HLTINF001

Comply with infection prevention and control policies and procedures

Student Assessment

ASSESSMENT TASK 1 – QUESTIONING

Student Details

☐ I have read and understand unit information and assessment instruction

Student ID sa2793 Date 9/08/2022

Student Name Muskanprret kaur

Assessment Information

Conditions of  The student will have access to the relevant learning resources, listed
Assessment under the learning resource of this document, for this assessment.
 Questions will be completed in the student’s own time.
 Responses to the questions must be typed.

Student Instructions  This task requires you to complete a written response knowledge
for completion assessment.
 You are required to answer all questions correctly in Assessment Task 1 –
Questioning.
 The questions within this assessment relate directly to the integrated
knowledge contained within the unit of competencies and are fundamental
to the student’s knowledge and performance evidence. Use of correct
grammar and spelling is required to demonstrate foundation skills, so
please ensure to proofread your answers prior to submission.
 You may have up to three (3) attempts to receive a Satisfactory outcome
for this assessment.
 Failure to receive the Satisfactory outcome after the three (3) attempts, the
result for the unit will be deemed Not Yet Satisfactory, and you must re-
enroll and repeat the unit to be eligible to be assessed again.
 APA referencing must be used where original sources have been used. Do
not copy and paste text from any of the online sources. SCEI has a strict
plagiarism policy and students who are found guilty of plagiarism, will be
penalised.
 The written assessment standards (8.2) outlined in the PP77 Assessment
policy and procedure apply to this assessment task.

Explanation of the  List / identify / state / give = present in brief form

common command  Outline = provide the main facts about something, more than naming, but
words used in the not a detailed description
Assessment Task  Describe = Provide full details of characteristics and/or features, more
needed than an outline or than a list
 Explain / Discuss = Provide a reasonable argument to discuss cause and
effect and/or make links between things clear in your own words
 Analyse = Identify parts, the relationship between them, and their
relationships with the whole. Draw out and relate implications
 Demonstrate = Present, show or illustrate through example or action

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CRICOS Provider Code 02934D
procedure Page 8 of 34 RTO Number 121952
HLT54121 Diploma of Nursing
Student Assessment - Version 2.0 March 2022
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Comply with infection prevention and control policies and procedures
Student Assessment

Assessment  You will be provided with a briefing on the assessment and the opportunity
Procedure to seek clarification on the conduct of the assessment.
 You may seek clarification at any point in time during the assessment task.
If you feel you need more time to complete the assessment, you must
negotiate the time needed with the assessor prior to the assessment due
date.
 Following the assessment, your responses will be assessed and marked
as appropriate. Where responses have been assessed in one (1) or more
questions as unsatisfactory, students will be required to resubmit these
questions. For more information, detailed information can be found in PP77
Assessment Policy and Procedure
Due Date  14 days after the unit completion date as outlined in the PP77 Assessment
Policy and Procedure.

Questions:

1. List the steps involved in medical hand wash and pre surgical hand wash.
One of the most crucial aspects of infection management is hand hygiene. The purpose of hand washing is to get rid of temporary microorganisms that have accumulated on the
hands from routine clinical duties. Both patients and workers are protected by good hand hygiene.Contrary to handwashing or handrubbing for hygiene, surgical hand preparation
must remove transitory flora and lessen resident flora. Additionally, it ought to prevent bacterial development on the gloved hand.

1) Remove all jewelry (rings, watches, bracelets).

2 )Wash hands and arms with anitmicrobial soap.

3 )Clean subungual areas with a nail file.

4 )Start timing. Scrub each side of each finger, between the fingers, and the back and front of the hand for (2 minutes).

5 )Proceed to scrub the arms, keeping the hand higher than the arm at all times. This prevents bacteria-laden soap and water from contaminating the hand. (World Health
Organization, 2009)

6 )Wash each side of the arm to three inches above the elbow for one minute.

7) Repeat the process on the other hand and arm, keeping hands above elbows at all times.

8) Rinse hands and arms by passing them through the water in one direction only, from fingertips to elbow. Do not move the arm back and forth through the water.

9 )Proceed to the operating room suite holding hands above elbows.

10) If the hands and arms are grossly soiled, the scrub time should be lengthened.

11) Once in the operating room suite, hands and arms should be dried using a sterile towel and aseptic technique.

REFERENCES:-
World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. In WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care (pp. 270-270).

2. List two (2) clinical instances when hand hygiene should be performed with soap and water, rather than
an alcohol based hand rub.
In most clinical contexts, alcohol-based hand rub is preferable over soap and water
unless hands are obviously dirty (e.g., with dirt, blood, or bodily fluids) for the following
reasons: Is more effective than soap at destroying potentially lethal bacteria on hands.
little time is necessary.
1) When Hands are not visibly soiled or dirty
2) When the Diarrhoeal disease is not suspected or proven.

References:-
Longtin, Y., Sax, H., Allegranzi, B., Schneider, F., & Pittet, D. (2011). Hand hygiene. N
Engl J Med, 364(13), e24.

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Comply with infection prevention and control policies and procedures
Student Assessment

3. List two (2) non-clinical moments for hand hygiene.

The clinical or non-clinical moment word refers to whether or not you directly care for patients, in which case your
employment is clinical. Even while non-clinical work may not directly diagnose, treat, or care for patients, it may assist
patient care.
1)Before touching a patient
2)Before conducting a procedure

References:-
Beggs, C. B., Noakes, C. J., Shepherd, S. J., Kerr, K. G., Sleigh, P. A., & Banfield, K. (2006). The influence of nurse
cohorting on hand hygiene effectiveness. American journal of infection control, 34(10), 621-626.

4. Outline the hand care guidelines related to:

 Maintaining fingernails
1)Keep nails short and trim them often.
2)Scrub the underside of nails with soap and water (or a nail brush) every time you wash your hands.
3)Clean any nail grooming tools before use.
4)Never rip or bite a hangnail. Instead, clip it with a clean, sanitized nail trimmer.

References:-
Beggs, C. B., Noakes, C. J., Shepherd, S. J., Kerr, K. G., Sleigh, P. A., & Banfield, K. (2006). The influence of nurse cohorting on hand hygiene effectiveness. American journal of infection control, 34(10), 621-626.

 Removal of jewellery and watches

1)In clinical areas all hand and wrist jewellery is limited to a single plain banded ring
2)Wearing jewellery on the finger should be avoided when caring for patients. (Cimon, & Featherstone, 2018)
3)Jewellery can be worn on a necklace and tucked under clothing or a disposable gown.
4)All wrist jewelry and watches worn below the elbows should be avoided in health care settings
5)In high-risk settings any jewellery, even a plain band, shall not be worn.

References:-
Cimon, K., & Featherstone, R. (2018). Jewellery and nail polish worn by health care workers and the risk of infection transmission: a review of clinical evidence and guidelines.

 Maintenance of intact skin

1)Any adverse skin conditions should be reported
2)All staff are encouraged to maintain good skin integrity with regular use (at
3)Least three times per shift) of moisturising lotions. Aqueous-based hand creams
4)Can be used to avoid chapped hands. Oil-based preparations should be
5)Avoided as they may cause latex gloves to deteriorate.

References:-
World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. In WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care (pp. 270-270).

 Management of cuts and abrasions

Thorough irrigation, topical antibacterial medication, and the proper dressing are used to treat abrasions. Treatment for lacerations involves the use of anaesthetic, thorough cleansing of the wound, sterile suturing, use of the proper dressing, and prompt follow-up.
sanitise your hands. This lessens the risk of infection.
1)Put an end to the bleeding.
2)Cleanse the injury.
3)Apply some petroleum jelly or an antibiotic.
4)Protect the wound.
5)Adjust the dressing.
6)Obtain a tetanus injection.
7)Keep an eye out for infection indications

5. Explain the scope and use of the following PPE in accordance with organisational policies and
procedures

 Gloves
1)Gloves provide comfort and protection for hands from extremes of temperature, disease, and damage from chemicals, abrasion, and friction. They can also act as a guard against objects that bare hands shouldn't touch.

2)Gloves help keep your hands clean and lessen your chance of getting germs that can make you sick.

3)Wear gloves every time you touch blood, bodily fluids, bodily tissues, mucous membranes, or broken skin. You should wear gloves for this sort of contact, even if a patient seems healthy and has no signs of any germs.

References:-
Phan, L. T., Sweeney, D., Maita, D., Moritz, D. C., Bleasdale, S. C., Jones, R. M., & CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. (2019). Respiratory viruses on personal protective equipment and bodies of healthcare workers. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 40
(12), 1356-1360.

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Comply with infection prevention and control policies and procedures
Student Assessment

 Gown/Apron
-They are used to protect the wearer from the spread of disease-causing microorganisms if the wearer comes in contact with potentially infectious liquid or solid material.
-They may also be used to help prevent the wearer from transferring microorganisms that could harm vulnerable patients, such as those with compromised immune systems.
Gowns are intended to provide broad barrier protection

References:-
Phan, L. T., Sweeney, D., Maita, D., Moritz, D. C., Bleasdale, S. C., Jones, R. M., & CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. (2019). Respiratory viruses on personal protective
equipment and bodies of healthcare workers. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 40(12), 1356-1360.

 Masks
-You can wear a face mask or covering like a scarf or bandana over your nose, mouth and chin to protect people around you.
-A face mask may help to reduce the spread of infection by minimising the excretion of respiratory droplets from infected person
-Masks reduce susceptibility to infection in healthy individuals

References:-
Lynch, C., Mahida, N., Oppenheim, B., & Gray, J. (2020). Washing our hands of the problem. Journal of Hospital Infection, 104(4),
401-403.

 Protective glasses
-Goggles are the primary protectors intended to shield the eyes against liquid or chemical splash, irritating mists, vapors, and fumes
-Eye injuries can be caused by direct contact with chemicals or other hazardous materials.
Comfort and fit are important considerations when selecting eye protection.

References:-
Hashikura, M., & Kizu, J. (2009). Stockpile of personal protective equipment in hospital settings: preparedness for influenza
pandemics. American journal of infection control, 37(9), 703-707.

6. Explain the roles of an EN in managing blood or body fluid spills in accordance with organisational
policies and procedures. (Consider including care after body fluid exposure, spills removal, signage)
-Managing spills depends on the type of spill, possible microorganisms present, type of surface and the area where the spill occurs. Spills may be vomit, blood, urine or any other
body substance. Blood or body substances (except sweat) need to be treated as potentially infectious materials that can transmit disease should contact occur.
En will follow Standard precautions because they are good hygiene practices relating to hand hygiene, the use of gloves and other protective clothing (as appropriate), and the
safe disposal of waste. Standard precautions apply including PPE appropriate to the task (eg gloves, goggles/face shield, apron – which are put on well away from the spill).
Practices need to have a kit readily available to manage spills. (Kamer, & Çolak, 2020)

-Blood and body fluid spills need to be treated promptly to reduce the potential for contact with other
patients, staff or visitors, and to reduce the damage done to surfaces. Where transmission-based precautions apply, a disinfectant should be chosen that has label claims against
the microorganism of concern

References:-
Kamer, E., & Çolak, T. (2020). What to Do When A Patient Infected With COVID-19 Needs An Operation: A Pre-surgery, Peri-surgery and Post-surgery Guide. Turkish Journal of
Colorectal Disease, 30(4).

7. Outline the procedures for disposal of the following two contaminated waste

● disposing of sharps
1)Place all needles and other sharps in a sharps disposal container immediately after they have been used. This will reduce the risk
of needle sticks, cuts, and punctures from loose sharps. Sharps disposal containers should be kept out of reach of children and pets.
2)Do not recap / re-sheath needles or lancets. Scalpel blades should be removed and disposed of using artery forceps.
3)Do not ask for a sharp item to be taken from you or to be disposed of by someone else.Do not walk unnecessary distances with a
sharp in hand.

4)Dispose of sharps in an appropriate sharps container; never in a waste bin or plastic bag.
5)Dispose of sharps immediately after use – not later – to avoid needlestick injuries. When disposing sharps in a container:place the
sharp end in first i.e. pointing it away from the body; drop the item in rather than push; do not place hands inside the container.
6)Sharps containers should be replaced when 75% full. Sharps containers should be sealed after use.Ensure that the sharps
container is closed for disposal.

References:-
Sawalem, M., Selic, E., & Herbell, J. D. (2009). Hospital waste management in Libya: A case study. Waste management, 29(4),
1370-1375.

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Comply with infection prevention and control policies and procedures
Student Assessment

● handling contaminated and clinical waste in a hospital.

1) Know the healthcare waste laws.
2) Classify medical waste correctly. Identifying the kind of waste you’re dealing with is the first step in properly disposing of it. Avoid putting non-hazardous waste in with the rest
to prevent overspending.
3) Separate the waste by type. Waste should be separated out into the different categories, including sharps, pharmaceutical, chemical, pathological, and non-hazardous.
Regulated medical waste goes in red bags. Sharps that go into these bags must be put into puncture-proof containers first. (Adu, Gyasi, Essumang, & Otabil, 2020)
4) Use the right medical waste containers. Put all waste in approved containers depending on how it’s classified. Some waste can go in certified cardboard boxes, while other
waste gets put in special tubs or even locked up for transit.
5) Prepare the containers properly. Healthcare waste containers and bags must be taped for shipment, then packaged according to DOT weight restrictions. Containers should be
stored in a secure, dry area before pickup or shipping. It’s essential to properly label all waste before transport as well.
6) Use the medical waste disposal color code. The color coding system for waste segregation calls for all sharps to go in puncture resistant red biohazard waste containers.
Biohazard waste goes in red bags and containers. Yellow containers are for trace chemo waste, while pharmaceutical waste goes into black containers for hazardous materials
and blue for all others. Radioactive wastes like Fluorine-18 or Iodine-131 get put in shielded containers marked with the radioactive symbol.

References:-
Adu, R. O., Gyasi, S. F., Essumang, D. K., & Otabil, K. B. (2020). Medical waste-sorting and management practices in five hospitals in Ghana. Journal of environmental and public
health, 2020.

8. Your patient has been diagnosed with H1N1 influenza virus. List the additional precautions you
implement as an EN to prevent the transmission of infection. Explain your rationale.
Your nose, throat, and lungs are lined with cells that influenza viruses like H1N1 infect. When you inhale
infected droplets or contact a contaminated surface with your eyes, nose, or mouth, the virus enters your
body.
1) Do regular Hand Hygiene
2) Ensure to administration of influenza vaccine
3) Make an implementation of respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
4)Adhere to Standard Precautions
5) Do not touch your face

-influenza viruses have been thought to spread from person to person primarily through large-particle
respiratory droplet transmission. It requires close contact between source and recipient persons

References:-
Macias, A. E., De la Torre, A., Moreno-Espinosa, S., Leal, P. E., Bourlon, M. T., & Ruiz-Palacios, G. M.
(2009). Controlling the novel A (H1N1) influenza virus: don't touch your face!. Journal of Hospital Infection,
73(3), 280-281.

9. List four (4) hazards in a hospital work environment including the infection hazard. For each of them, list
the level of risk and appropriate control measures (Consider hierarchy of control).
1)Sharps disposal:-
High risk
Not re-capping used needles immediately disposing of sharps in an appropriate sharps container at the point of us.
2) Environmental Cleaning:-
High risk
A routine environmental cleaning schedule and a cleaning method statement, based on assessment of the risk of transmission of
infection.
3)Biological Hazards:-
High risk
Use safety engineered equipment as appropriate. Dispose of biohazardous waste in accordance with host institution procedures.
4) Physical Hazards:-
Moderate risk
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment. Keep work areas organized and tidy. Adhere to defined work procedures and rules.

References:-

Manyisa, Z. M., & van Aswegen, E. J. (2017). Factors affecting working conditions in public hospitals: A literature review. International
journal of Africa nursing sciences, 6, 28-38.

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Comply with infection prevention and control policies and procedures
Student Assessment

10. Assess the risk of each of the following hazards by determining the likelihood of a hazard occurring in
your work environment, and the severity of harm.
Hazard Likelihood of risk Severity of harm

Needle stick injury, where the less likely severe

needle is contaminated with
infectious blood.

high likely severe

Exposure to a client with highly
infectious influenza.

high likely severe

Splash from infected body fluids
into eyes or mucous membranes.

11. Explain briefly the concept of chain of infection with two (2) examples.

For an infectious agent to spread to cause disease, certain conditions must be present. An infectious
illness or bacterium can only transfer from one person to another if specific circumstances are
satisfied.This process is called the chain of infection. These can inclue:-
1)Infectious agent:-In addition to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are also considered infectious
agents (pathogens). These diseases' pathogenicity is determined by their quantity, potency, capacity to
penetrate and survive in the body, and host sensitivity. For instance, the smallpox virus is extremely
virulent and infects practically everyone who is exposed to it. The TB bacillus, in contrast, only infects a
tiny percentage of humans, typically those who have compromised immune systems or who are
malnourished and living in crowded surroundings.
2)Reservoir :-A reservoir of infection is the source from which infection can spread by allowing the
pathogen to survive and possibly multiply. Humans, animals, and even inanimate environmental objects
can serve as reservoirs of infection. There are many sources of infection in a healthcare setting. These
include patients, healthcare workers, visitors, inanimate objects like medical equipment, and even the
hospital environment. A human reservoir can be either an infected case, or a carrier, i.e. the person is
colonized by a particular pathogen and does not present with any symptoms or signs of acute infection.
Adherence to standard infection control practices is important as these asymptomatic carriers present a
risk of cross infection, especially in healthcare surroundings. (Wynn, 2021).
3)Path of exit :-The path of exit is how a pathogen leaves its reservoir. It normally refers to the site where
the micro- organism grows. Common sites of exit associated with human reservoirs include the skin,
mucous membranes, and the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts.
4)Mode of Transmission:-The method through which an infectious agent is passed from one person to
another. Droplets, direct or indirect touch, or aerial transmission are all possible delivery methods.
5)Portal of entry:-The mucous membranes, non-intact skin, the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and
genitourinary tracts are only a few of the entrance points for infectious organisms into the body. As an
example, airborne viruses from one person's sneeze can enter through another person's nose. Pathogens
frequently enter the body of the host along the same way they entered the reservoir.
6)Susceptible host:-A vulnerable host, or someone who is at risk of infection, is the last link in the chain of
infection. When the pathogen enters the body of someone with a healthy immune system, infection does
not happen immediately. But infection often occurs when a pathogenic pathogen enters an individual with a
weakened immune system.
Several variables relating to the individual being exposed (the host), the pathogen (the agent), and the
environment will determine whether exposure to a pathogen results in infection. The existence or lack of
natural barriers, the immune system's functionality, and the presence or absence of an intrusive device are
examples of host variables that might affect how an exposure turns out.

References:-
Wynn, M. O. (2021). Understanding the principles of infection prevention and control. Nursing Standard, 36
(5), 61-66.

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Comply with infection prevention and control policies and procedures
Student Assessment

12. List four (4) factors that may increase an individual’s risk of acquisition or susceptibility to infection and
explain why.
1)Age
2) Nutritional status
3) Immune competency
4) Pre-existing chronic diseases

-Host susceptibility to infections can be markedly affected by age and sex. For many infections, young
animals have a higher mortality than older animals. For other viruses, older animals may exhibit increased
susceptibility, such as with human coronaviruses.

-Previously mild or clinically inapparent infections can produce dangerous disease when host immunity
falls, such as occurs in strongyloidiasis, in which the parasite is capable of multiplying by autoinfection
within its host, and fatal amebiasis that may occur if corticosteroids are administered in error.

-The presence of the disease process in an exposed person can be expected to shift the dose–response
curve because the chemical is more effective in a diseased person. The disease is more likely to occur in
an exposed person because of the chemical's contribution to the pathologic process.

References:-
Sattler, C. A., Mason Jr, E. O., & Kaplan, S. L. (2002). Prospective comparison of risk factors and
demographic and clinical characteristics of community-acquired, methicillin-resistant versus
methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infection in children. The Pediatric infectious disease
journal, 21(10), 910-916.

13. What are reusable medical devices and why are they reprocessed? Then explain the processes for
reprocessing reusable equipment to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposures.
-Reusable medical devices are devices that health care providers can reuse to diagnose and treat multiple
patients.Reusable medical equipment gets dirty and infected with bacteria when it's used on patients. Reusable
devices go through "reprocessing," a thorough, multi-step procedure to clean and then disinfect or sterilise them, to
eliminate any danger of infection from a contaminated device.Examples of reusable medical devices include surgical
forceps, endoscopes and laryngoscopes.

1)Cleaning
At the point of use, such as in the operating room, devices receive initial decontamination and cleaning, and steps are
taken to prevent drying of blood, tissue, other biological debris, and contaminants on the device.

2)Disinfection
When used on patients, reusable devices become soiled and contaminated with microorganisms hence disinfection is
necessary.

3)Sterilization
Steam sterilization (also known as moist-heat sterilization or autoclaving) is the most used technique for sterilizing
reusable medical devices across the globe.

References:-
Panta, G., Richardson, A. K., Shaw, I. C., Chambers, S., & Coope, P. A. (2019). Effectiveness of steam sterilization of
reusable medical devices in primary and secondary care public hospitals in Nepal and factors associated with
ineffective sterilization: A nation-wide cross-sectional study. Plos one, 14(11), e0225595.

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Student Assessment

14. Provide three examples of infections caused by each of the following pathogenic microorganisms.
Note that you may need to complete independent research to answer this question.
Pathogen Infection

Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and E. coli

Bacteria or bacterial spores

COVID-19.
Influenza (the flu)
HIV
Virus

Athlete's foot, ringworm, and genital candidiasis

Fungi

15. Explain the following:

A. Explain the difference between harmless microorganisms and pathogens.

-A microorganism is only considered a pathogen if it causes disease. Harmless viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and parasites are
simply called microorganisms.

-A pathogen is a living thing that causes disease. pathogen can reproduce in a host. some pathogens produce toxins that damage
tissue while some pathogen creates a strong immune response that damages healthy tissue along with infected tissue,

-The majority of infections are opportunists, and seemingly benign microbes are frequently not. A microorganism's ability to behave as
a pathogen depends on both its characteristics and the host's sensitivity. Numerous microbes that we carry in and on our bodies later
cause cancer in people whose immune systems have been deliberately suppressed.

References:-
Casadevall, A., & Pirofski, L. A. (2001). Host‐pathogen interactions: the attributes of virulence. The Journal of infectious diseases,
184(3), 337-344.

B. Explain the difference between colonisation, infection and disease.

1)Colonization means germs are on the body but do not make you sick.Even seemingly innocuous germs can cause harm. Colonization is the presence of a microbe on or inside
a host, along with that organism's development and reproduction, but without host-microorganism interactions (no clinical expression, no immune response).
It happens when one country conquers another, subjugates its people, and exploits them, frequently while imposing its own cultural norms and language.

2)Infection means that germs are in or on the body and make you sick, which results in signs and symptoms such as fever, pus from a wound, a high white blood cell count,
diarrhea, or pneumonia.When bacteria enter the body, multiply, and trigger a response in the body, an infection results. An infection has to happen in three ways: Source: Habitats
of infectious (germ) agents (e.g., sinks, surfaces, human skin) A person who is susceptible and who has a point of entry for germs.

3)Disease occurs when the cells in your body are damaged, as a result of the infection, and signs and symptoms of an illness appear.Disease is defined as "an ailment or
sickness distinguished by certain signs or symptoms." However, it is curious that some dictionaries claim that illnesses are brought on by "bacteria or infections," seemingly
disqualifying psychological disorders and non-communicable conditions as illnesses. This is strange given the fact that non-communicable diseases, like cancer and
cardiovascular disease, account for the majority of poor health in the modern world.

References:-
Casadevall, A., & Pirofski, L. A. (2000). Host-pathogen interactions: basic concepts of microbial commensalism, colonization, infection, and disease. Infection and immunity, 68
(12), 6511-6518.

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16. A) Briefly outline routine cleaning procedures for the following surface types.
Surface Cleaning procedure
Minimal touch surfaces (e.g. floors, Thoroughly wet (soak) a fresh cleaning cloth
Wipe surfaces using the general strategies
walls, curtains, sinks) Regularly rotate and unfold the cleaning cloth to use all of the sides
Change cleaning cloths when they are no longer saturated with solution

Frequently touched surfaces (e.g. Conduct Visual Preliminary Site Assessment

door knobs, bed rails, bedside tables, Proceed From Cleaner To Dirtier
start with shared equipment and common surfaces
light switches) surfaces and items directly touched by the patient

B) Specify the times for surface cleaning procedures for the following surfaces in a high-risk environment
(e.g. hospital setting).

Object Frequency of clean

Bed after patient use

Bedside table daily
Chair once daily
Commode twice a day
Door knobs, handles twice a day
Non-slip floors once daily
Patient equipment (e.g. obs machine) after patient use
Shower once a day
Toilet once a day
Linen trolley as much as possible in a day

17. As an enrolled nurse, discuss three areas of your responsibility in relation to infection prevention and
control in the work environment.
1) Gathering and analyzing infection data:-
This is important in making evidence based decisions and taking appropriate measures to control the
spread of infection (Burnett, 2018).

2) Treating infected:-
Isolating and treating infected individuals to contain the spread of infectious diseases.

3) Educating medical and public health professionals:-

This is especially on infection prevention protocols to facilitate emergency preparedness.

References:-
Burnett, E. (2018). Effective infection prevention and control: the nurse's role. Nursing Standard, 33(4).

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18. Identify the modes of disease transmission, source of infective agent, susceptible host and incubation
period for the following conditions:

Disease Key modes of Source of Susceptible

Incubation period
condition transmission infective agent host

an infective female parasites of the children 7 to 30 days

Anopheles mosquito Plasmodium
genus
Malaria

fecal- oral route, consumption of infants 12 to 48 hours

undercooked
shellfish
Norovirus

body fluids from sexual contact, gay, bisexual 9 months to 20

infected people illicit injection years
drug use or
AIDS sharing needles,
contact with
infected blood

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D
procedure Page 17 of 34 RTO Number 121952
HLT54121 Diploma of Nursing
Student Assessment - Version 2.0 March 2022