ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION

Questions and Answers

1. Self generating type transducers are ___________
transducers.
a) Active
b) Passive
c) Secondary
d) Inverse
Ans : (a)

2. The transducers that converts the input signal into the output
signal, which is a discrete function of time is known as
___________ transducer.
a) Active
b) Analog
c) Digital
d) Pulse
Ans : (c)

3. A transducer that converts measurand into the form of pulse

is called
a) Active transducer
b) Analog transducer
c) Digital transducer
d) Pulse transducer
Ans : (d)

4. Which of the following is a digital transducer?

a) Strain gauge
b) Encoder
c) Thermistor
d) LVDT
Ans : (b)

5. Strain gauge, LVDT and thermocouple are examples of

a) Active transducers
b) Passive transducers
c) Analog transducers
d) Primary transducers
Ans : (c)
6. An inverse transducer is a device which converts
a) An electrical quantity into a non electrical quantity
b) Electrical quantity into mechanical quantity
c) Electrical energy into thermal energy
d) Electrical energy into light energy
Ans : (a)
7. A strain gauge is a passive transducer and is employed for
converting
a) Mechanical displacement into a change of resistance
b) Pressure into a change of resistance
c) Force into a displacement
d) Pressure into displacement
Ans : (a)
8. Resolution of a transducer depends on
a) Material of wire
b) Length of wire
c) Diameter of wire
d) Excitation voltage
Ans : (c)
9. The sensitivity factor of strain gauge is normally of the order
of
a) 1 to 1.5
b) 1.5 to 2.0
c) 0.5 to 1.0
d) 5 to 10
Ans: b
10. In wire wound strain gauges, the change in resistance is due
to
a) Change in diameter of the wire
b) Change in length of the wire
c) Change in both length and diameter
d) Change in resistivity
Ans : (c)
11. Bonded wire strain gauges are
a) Exclusively used for construction of transducers
b) Exclusively used for stress analysis
c) Used for both stress analysis and construction of transducer
d) Pressure measurement
Ans : (c)
12. Certain type of materials generates an electrostatic charge or
voltage when mechanical force is applied across them. Such
materials are called
a) Piezo-electric
b) Photo-electric
c) Thermo-electric
d) Photo-resistive
Ans : (a)
13. Quartz and Rochelle salt belongs to ___________ of piezo-
electric materials
a) Natural group
b) Synthetic group
c) Natural or Synthetic group
d) Fiber group
Ans : (a)
14. Which of the following are piezo electric substances?
1. Barium titanate
2. Lead titanate
3. Lead Zirconate
4. Cadmium and sulphate
a) 1,2 and 4
b) 1,3and4
c) 1,2and 3
d) 2,3and 4
Ans : (c)
15. Piezo-electric transducers are
a) Passive transducers
b) Inverse transducers
c) Digital transducers
d) Pulse transducers
Ans : (b)
16. Piezo – electric transducers work when we apply
_____________ to it.
a) Mechanical force
b) Vibrations
c) Illuminations
d) Heat
Ans : (a)
17. Piezo electric crystal can produce an emf
a) When external mechanical force is applied to i
b) When radiant energy stimulates the crystal
c) When external magnetic field is applied
d) When the junction of two such crystals are heated
Ans : (a)
18. The draw backs of strain gauges are
S1: Low fatigue life
S2: They are expensive, brittle and sensitive to temperature
S3: Poor linearity
a) S1 and S2
b) S2 and S3
c) S1 and S3
d) S1 only
Ans : (b)
19. LVDT windings are wound on
a) Steel sheets
b) Aluminium
c) Ferrite
d) Copper
Ans : (c)
20. The size of air cored transducers in comparison to the iron
core parts is
a) Smaller
b) Larger
c) Same
d) Unpredictable
Ans : (b)
21. The principle of operation of LVDT is based on the variation
of
a) Self inductance
b) Mutual inductance
c) Reluctance
d) Permanence
Ans : (b)
22. LVDT is an/a ___________ transducer
a) Magneto-strict ion
b) Inductive
c) Resistive
d) Eddy current
Ans : (d)
23. Which of the following can be measured with the help of
piezo electric crystal?
a) Force
b) Velocity
c) Sound
d) Pressure
Ans : (a)
24. S1: Transducer is a device which converts physical into
electrical quantity
S2: Transducer is also called as sensor.
a) S1 is true & S2 is false
b) S2 is true & S1 is false
c) Both S1 & S2 are true
d) Both S1 & S2 are false
Ans (b)
27. In a LVDT, the two secondary voltages
a) Are independent of the core position
b) Vary unequally depending on the core position
c) Vary equally depending on the core position
d) Are always in phase quadrature
Ans : (b)
28. Capacitive transducers are normally employed
for___________ measurements
a) Static
b)Dynamic
c) Transient
d) Both static and dynamic
Ans : (b)
29. Match the following
1. EEG A. Diagnostic tool for heart alignment
2. ECG B. Diagnostic tool for brain alignment
3. Sphygmo-manometer C. Instrument used for measuring blood
pressure
4. Stethoscope D. instrument used to hear pulse/heart beat
a) 1- B, 2 – A, 3 – C, 4 – D
b) 1 – B, 2 – A, 3 – D, 4 – C
c) 1- C, 2 – A, 3 – B, 4 – D
d) 1 – A, 2 – B, 3 – C, 4 – D
Ans : (a)
30. Pick the correct statement regarding functions of a
transducer
S1: Sense the magnitude, change in & / or frequency of same
measurand
S2: To provide electrical output that furnishes accurate,
quantitative data about the measurand
a) S1 is true & S2 is false
b) S2 is true & S1 is false
c) Both S1 & S2 are true
d) Both S1 & S2 are false
Ans : (c)
31. The transducers which requires an external power and their
output is a measure of some variation such as resistance,
inductance, capacitance etc., are called as
a) Active transducer
b) Primary sensor
c) Passive transducer
d) Self generating transducer
Ans : (c)
32. The principle of operation of variable resistance transducer is
a) Deformation leads to change in resistance
b) Displacement of a contact slider on a resistance
c) Coupling of two coils changes with displacement
d) Movement of magnetic field produces variation in resistance of material
Ans : (b)
33. The application of LVDT is
a) Joint motion
b) Finger movement
c) Limb movement
d) Heart wall motion
Ans : (c)
34. Venturi is associated with
a) Venous blood pressure
b) Digital plethysmography
c) Dialysate flow in artificial kidney
d) Blood flow in heart lung machine
Ans : (d)
35. Pressure transducer for measuring blood pressure is
a) Strain gauge transducer only
b) Strain gauge or capacitive transducer
c) Resistive transducer
d) Fiber optic transducer
Ans : (b)
36. The change in resistance of a metal wire owing to strain is
due to
S1: Change in dimension of wire expressed by factor (1-2μ)
S2: Change in resistance?
a) S1 is true & S2 is false
b) S2 is true & S1 is false
c) Both S1 & S2 are true
d) Both S1 & S2 are false
Ans : (b)
37. In foil strain gauge the thickness of foil varies from
a) 2.5 micron to 6 micron
b) 25 micron (or) less
c) 25 micron to 60 micron
d) 2.5 micron to 5 micron
Ans : (a)
38. Photo conductive cell consists of a thin film of
a) Quartz
b) Lithium sulphate
c) Barium titanate
d) Selenium
Ans : (d)
39. S1: In multimode fiber optics, intensity modulating schemes
can be employed.
S2: Schemes using polarizing techniques need birefringent fiber.
a) S1 is true and S2 is false
b) Both S1 and S2 are true
c) S1 is false and S2 is true
d) Both S1 and S2 are false
ans (b)
40. Test electrode is also known as
a) Indicator electrode
b) Reference electrode
c) Second electrode
d) Primary electrode
Ans : (a)
41. Most commonly used indicator electrode is
a) Calomel electrode
b) Silver electrode
c) Silver – Silver chloride electrode
d) Glass electrode
Ans : (d)
42. _____________ is the example of photo emissive cell
a) LDR
b) Photo diode
c) Photo transistor
d) Photo multiplier
Ans : (a)
43. pH value of venous blood is
a) 7.30
b) 7.40
c) 7.35
d) 7.45
Ans : (c)
44. Silver chloride electrode is used as a reference electrode due
to its
a) Large half cell potential
b) Stable half cell potential
c) Stable resting potential
d) Stable action potential
Ans : (b)
45. The capacitance microphone is used for the detection of
a) Heart rate
b) Blood flow
c) Heart sound
d) Foot pressure
Ans : (c)
46. In a graded index fiber, the total reflected light takes a
___________
a) Straight line path
b) Parabolic path
c) Elliptical path
d) Circular path
Ans (b)
47. ____________ fiber is used in interferometric instruments.
a) Monomode
b) Multimode
c) Birefringent
d) Coated
Ans (a)
48. Fiber optic sensor can be used to sense _________
a) Displacement
b) Power
c) Current
d) Resistance
Ans (a)
49. Photo multiplier consists of
a) 1 Photo emissive cathode & 2 dynodes
b) 2 Photo emissive cathodes & 2 dynodes
c) 2 Photo emissive cathodes & 1 dynode
d) 1 Photo emissive cathode & 1 dynode
Ans : (a)
50. The resistance of LDR ________________ when exposed
to radiant energy.
a) Remains unaltered
b) Increases
c) Reaches maximum
d) Decreases
Ans : (d)
1. The decibel is a measure of
a) Current
b) Voltage
c) Power
d) Power level
Ans : (d)
2. Power gain in decibels is equal to voltage gain in decibels only
when
a) Input impedance is equal to output impedance
b) Output impedance is zero
c) Never
d) Input impedance is zero
Ans : (a)
3. An ideal amplifier has
a) Noise figure of 0 db
b) Noise figure of more than 0 db
c) Noise factor of unity
d) Noise figure of less than 1 db
Ans : (c)
4. Fidelity represents
S1: Reproduction of signal
S2: Reproduction of phase relation
a) S1 and S2 are true
b) S1 and S2 are false
c) S1 false and S2 true
d) S1 true and S2 false
Ans : (d)
5. If the current gain of the amplifier is X, its voltage gain is Y,
then its power gain will be
a) X/Y
b) X*Y
c) X+Y
d) X-Y
Ans : (b)

6. In an amplifier, the coupling capacitors are employed for

a) Limiting the bandwidth
b) Matching the impedance
c) Preventing of Dc mixing with input or output
d) Controlling the output
Ans : (c)
7. The amplifier which has no drift is called as
a) Differential amplifier
b) DC amplifier
c) Single ended amplifier
d) Chopper amplifier
Ans : (d)
8. The amplifier gain varies with frequency. This happens mainly
due to
a) Miller effect
b) Presence of external and internal capacitance
c) Logarithmic increase in its output
d) Inter stage transformer
Ans : (b)
9. The outstanding characteristics of a D.C. amplifier is its
a) Ability to amplify Dc and low frequency signals
b) Temperature stability
c) Utmost economy
d) Avoidance of frequency sensitive components
Ans : (a)
10. Isolation amplifier actually operates on the principle of
a) Filtering
b) Attenuation
c) Clipping
d) Amplification
Ans : (b)
11. Isolation amplifiers are also called as
a) DC amplifier
b) Output amplifier
c) Inverting amplifier
d) Iso-amps
Ans : (d)
12. The improper response time of the amplifier in the
biomedical recorders
a) Affects the gain of the amplifier
b) Delays the signals
c) Changes the shape of the waveform of the signal
d) Attenuates the signals
Ans : (c)
13. To reduce common mode interference during recording of
bio signals one can use__________
a) Buffer amplifier
b) Differential amplifier
c) Single ended amplifier
d) Chopper amplifier
Ans : (b)
14. Resistively generated inference arises through incorrect
__________________
a) Grounding
b) Current density at the electrodes
c) Supply voltage
d) Input impedance
Ans : (a)
15. CMRR is more in_______________
a) Single ended amplifier
b) Differential amplifier
c) Inverting operational amplifier
d) Chopper amplifier
Ans : (b)
16. For biomedical applications the mostly used amplifier is
a)Single ended amplifier
b) Differential amplifier
c) Inverting operational amplifier
d) Chopper amplifier
Ans : (b)

17. ___________ amplifier is used to drive the recorder.

a) Power amplifier
b) Pre amplifier
c) Operational amplifier
d) Differential amplifier
Ans : (a)
18. When a number of components are fabricated on same IC
chip it is necessary to provide isolation between two different
components for input interconnection is called __________
a) Input amplification
b) Input differentiation
c) Common mode rejection
d) Input isolation
Ans : (d)
19. A chopper amplifier
a) Converts AC signal from low frequency to high frequency
b) Converts DC signal from low frequency to high frequency
c) Converts AC signal from low frequency to DC high frequency
d) Converts DC signal from low frequency to high frequency
Ans : (b)
20. Power amplifier is provided with
S1: Cross over distortion compensation
S2: Offset control
a) S1 is true & S2 is false
b) S2 is true & S1 is false
c) Both S1 & S2 are true
d) Both S1 & S2 are false
Ans : (c)
21. Pre amplifier isolation in ECG circuit is to
a) Increase input impedance
b) Decrease input impedance
c) Increase output impedance
d) Decrease output impedance
Ans : (a)
22. Raising input impedance of pre amplifier reduces
a) Input current
b) Output current
c) Stray current
d) Grid current
Ans : (c)
23. Common mode rejection ratio is defined as ratio of
a) Common mode gain to differential mode gain
b) Differential mode gain to common mode gain
c) Common mode gain at input to differential mode gain at input
d) Common mode gain at output to differential mode gain at output
Ans : (b)
24. An electrometer amplifier has high input impedance of
a) 1010?
b) 105?
c) 1020?
d) 1015?
Ans(d)
25. When the input of differential amplifier V1 = 0, then the
differential amplifier is said to be operated in
a) Common mode
b) Differential mode
c) Non inverting mode
d) Inverting mode
Ans : (c)
26. When either one of the inputs to the differential amplifier is
equal to zero then it is said to be operated in
a) Single ended mode
b) Differential mode
c) Non inverting mode
d) Inverting mode
Ans : (a)
27. The negative feedback in an amplifier
a) Reduces voltage gain
b) Increases the voltage gain
c) Increases the gain band width product
d) Reduces the input impedances
Ans : (a)
28. Feedback in an amplifier always helps in
a) Increasing its input impedance
b) Increasing its gain
c) Controlling its output
d) Stabilizes its gain
Ans : (c)
29. Using mechanical chopper we cannot achieve high chopping
rates due to their
a) Input impedance
b) Output impedance
c) Response time
d) Inertia
Ans : (d)
30. The CMRR of a typical IC OPAMP is
a) 70 dB
b) 80 dB
c) 85 dB
d) 75 dB
Ans : (b)
31. A ————– is usually a display device used to produce a paper
record of analog wave form.
a) Graphic pen recorder
b) Electron microscope
c) X-Y recorder
d) Oscilloscope
Ans : (a)
32. The _________ of a recording system is the magnitude of
input voltage required to produce a standard deflection in a
recorded trace.
a) Accuracy
b) Linearity
c) Sensitivity
d) Resolution
Ans : (c)
33. A recorder is said to have good frequency response when the
sensitivity of the system is _________ for all frequencies present
in the signal.
a) Unity
b) Zero
c) Infinity
d) Constant
Ans : (d)

34. In phase response of a recorder noise level ___________

with the band width of a system
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Reaches unity
d) Reaches infinity
Ans : (a)
35. Function of microscope is
S1: To magnify object, under observation
S2: To resolve the object
a) S1 is true & S2 is false
b) S2 is true & S1 is false
c) Both S1 & S2 are true
d) Both S1 & S2 are false
Ans : (c)
36. In electron microscope the projection of the motion on a
plane normal to magnetic induction (B) will be a circle of radius
(r) =
a) mVsin?+eB
b) mVsin?/eB
c) mVsin?-eB
d) mVsin?*eB
Ans : (b)
37. Match the following
1. Electron microscope – (A) Electron gun
2. Oscilloscope – (B) Condensing magnetic lens
3. Galvanometric recorder – (C) Recording head
4. Magnetic recorder – (D) Drive motor
a) 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D
b) 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A
c) 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C
d) 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B
Ans : (c)
38. In PMMC writing system, the magnitude of pen deflection is
proportional to
S1: Current flowing through the coil
S2: Voltage in the coil
a) S1 is true & S2 is false
b) S2 is true & S1 is false
c) Both S1 & S2 are true
d) Both S1 & S2 are false
Ans : (a)
39. Duration of rotation of pen in the PMMC system depends
upon ___________
a) Phase angle
b) Frequency
c) Magnitude
d) Direction
Ans : (d)
40. The shorter wave length of the electron permits the detailed
examination of tiny objects due to reduction of ___________
effects
a) Reflection
b) Diffraction
c) Refraction
d) Polarization
Ans(b)
41. Which of the following recorder gives slow response
a) X-Y recorder
b) Oscillographic
c) Galvanometric
d) Magnetic
Ans : (c)
42. The use of storage oscilloscope
S1: Viewing rapidly changing non repetitive wave forms
S2: Recording average values
a) S1 is true & S2 is false
b) S2 is true & S1 is false
c) Both S1 & S2 are true
d) Both S1 & S2 are false
Ans : (b)
43. In X-Y recorders, the self balancing potentiometers plot emf
as a function of
a) Another emf
b) Frequency
c) Time
d) Pressure
Ans : (a)
44. In strip chart recorders, the self balancing potentiometers
plot emf as a function of
a) Another emf
b) Frequency
c) Time
d) Pressure
Ans : (c)
45. The slewing speed of X-Y recorder is
a) 1.6 m/s
b) 1.3 m/s
c) 1.4 m/s
d) 1.5 m/s
Ans : (d)
46. The resolution limit of electron microscope is
a) 2 A.V
b) 1 A.V
c) 1.5 A.V
d) 1.2 A.V
Ans : (b)
47. _____________ is also known as halftone storage or mersh
storage.
a) Variable persistence storage
b) Bistable storage
c) Flat storage
d) CRT
Ans : (a)
48. Storage oscilloscope operates on the principle of
a) Primary emission
b) Deflection
c) Secondary emission
d) Diffusion
Ans : (c)
49. The writing speed of fast storage oscilloscope is
a) 2000 cm/?s
b) 1000 cm/?s
c)1500 cm/?s
d) 2500 cm/?s
Ans : (a)
50. Stress and strain curves are plotted using
a) Magnetic tape recording
b) X-Y recording
c) Galvanometric
d) PMMC writing systems
Ans : (b)
 
1. Which of the following is a desirable characteristic of an
instrument?
A) High fidelity
B) Poor reproducibility
C) High drift
D) High-temperature lag
Ans: A
2. Offset
A) Does not vary with time
B) Varies exponentially with time
C) Varies as square of the time
D) varies with time
Ans: A
3. Cascade control is
A) Used when changes in process conditions cause serious upsets in
controlled variable
B) Useful to control flow from temperature
C) The continuous adjustment of the set point index of an automatic
control loop by 2 primary (master) controller
D) all of the answers
Ans: D
4. Which of the following controllers has the least maximum
deviation?
A) P controller
B) PI controller
C) PID controller
D) PD controller
Ans: D
5. The flow rate through an orifice is
A) proportional to the square root of pressure differential
B) inversely proportional to the square root of pressure differential
C) proportional to the pressure differential
D) inversely proportional to the square root of pressure differential
Ans: A
5. The flow rate of a liquid containing heavy solids (e.g. sand)
can be best measured by
A) Rotameter
B) Pitot tube
C) Concentric orifice
D) Eccentric orifice
Ans: D

7. Thermal wells are used in temperature measurement to

A) Reduce measuring lag
B) Increase the fidelity
C) Guard against corrosive and oxidizing action on thermocouple materials
D) Increase the sensitivity
Ans: C
8. E.m.f generated by thermocouples is of the order of
A) bi-metallic thermometer
B) volts
C) millivolts
D) microvolts
Ans: C
9. Interfacial level in the pressure vessel is measured by
A) Bourdon gauge
B) Float
C) U-tube manometer
D) Manometers of float type
Ans: D
10. Pick out the most suitable instrument for measuring
temperature in the range of – 40 to 800°F.
A) None of the answers
B) Mercury thermometer
C) Bimetallic thermometer
D) Radiation Pyrometer
Ans(c)
  
11. Measurement of pressure in the ammonia reactor is done by
A) Pirani gauge
B) Bourdon gauge
C) U-tube manometer
D) Inclined tube manometer
Ans: B
12. The mode used for transmitting signal for one-kilometer
distance is
A) all of the answers
B) electronic
C) pneumatic
D) hydraulic
Ans: B
13. Bode stability method uses  
A) either open-loop transfer function or closed-loop transfer function
B) closed-loop transfer function
C) open-loop transfer function
D) neither open-loop transfer function nor closed-loop transfer function
Ans: C
14. Weir valve is used for
A) acids
B) neutral solutions
C) bases
D) Slurries
Ans: D
15. A simple pitot tube measures
A) point velocity
B) maximum velocity
C) average velocity
D) static pressure
Ans: D

16. The final control element is a

A) signal
B) valve
C) switch
D) both valve & switch
Ans: B
17. On-off control
A) all of the answers
B) Is a two-position (fully open or fully closed) control adequate to control a
process with slow reaction rate and minimum dead time or transfer lag.
C) fully closes the final control element when the measured variable is
above the setpoint
D) fully opens the final control element when the measured variable is
below the setpoint
Ans: B
18. V-notch is used to measure the flow rate of a liquid in
A) vertical pipeline
B) a non-circular cross-section closed channel
C) an open channel
D) horizontal pipeline
Ans: C
18. V-notch is used to measure of a liquid
a) pressure
b) discharge
c) velocity
d)volume
Ans:b
19. Process degrees of freedom
A) Gives no idea of controllers
B) Indicates the minimum number of the controller to be used
C) Indicates the maximum number of the controller to be used
D) determines the both maximum and minimum number of controllers to
be used
(c)
20. What is the Laplace transform of sint?  
A) 1/S2+1
B) S/1+S2
C) 1/S2-1
D) S/S2-1
Ans: A
21. In an exothermic chemical reactor, the manipulated variable
is the flow rate of
A) product
B) hot fluid
C) coolant
D) reactant
Ans: C
22. Pick out the first-order system from among the following
A) mercury in glass thermometer kept in boiling water
B) non-interacting system of two tanks in series
C) damped vibrator
D) interacting system of two tanks in series
Ans: A
23. Thermocouple is suitable for measuring
A) Both high and low temperatures
B) Very low temperatures only
C) Very high temperatures only
D) Liquid temperatures only
Ans: A
24. Flapper nozzle is a
A) Pneumatic controller
B) Hydraulic controller
C) Electronic controller
D) Both the pneumatic controller and a hydraulic controller
Ans: A
25. Optimal activity of a solution can be determined using a
A) dilatometer
B) polar graph
C) Polarimeter
D) Refractometer
Ans: C
26. The symbol for “capillary line” in instrumentation diagram is

Ans: C
27. pH meter has
A) two cells
B) no cell
C) three cells
D) one cell
Ans: A
28. Psychrometer determines
A) moisture content of solids
B) hygroscopic nature of solids
C) humidity of gases
D) water of crystallization
Ans(c)
29. Laplace transform method is used for
A) Both linear behavior and non-linear behavior
B) Linear behavior
C) Neither linear behavior nor non-linear behavior
D) Non-linear behavior
Ans: B
30. A controller action in which there is a continuous relation
between the value of the controlled variable and the value of the
output signal of the controller is called
A) proportional action
B) derivative action
C) integral action
D) proportional-derivative action
Ans: A
31. Continuous measurement of specific gravity of a liquid is
done by
A) both hydrometer & displacement meter
B) contact-type electric indicators
C) displacement meter
D) hydrometer
Ans: A
32. The pressure of 0.01 psi (absolute) can be measured by
A) Bourdon gauge
B) Pirani gauge
C) Ionization gauge
D) Mcleod gauge
Ans: D
33. Nichel’s chart deals with
A) A.R. vs. phase lag of first order
B) closed loop values vs. open loop value
C) frequency response values of controllers
D) A.R. vs. phase lag of second order
Ans: B

34. The transfer function of the first order system is  

A) 1/Ts
B) S/(Ts+1)
C) 1/S
D) 1/(Ts+1)
Ans: D
35. Gas analysis is commonly done using
A) X-ray diffraction
B) mass spectrometer
C) emission spectrometer
D) thermal conductivity cell
Ans: D
36. The critically damped system means that the damping
coefficient is
A) <1
B) 1
C) >1 D) 0
Ans: B
37. Stalagmometer is used for the measurement of
A) surface tension
B) optical activity
C) refractive index
D) kinematic viscosity
Ans: A
38. Use of I-control along with P-control facilities.
A) reduction of stability time
B) both reduction of offset & reduction of stability time
C) elimination of offset
D) reduction of offset
Ans: C
39. The steady-state ratio of the change of proportional controller
output variable and the change in the actuating signal is called
A) reset rate
B) integral action
C) proportional sensitivity
D) rangeability
Ans: C
40. Cascade control means
A) one feed-back loop
B) feedforward control
C) on-off control
D) more than one feedback loop
Ans: D
41. Use of pilot in transmission (pneumatic) is to
A) change the flow of air
B) adjust the signal
C) all of the answers
D) speed up signal
Ans: A
42. The pressure of 0.0001 absolute psi can be measured by
A) Mcleod gauge
B) Bourdon gauge
C) Thermocouple gauge
D) Pirani gauge
Ans: A
43. The degree to which an instrument indicates the changes in a
measured variable without dynamic error is called
A) speed of response
B) fidelity
C) its static characteristics
D) reproducibility of instrument
Ans: B
44. Minute depression of freezing point of a liquid solvent or
addition of a solid solute can be best measured by
A) Beckman thermometer
B) mercury thermometer
C) dilatometer
D) bimetallic thermometer
Ans: A
45. Phase lag of the sinusoidal response of a first-order system is
A) 120°
B) 90°
C) 30°
D) 180°
Ans: B
46. The valve used to supply oil to the burner is
A) gate valve
B) both gate valve and butterfly valve
C) butterfly valve
D) rotary plug valve
Ans: D
47. The frequency at which the maximum amplitude ratio is
attained is called
A) Corner frequency
B) Natural frequency
C) cross-over frequency
D) Resonant frequency
 

Ans: D
48. Continuous measurement of flow rates of dry granular
fertilizer is done using
A) area-meters
B) velocity meters
C) anemometer
D) weighing meters
Ans: D
49. Pick out the symbol for “locally mounted instrument” in
instrumentation diagram

Ans: A
50. The difference at any instant between the value of the
controlled variable and the setpoint is called
A) differential gap
B) deviation
C) derivative time
D) error ratio
Ans: B
51. “A control system is unstable if the open-loop frequency
response exhibits an amplitude ratio exceeding unity at the
cross-over frequency.” This is
A) Routh stability criterion
B) Bode stability criterion
C) Nyquist criterion
D) both Nyquist criterion & Routh stability criterion
Ans: B

52. The resistance of a gas in a vessel is

Ans: C
53. A rotameter
A) is inaccurate for low flow rates
B) incurs constant but very large permanent pressure drop
C) incurs constant and small permanent pressure drop
D) need not be mounted always vertically
Ans: C
54. Conversion formula for converting amplitude ratio (AR) into
decibels is
A) Decibel=20 log e(AR)
B) Decibel=20 log10 (AR)0.5
C) Decibel=20 log10 (AR)
D) Decibel = log10 (AR)
Ans: C
55. Which of the following relates the absorption and evolution
of heat at the junctions of a thermocouple to the current flow in
the circuit?
A) Seebeck effect
B) Peltier effect
C) Thomson effect
D) Joule heating effect
Ans: B
56. The dilatometer is used to measure
A) contraction/expansion due to changes in temperature
B) deflection
C) stress
D) strain
Ans: A
57. Hot wire anemometer is used for the measurement of
A) very high temperature
B) thermal conductivity of gases
C) flow rates of fluid
D) flow rates of granular solids
Ans: C
58. Starting temperature of optical radiation pyrometer is
A) 800°C
B) 1200°C
C) 1500°C
D) 400°C
Ans: A  
59. In the case of flow measurement by an orifice, the pressure
difference signal is proportional to  
A) Q2
B) 1/√Q
C) Q3
D) Q
Ans: A
60. Radiation pyrometers
A) cannot measure the temperature of objects without making physical
contact
B) none of the answers
C) need not “see” the temperature source; it is measuring
D) have very low speed of response
Ans: B
61. A barometer measures
A) dynamic pressure
B) both absolute and gauge pressure
C) gauge pressure
D) absolute pressure  
Ans: D
62. A controller action in which there is a continuous linear
relation between the value of the controlled variable and rate of
change of controlled output signal is called
A) derivative action
B) proportional action
C) proportional-integral action
D) integral action
Ans: D
63. Phase plane method is used for
A) Both linear-behavior & non-linear behavior
B) linear-behavior
C) Neither linear-behavior nor non-linear behavior
D) Non-linear behavior
Ans: D
64. The fluid used in hydraulic controller is
A) water
B) air
C)Steam
D)Oil
Ans: D
65. Floating control action
A) Both changes the position of the final control element from on to off & is
used to counteract rapid load changes
B) Changes the position of the final control element from on to off
C) Is used to counteract rapid load changes
D) Moves the final control element at constant speed in either direction in
response to an error signal
Ans: D
66. Orifice plates for flow measurement
A) incurs very low permanent pressure loss
B) can’t be easily interchanged
C) is best for very large liquid flows and big pipelines
D) has poor accuracy on high orifice ratios (above 0.75) 
Ans: D
67. What is the ratio of output amplitude to input amplitude for a
sinusoidal forcing function in a first-order system?
A) 1
B) none of the answers
C) <1
D) >1
Ans: C
68. Bode diagram is a plot of
A) log (AR) vs. f and log Φ vs.
B) AR vs.log (f) and Φ vs. log (f)
C) log (AR) vs. log (f) and Φ vs. log (f)
D) log (AR) vs. log f
Ans: C
69. Typical specifications for design stipulates the gain margin
and phase margin to be respectively
A) <1.7 and < 30°
B) > 1.7 and > 30°
C) >1.7 and < 30°
D) < 1.7 and > 30°
Ans: B
70. Which of the following shows maximum dip affect (indicating
reverse direction of temperature change)?
A) bimetallic thermometer
B) mercury thermometer
C) thermocouple
D) radiation pyrometer
Ans: B
71. In Bode stability criterion, the amplitude ratio at 180° should
be 
A) 1
B) >1
C) 0
D) <1
Ans: D
72. For measuring the temperature of a furnace, which is the most
suitable instrument?
A) Thermocouple
B) Platinum resistance thermometer
C) Optical pyrometer
D) Bimetallic thermometer
Ans: C
73. A negative gain margin expressed in decibels means
A) both a stable system & critically damped system
B) a stable system
C) unstable system
D) critically damped system
Ans: C
74. The time difference by which the output of a P-D controller
leads the input when the input changes linearly with time is called
A) Derivative time
B) Error ratio
C) Gain
D) Proportional sensitivity
Ans: A
75. Thermocouples
A) has a very slow speed of response
B) can’t be connected to the measuring instrument remotely located
C) need cold junction compensation
D) are much less accurate compared to bimetallic or vapor pressure
thermometer
Ans: C
76. Which of the following is suitable for measuring the
temperature of a red hot moving object (e.g. steel ingots on roller
table)?
A) thermocouple
B) radiation pyrometer
C) radiograph
D) thermistor
Ans: B
77. Regulator problem means that
A) both setpoint and load are constant
B) load is constant
C) set point is constant
D) neither set point nor load is constant
Ans: C
78. The gain margin is equal to the
A) reciprocal of amplitude ratio
B) amplitude ratio
C) gain in controller
D) gain in controller
Ans: A
79. The level of a liquid under pressure can be determined using
A) diaphragm box system
B) air-trap system
C) bubbler system
D) differential pressure manometer
Ans: D
80. The Pitot tube is used
A) For highly accurate flow measurement
B) Both for highly accurate flow measurement & when the line is large and
the velocity is high
C) When the line is large and the velocity is high
D) when the fluid contains a lot of suspended material
Ans: C
81. Number of poles in a system with transfer function is  
1 / ( S2 + 2S2 +1 )
A) 3
B) 2
C) 5
D) 1
Ans: A
82. Routh stability method uses
A) Either Open loop transfer function or closed-loop transfer function
B) Open-loop transfer function
C) neither Open loop transfer function nor closed-loop transfer function
D) closed-loop transfer function
Ans: D
83. Which of the following is not a head flowmeter?
A) segmental orifice plate
b) pitot tube
C) rotameter
D) flow nozzle
Ans:C
84. Steady state deviation resulting from a change in the value of
the load variable is
A) offset
B) deviation
C) static ratio
D) error ratio
Ans: A
85. A system with a transfer function 2s/(4s+1)
A) zero order
B) 1st order
C) 2nd order
D) 3rd order
Ans: B
86. Flow rate of sludge is measured by
A) Kennison nozzle
B) circular pipe
C) V-notch
D) rectangular notch
Ans: A

87. Which is the symbol for “pneumatic control valve”

  
Ans: D
88. Selection of material for thermocouple depends on the
A) minimum and maximum temperature
B) both depth of immersion in the hot fluid and minimum and maximum
temperature
C) depth of immersion in the hot fluid
D) pressure and velocity condition of the fluid whose temperature is to be
measured
Ans: A
89. Phase margin is equal to
A) phase lag + 180°
B) phase lag – 180°
C) 180° – phase lag
D) phase lag – 90°
Ans: C
90. Thermistor is a
A) semiconductor whose resistance decreases with temperature rise
B) metal whose resistance does not vary with temperature
C) metal whose resistance increases linearly with temperature rise
D) device for measuring nuclear radiation
Ans: A
91. In an area meter (e.g. rotameter), the flow rate is
A) Inferred from the change in flow cross-section across which the pressure
differential is zero
B) Proportional to the square root of the differential pressure
C) all of the answers
D) Inferred from the change in the area of an orifice in the flow line across
which the pressure differential is constant zero
Ans:D
92. Composition of natural gas can be determined by  
A) orsat apparatus
B) spectrometer
C) chromatograph
D) photometer
Ans: C
93. Instrumentation in a plant offers the advantage of
A) better quality of product
B) all of the answers
C) greater safety of operation
D) greater operation economy
Ans: B
94. Which of the following flow-metering instruments is an area
meter?
A) rotameter
B) hot wire anemometer
C) pitot tube
D) venturi meter
Ans: A
95. Measurement of sub-zero Celsius temperature in the
industry is done by
A) bi-metallic thermometer
B) resistance thermometers
C) gas thermometer
D) thermocouples
Ans: B
96. Pirani gauge is used for
A) measurement of very high pressure
B) liquid level under pressure
C) liquid level at atmospheric pressure
D) measurement of high vacuum
Ans: D
97. The response of a system to a sinusoidal input called
A) impulse response
B) step response
C) unit step response
D) frequency response
Ans: D
98. Which of the following factors does not influence
measurement accuracy?
A) none of the answers
B) dead zone
C) reproducibility
D) static and dynamic error
Ans: D
99. Bellows are made of
A) thin copper
B) plastic
C) leather
D) paper
Ans: A
100. Which of the following controllers has maximum offset?
A) PI controller
B) P-controller
C) PD controller
D) PID controller
Ans: B
101. P-I controller as compared to P-controller has a
A)all of the answers
B) higher maximum deviation
C) longer response time
D) longer period of oscillation
Ans: A
102. Maximum differential pressure in liquid manometer is
A) 40 psi
B) 50 psi
C) 30 psi
D) 20 psi
Ans: C
103. Continuous measurement of moisture in paper is done by
A) hair-hygrometer
B) high resistance, Wheatstone’s bridge circuit
C) weighing
D) sling psychrometer
Ans: B

104. Phase lag of the first-order system is

A) tan-1 (ω)
B) 0
C) tan-1 (ωT)
D) π/2
Ans: C
105. The time required for the output of a first-order system to
change from a given value to within 36.8% of the final value when
a step change of input is made is/ called
A) setting time
B) rise time
C) time constant
D) derivative time
Ans: C
106. Example of a second-order instrument is a
A) bare mercury-glass thermometer
B) pressure gauge
C) Bourdon gauge
D) mercury-glass thermometer with covering
Ans: D
107. Servo problem means that
A) both setpoint is constant & load is constant
B) neither setpoint is constant nor load is constant
C) setpoint is constant
D) load is constant
Ans: D
108. Continuous measurement of moisture content of paper in
paper industry is done by measuring
A) both electrical resistance through the paper & magnetic susceptibility
B) thermal conductivity through the paper
C) magnetic susceptibility
D) electrical resistance through the paper
Ans: D
109. Stroboscope is used for the measurement of
A) liquid level under pressure
B) depression of freezing point
C) frequency of light
D) rpm of a flywheel
Ans: D
110. Which thermocouple can be used to measure the
temperature around 1400 °C?
A) copper-aluminum
B) copper-constantan
C) platinum-platinum+rhodium
D) aluminum-chromel
Ans: C