Test, Measurement and Evaluation LEARNING OBJECTIVES 62 Classification of Test in Physical Education and Sports 61 Concept of Test, Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sports G3 Test Administration Guidelines in Physical Education and Sports ‘The present time is an era of hard work in every field of life, and sports has become more competitive day-by-day. Various records are made, but they get broken in a short period of time. This has happened because of the use and development of various tools, equipments, methodology and strategies to increase one’s capabilities. Who would forget India's ‘Flying Angel’, P.T. Usha, who had missed a bronze medal in the Olympics just by 1 nano-second, which signifies the role of advanced technology in observation and measurement in sports. In this chapter, we will discuss various aspects of the measurement and evaluation in sports/games in detail. There are some rules and parameters that have to be observed before a test, for various kinds of measurement. Through tests, one’s qualities can be measured. Tests are of many kinds like Psychological Test, Physical Test, 1.Q. Test, etc. By the above-mentioned facts, we can say that In sports, test is mandatory as, for desirable progress of sportspersons, their abilities and development should be measured as well. * Semmes dahacasts” ee Measurement is a specific score, which can be recorded by an instrument. Tests have to be done to attain results. Each measurement is used to get the results of the test. When a test is done, a score has to be noted which is known as ‘Measurement’. An expert is required to collect data for measurement. If proper instructions and methods are not followed for measurement, the results are useless, which can cause a loss of both ‘money and time. Nominal _| It is used to name or label things. Measurement | It basically categorises things, Scale e.g., gender is categorised in male and female. Ordinal tis used to rank the things, e.g., Scale first, second and third rank in sports. iIll, Assertion-Reason Type Questions 1, Given below are the two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).. Assertion (A) : Tests measure one’s fitness, knowledge, health status, ete. Reason (R): For desirable progress of sportspersons, their abilities and development should be Measured through tests. Inthe context of above two statements, which one of the following is correct? (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (6) Both (A) and (R) are true and (A) is not the correct explanation of (A), (6) (Ais true but (R) is false (d) (A)is false but (R)is true. ‘Ans. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) WV. Very Short Answer Type Questions 1, What is test? 2. What is meant by measurement? 3. What do you understand by evaluation? 4. What are ‘Achievement Tests’? 5. What is the purpose of ‘Intelligence Test’? 6. Who must administer the test items? B. L Short Answer Type Questions-| Discuss any four responsibilities of test administrators prior testing, 2. What is a ‘test’? List any four types of tests. 3. According to Hawkins and Stanley, what is ‘mesurement’? 4. What is the use of ‘Nominal Mesurement Scale’? C. Short Answer Type Questions-II 1. What is the importance of Test, Measurement and Evaluation in sports? 2. Describe the different scales of measurement. 3. Discuss any six responsibilities of test administrators, during testing. “es 4. 2 Explain any six types of tests conducted in physical, ‘education and sports. Long Answer Type Questions . What are the responsibilities of test administrators prior testing, during testing and post testing? Elaborate on the concept of Test, Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sports. Case Study Based Questions Read the following case study and answer the questions given after each: . Evaluation and measurement is important to assess the base and then the progress in all facets of life, more so in sports. Performance enhancement is always a goal but ‘one needs to know and understand the starting baseline. Before any sports can be initiated, a clear understanding of why it is important to test, measure and evaluate any sports performance has to be in place. As the PE teacher of your schoo), you have to lay out the reasons for implementing testing and measurement. (i) What do you understand by test, measurement and evaluation? (i) Wey isitimportant? (ii). How do these factors help you in effective planning of the school sports curriculum? Art Integrated Activity Enact the conversation given below: Student: Good morning, Sir. Teacher: Good morning, Paarth. Student: What are you doing, Sir . Teacher: Paarth, | am measuring students’ height and weight. Student: Sir, why do we want to measure height and weight? Teacher: It is a part of routine check-up, and it comes under test and measurement. Student: Oh, can you tell me more about test and measurement? ‘Teacher: Test and measurement are the means by which we can find different abilities and students’ current physical condition ogg Test, Measurement and EvaluationA. Objective Type Questions 1. Multiple Choice Questions Tick (¢) the correct option: 1. The use of Questionnaire is: (0) Test (6) Measurement (6) Evaluation "(d) Analysis 2. Ifthe height of the child is in feet, it is classified under: (0) Evaluation (b) Measurement (c) Test (a) None of these 3 Jaya’s weight is 3 kg less than Mehul. is: (0) Test (b) Evaluation {) Measurement (@) Summary ‘4. Which scale is used to rank the things? (a) Nominal measurement scale (6) Interval scale (©) Ordinal scale (a) Ratio scale 5. Which scale is the most commonly used scale in physical education? (a) Interval scale {b) Nominal scale () Ratio scale (d) Ordinal scale 6. What states one’s abilities, capacity and achievement level? (0) Test (6) Evaluation (c) Measurement (d) None of these. According to Hawkins and Stanley, the observations obtained from the administration of the tests and their calculations are called: (a) physical test (b) psychological test (c) measurement (a) evaluation 8 The trainer gets an idea of how much the player's performance has improved, with the help of: x (0) skills (b) measurement (c) teachers (d) evaluation ‘9. Which test measures the knowledge and skill of students? (a) Diagnostic test {b) Anthropometric test (€) Personality test (d) Health test Physical Education—XI 10. Which of the following is/are the responsibility of test administrators? (a) Attending ‘Test Administration Training’ (b) Summarising data in the Class Record Form (c) Both (a) and (b) (a) Neither (a) nor (b). a Answers Mae) 1 (a) 2. (6) 3. (b) 4 (c)— 5S. (a) (6) 7 (8 (d) 9% (a) 10. (c) Il, Match the following 1. Match list-| with list-ll and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (| Proficiency Test | 1.| Measures a student's performance in specific | academic areas (ii) | Personality Test | 2. Assesses intelligence and knowledge (iil)| Achievement | 3. | Assesses aspects of an Test individual's personality (iv) | Anthropometric | 4. | Measures people’s ability | Test in language | (v) | Aptitude Test | 5. | Includes measurements of body size, structure and composition | Codes: 0] (ii) (ii) tiv) wy l {a} 2 4 5 1 3 (o)} 2 5 4 3 1 a} 4 3 1 s 2 | | os 1 2 4 3 Ans. (c)ing period must be tested, student Wil Who will administer the test items? # Aphysical educator trained in the test administration must conduct the testing. Other adults may be trained to assist under the supervision of the PE Prior Testing * Attend Test Administration Training, Use Fitness Committee members to provide advice and offer helpful hints and suggestions prior to and during the testing period ® Arrange for assistance, facility use and other special scheduling as needed. Standardize equipment, check calibrations and to assure consistency and accuracy. eRe aude 7 ‘* Make copies of needed forms: Class Record Form ~ Boys and Girls, Summary Report Form, Prepare students with adequate instruction and practice time in the techniques to properly perform the test items. ° (OS testing session is the responsibility of the test ‘gions @ Any area conducive to activity and exercise which is safe and free from obstruction can be used. Consideration should be given to assure safety and fairness in testing. 4 Though it is impossible to avoid all variables (eg., wind, running surfaces...) it is expected that teachers will work to achieve accurate and consistent data. 4 Outdoor testing should occur on days when the temperature, humidity and air quality are at acceptable health levels # The physical education teacher or school administrator should consult with the school nurse supervisor or school medical advisor in making this judgment. % Test items may be administered in any order. More than one test item may be administered in any one session, All students need not be tested on the same item in any one session. es. Volunteer help is encouraged. Volunteers (i.e., classroom teachers, administrators, parents, college students) can be trained to assist with recording scores, counting or other tasks. Students may not be used as monitors during testing. This is a productive teaching strategy during the instruction and practice of exercise, but is not allowed during the testing. The test administrator must summarize the data at the bottom of each Class Record Form. Summarized data should be transferred to the Summary Record Form. ‘ The physical education teacher should keep a copy ofall forms as a back-up and for individual student and building analysis. Ea. Follow up with those students who did not meet minimal standards, ie, provide additional testing, develop a fitness plan, and work with parents or guardians, and the school nurse. Test, Meaturement and Evaluation qIntorval It in tho moat commonly ued Seale sealo in physical education, It in buwod on continuum and the intorval or diatanco between two numbers are always samo, 6.6, in the scalo of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and | s0 on tho difforence between any two numbers ia 2. In this seale absolute zero has no signifi It is the moat advanced and precised scale in which absolute zoro is significant, e.g., if the pulse rato of a porson is zero, thon it means no life in that persor Ratio Seale 3. Evaluation: Evaluation states one's abilities, capacity and achievement level. Primarily, analysis of the results obtained by the tests and measurement is known as ‘Evaluation’. Assessing the qualities of sportspersons on the basis of their skills through their performance is called Evaluation For example, test of the physical endurance of a player and its measurement to select a suitable game for him, Evaluation is a life-long process. We can set goals for ourselves by evaluation. We can also self- monitor our work and its progress. With the help of evaluation, the trainer gets an idea of how much the player's performance has improved. It becomes easy to analyse the benefits of teaching, training, methodology, teaching tools, ete. The process of effort, supervision and training adopted to achieve the goal is known as evaluation. Assessment is a smooth process that continues throughout life. It is an investigation of the work completed by us and the direction of progress. We can pave the way forward for ourselves through evaluation. Classification of Test Education 'and'sports >hysical 4 Diagnostic test: It measures the knowledge ang © Aptitude tests: They are mainly made to Other it physical education and sports can be: they have any training in that language or not, kills of students, It is used to identify students wtrongths and weaknesses in past and presen learning, intelligence and knowledge. Aptitude tests most commonly consist of numerical reasoning, verba, reasoning, speed, accuracy abilities, and more. @ Achievement tests: They are designed to measure a student's performance in specific academic areay such as reading, comprehension, written or oral expression, and mathematical computations Intelligence test: They measure the mental ability of an individual — the ability to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment; to understand and deal with people, objects, and symbols; and to judge, comprehend, and reason. @ Personality Test: This test is designed for assessing some aspects of an individual: personality. portant classifications of tests in + Intelligence Tests: An individually administered test used to determine a person's level of intelligence by measuring his or her ability to solve problems form concepts, reason, acquire detail, and perform other intellectual tasks, Anthropometric Tests: It includes measurements of body size, structure, and composition. It is important to be aware of the effects of chang’ these factors, and to be able to measure them * Health Tests: A health test is a med) procedure performed to detect disease processes susceptibility, or to determine a course treatment. ® Physical Fitness Tests: It includes measures o body composition and assessment of other physical fitness components. % Sports Skill Tests: Sports skill tests are designed to measure the basic skills used in the playing 0! a specific sport Test is a tool to obtain information to determine the specific characteristics or qualities of an individual regarding knowledge, physical abilities, skill abilities, etc. On the basis of the usage, tests can be classified into various categories: ® Proficiency tests: Proficiency tests are designed to measure people’s ability in a language whether Test Administration Guidelines in Physical Education and Sports Instructions for Test Administrators Who will be tested? All students in Grades 1-12 participating ia physical education during the physical fitnes Physical Education—X!