuels (coal,
petroleum, natural gas) and groundwater in certain aquifers are all considered non-renewable
resources, though individual elements are always conserved (except in nuclear reactions, nuclear
decay or atmospheric escape).Conversely, resources such as timber (when harvested sustainably)
and wind (used to power energy conversion systems) are considered renewable resources, largely
because their localized replenishment can occur within time frames meaningful to humans as
well.

6
2. Literature Review

Sr.No Title of the paper Year Authors Description

1
Agrovoltics:Step towards 2021 Gutam Raina, How solar system for
sustainable energy-food Sunanda Sinha, agriculture purpose helpful
combustion Prashant Malik, for farmer.
Siddharth Mathur.
2
Solar Energy Technology 2020 Udara Arachchige, Use of solar energy for day
Sumedha R.G to day life . Innovative
Weliwaththage. ideas and future views of
solar energy technology.
3
Trends in Renewable 2020 Monali Patil, India is large production of
Energy: An Overview 2020 Anushka Patil, energy from renewable
Nikhita Chouguale, sources. Trends in
Ashlesha Patil. renewable energy
particularly in a India as
well as their growth and
issues.
4
Space Solar 2020 Paul Jaffe solar power due to
nighttime, weather, and
atmospheric losses is to
collect the sunlight in space
and transmit it wirelessly to
the ground.

7
5 Solar photovoltaics in
airport: Risk assessment and 2020 S. Sreenatha , Solar PV systems are being
mitigation strategies K. Sudhakarb,c, installed in airports across
A.F. Yusop. the globe. It is a relatively
new application of solar
PV technology with a
potential impact on
aviation safety. The main
objective of this paper is to
assess the risk of solar
photovoltaics at the airport.

8
3.Working Principal of Solar Cell

A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electronic device that converts the energy of light
directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.
[1] It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as
current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light. Individual solar cell devices are often
the electrical building blocks of photovoltaic modules, known colloquially as solar panels. The
common single junction silicon solar cell can produce a maximum open-circuit voltage of
approximately 0.5 volts to 0.6volts.[2]

Fig : Working Principal Of Solar Cell

Solar cells are described as being photovoltaic, irrespective of whether the source is sunlight or
an artificial light. In addition to producing energy, they can be used as a photodetector (for
example infrared detectors), detecting light or other electromagnetic radiation near the visible
range, or measuring light intensity. The operation of a photovoltaic (PV) cell requires three basic
attributes: The absorption of light, generating excitons (bound electron-hole pairs), unbound
electron-hole pairs (via excitons), or plasmons. The separation of charge carriers of opposite
types. The separate

9
extraction of those carriers to an external circuit. In contrast, a solar thermal collector supplies
heat by absorbing sunlight, for the purpose of either direct heating or indirect electrical power
generation from heat. A "photoelectrolytic cell" (photoelectrochemical cell), on the other hand,
refers either to a type of photovoltaic cell (like that developed by Edmond Becquerel and modern
dye-sensitized solar cells), or to a device that splits water directly into hydrogen and oxygen
using only solar illumination. Photovoltaic cells and solar collectors are the two means of
producing solar power.
The solar cell works in several steps:
 Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and are absorbed by semiconducting materials,
such as doped silicon.
 Electrons are excited from their current molecular/atomic orbital. Once excited, an electron
can either dissipate the energy as heat and return to its orbital or travel through the cell until it
reaches an electrode. Current flows through the material to cancel the potential and this
electricity is captured. The chemical bonds of the material are vital for this process to work,
and usually silicon is used in two layers, one layer being doped with boron, the other
phosphorus. These layers have different chemical electric charges and subsequently both
drive and direct the current of electrons.[1]
 An array of solar cells converts solar energy into a usable amount of direct current (DC)
electricity.
 An inverter can convert the power to alternating current (AC).
The most commonly known solar cell is configured as a large-area p–n junction made from
silicon. Other possible solar cell types are organic solar cells, dye sensitized solar cells,
perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells etc. The illuminated side of a solar cell generally
has a transparent conducting film for allowing light to enter into the active material and to collect
the generated charge carriers. Typically, films with high transmittance and high electrical
conductance such as indium tin oxide, conducting polymers or conducting nanowire networks
are used for the purpose.[46]

10
4.Case study
1. Agrovoltics System
APV can lead of rural agricultural areas along with providing economic benefit to
farming activities. Agrovoltics is a combination use of land for agricultural as well as electricity
generation. This system also used for crop drying systems, wastewater purification, water
pumping operations & multiple benefits like particle shading for crops, save water form
evaporation. System installed at a height of 4 m above ground level. This system is successfully
implemented in Jodhpur.PV modules could protect crops against hail, heavy rain, and sunburn
which benefits the quality of the crops. Additionally, positive effects have been found on other
quality characteristics (Rollet, 2020). Quality effects are difficult to express with one general
indicator, and therefore must take into account the economic market value of the crop. like
Mirchi , Gobi, Kanda, Lasun, Vegitables, Flowers,Chana etc

Fig : Solar Agrovoltics System

11
2. Solar energy technology
Solar tree concept is require very less space to produce electricity.
The tree is having green leaves are producing food for organisms; likewise this solar tree leaves
are producing energy for society. Medellin in Colombia, a solar unit tree was designed to talk
about the solar tree PV system. Is having 3.5m height tree, and it has four leaves made of acrylic
with solar panels on the top. Energy storage capacity of this tree is about 180 Amp, and it has 6
USB ports to connect mobile devices and two 110v – 200W electrical energy.Solar energy is one
of the best options to meet future energy demand. Researchers have measured successfully in
Detail, the flow of solar energy in and between different parts of a photosynthetic organism for
the first time. This result can develop to get high-efficiency solar energy technology than what is
currently possible.

Fig : Concept Of Solar A Tree

12
3.Trends in Renewable Energy: An Overview 2020
India was the first country in the world to set up a ministry of renewable energy (Ministry
of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) India to rank fourth place in consumption of energy in
the globe. In 2019 India was on rank fourth for most attractive renewable energy market in the
world. The India has set an ambitious target of 450 GW of renewable energy by 2030. India has
three of the top Five largest solar parks in the world. The second-largest solar park in the world
at Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, with a capacity of 1000 MW. In Rajasthan the world's largest solar
power plant, Bhadla Solar Park exist with a capacity of 2255 MW. Indian power sector which
has an investment of Rs. 15 trillion.On a positive note, there is huge optimism about future
prospects of renewable energy. The crisis has refocused attention of governments and policy
makers worldwide to fight climate change and localise energy supply. So these are the
advantages which gives the priority to the renewable energy sources.

Fig : Energy Consumption Capacity

13
4. Trends in Renewable Energy: An Overview 2020
India is now one of the countries with large production of energy from renewable
sources. The renewable energy system represents a unique opportunity for creating new
employment with climate goals and increasing economic growth, and enhancing human welfare.
Hence the role of renewable energy is very important and has been assuming increasing
significance in recent times with the growing concern for energy security. This paper represents
the current trends of renewable energy particularly in India as well as their growth and issues.
As we are facing the concerns about climate change have made renewable energy sources an
important component of the world energy consumption. Renewable energy technologies could
reduce CO2 emissions by replacing fossil fuels which are now limited in nature in the power
generation industry and the transportation sector. Because of some negative externalities in
conventional energy production, i.e. cost and pollution, it is necessary to develop and promote
renewable energy sources, technologies and demand for renewable energy. Power generation
using renewable energy sources must be increased in order to decrease the unit cost of
generation. Energy consumption depends on some important factors including economic
progress, population, energy prices, weather, and technology.

Fig : World Consumption Of Energy

14
5. Solar photovoltaics in airport: Risk assessment and mitigation strategies
The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing at an alarming rate
(Lei et al., 2019). Since global warming is caused by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide
(CO2), Oxides of nitrogen, the increase in the amount of these gases is being closely monitored.
The CO2 concentration during the month of February 2020 is 414.11 ppm and is the highest
among the recorded historical values (Earth System Research Laboratory, 2019). This increase in
emission can be attributed to human activities, mainly deforestation and the combustion of fossil
fuels. A considerable amount of toxic gases is emitted as a result of airport operations. The
airport carbon emissions are mostly from aircraft engines or/and due to electricity consumption.
The electricity consumed in an airport comes from a mixture of conventional sources of energy,
namely natural gas, coal, diesel, etc. So, the harmful environmental impact of airports can be
reduced by switching to renewable energy-based electricity production. The implementation of
solar PV technologies on airports premises is on the rise (Adeliade airport, 2017; Airport solar
PV plant at Moi International airport, 2017; Fresno Yosemite International Airport, 2017;
Kathara Airport, western Australia, 2018; London Southend airports solar farm, 2018; San Diego
County Regional Airport Authority, 2019; Solar Power World, 2016). The electricity generated
from solar PV system is used for meeting the electrical energy requirements of airports either
partially or fully. Cochin international airport became the first aerodrome that is powered fully
by solar PV energy in the world (Reuters, 2018; Sukumaran and Sudhakar, 2017a). However, the
number of airports using solar electrical power is less in number throughout the world.

Fig : Solar PV installation between runway and taxiway.

15
5. Conclusion

1. As we are facing the concerns about climate change have made renewable energy sources
an important component of the world energy consumption.
2. Renewable energy technologies could reduce CO2 emissions by replacing fossil fuels.
3. Power generation using renewable energy sources must be increased in order to decrease
the unit cost of generation.
4. Energy consumption depends on some important factors including economic progress,
population, energy prices, weather & technology.

6. References

1. National Weather Service WetBulb Globe Temperature National Weather Service

[Online] Available: https://www.weather.gov/tsa/wbgt/ Accessed 28-08-2020.
2. O. Peter, C. Mbohwa, Renewable energy technologies in brief, Renewable energy
technologies in briefInternational Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, Vol.8,
1283-1289, 2019.
3. Thomas B. McKee, Nolan J. Doeskenand John Kleist, Analysis of Standardized
Precipitation Index (SPI) data for drought assessment, Water (Switzerland), Vol.26, 1-72,
1993.
4. S. Fetter, Space solar power: an idea whose time will never come? Physics and Society
33 (1) (2004) 10e11
5. Shukla, A.K., Sudhakar, K., Baredar, P., 2016. Simulation and performance analysis of
110 KW p grid-connected photovoltaic system for residential building in India: A
comparative analysis of various PV technology. Energy Rep. 2, 82–88

6. Goodey D, Fidlar A, Don VD, Hudnell D, Pemberton R, Azzouz MS, et al., editors. A
pneumatic multi-dome active energy harvesting system. ASME 2016 international
mechanical engineering congress and exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers;
2016.

16
7. Wang L, Park J, Zhou W, Ban J, Zuo L. On-road energy harvesting for traffic monitoring;
2014

8. Sun CH, Shang GQ, Zhang YK, Du JH, editors. Designing piezoelectric harvesting unit from
road vibration. Advanced Materials Research. Trans Tech Publ; 2013.

9. Cafiso S, Cuomo M, Di Graziano A, Vecchio C, editors. Experimental analysis for

piezoelectric transducers applications into roads pavements. Advanced Materials Research.
Trans Tech Publ; 2013.

10. Zhao S, Erturk A, editors. Energy harvesting from harmonic and noise excitation of
multilayer piezoelectric stacks: modeling and experiment. Active and Passive Smart Structures
and Integrated Systems 2013. International Society for Optics and Photonics; 2013

17