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Types of Foundation

This document discusses different types of foundations used in building construction. It describes shallow foundations, which include individual/isolated footings for single columns, combined footings for multiple nearby columns, strip/spread footings that distribute weight across a broader area, and raft/mat foundations that disperse loads throughout the full structure. It also describes deep foundations, specifically pile foundations that transfer loads to bedrock below ground, and drilled shaft/caisson foundations that resist stresses through shaft and toe resistance. Key factors for foundation design include placing the bottom below the frost line and considering soil settlement, erosion, composition, and potential for collapse.

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Kamran JUTT
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59 views

Types of Foundation

This document discusses different types of foundations used in building construction. It describes shallow foundations, which include individual/isolated footings for single columns, combined footings for multiple nearby columns, strip/spread footings that distribute weight across a broader area, and raft/mat foundations that disperse loads throughout the full structure. It also describes deep foundations, specifically pile foundations that transfer loads to bedrock below ground, and drilled shaft/caisson foundations that resist stresses through shaft and toe resistance. Key factors for foundation design include placing the bottom below the frost line and considering soil settlement, erosion, composition, and potential for collapse.

Uploaded by

Kamran JUTT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Foundation.

1. Shallow foundation

 Individual footing or isolated footing


 Combined footing
 Strip foundation
 Raft or mat foundation

2. Deep Foundation

 Pile foundation
 Drilled Shafts or caissons

Types of Shallow Foundations.


1. Individual Footing or Isolated Footing
The most frequent form of foundation used in building construction is an isolated footing or
individual footing. This foundation, also known as a pad foundation, is designed for a single
column.

Individual footings are square or rectangular in shape and are utilized when loads from the
structure are handled by the columns. The size is determined by the load on the column and the
safe bearing capability of the soil.

2. Combined Footing
When two or more columns are near enough and their isolated footings overlap, a combined
footing is formed. It is made up of discrete footings, however their structural design varies.

This foundation has a rectangular form and is utilized when loads from the structure are handled
by the columns.

3. Spread footings or Strip footings and Wall footings


Spread footings have a broader base than standard load-bearing wall foundations. The broader
base of this foundation type distributes the weight of the building structure across a larger area,
providing more stability.
Figure 1 Spread Footing

4. Raft or Mat Foundations


Raft or mat foundations carry significant structural loads from columns and walls by being
dispersed throughout the full surface of the structure.

Figure 2 Raft Foundation

Types of Deep Foundations.


1. Pile Foundations
A pile foundation is a form of deep foundation that is used to transfer large loads from the

structure to a hard rock stratum that is many meters below ground level.

Figure 3 Pile Foundation


2. Drilled Shafts or Caisson Foundation
Drilled shafts, also known as caissons, are a form of deep foundation with an action similar to
pile foundations covered above, but they are large capacity cast-in-situ foundations. It resists
structural stresses by shaft resistance, toe resistance, or a combination of the two. An auger is
used to produce drilled shafts or caissons.

Figure 4 Drilled shaft Foundation

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Important Factor are considerations in foundation design:


The foundation must be planned so that the bottom of the foundation is below the frost line.
 Soil Settlement
 Soil Erosion
 Sand and Silt Foundations
 Loess and Other Collapsible Soils Foundations.
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