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Fuzzy L5-MF

The document discusses membership functions in fuzzy logic. Membership functions represent the degree of truth or membership of an element to a fuzzy set. Different types of membership functions are discussed including triangular, trapezoidal, Gaussian, generalized bell, and sigmoid functions. The shapes and parameters of these common membership functions are described.

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19BEE053, MD SHAHID ANSARI
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57 views22 pages

Fuzzy L5-MF

The document discusses membership functions in fuzzy logic. Membership functions represent the degree of truth or membership of an element to a fuzzy set. Different types of membership functions are discussed including triangular, trapezoidal, Gaussian, generalized bell, and sigmoid functions. The shapes and parameters of these common membership functions are described.

Uploaded by

19BEE053, MD SHAHID ANSARI
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MEMBERSHIP FUNCTIONS

Dr. Zaheeruddin
Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
New Delhi, India

Email: [email protected]
Mobile: 9910170032
Membership Functions
§ The membership function of a fuzzy set is a generalization of
characteristic function in classical sets.
§ In fuzzy logic, it represents the degree of truth as an extension
of valuation.
§ Degrees of truth are often confused with probabilities,
although they are conceptually distinct, because fuzzy truth
represents membership in vaguely defined sets, not likelihood
of some event or condition.
§ Membership functions were introduced by Zadeh in the first
paper on fuzzy sets (1965).
Characteristic Function (Set as a function)
l So we can now define a special function (called
Characteristic Function) to represent the Set. This function
f from A to B (f : A àB) assigns to each element a of A, a
unique element f (a) in B (i.e., either ‘0’ or ‘1’).

l Let X be the universe of discourse and A is any set. So


each element x of A has its membership value from
X:®{0,1}. It is conventionally denoted as
1, if xÎA
fA(x): X à {0,1}, where fA(x) =
0, if xÏA
Membership Function
l In fuzzy sets, Each element partially belongs to the set.
l A fuzzy set is defined by a functions that maps objects in
a domain of concern into their membership value in a set.
Such a function is called the membership function.
l In other words, we can say that membership function is a
graphical description that expresses how the transition
from one to another takes place.
l The members of a fuzzy set are members to some
degree, known as a membership grade or degree of
membership.
Membership Function
l The partial belongingness is expressed by the
membership function of the fuzzy set.
l Let X be the universe of discourse and A is any fuzzy
set. So each element x of A has its membership value
from U:®[0,1]. It is denoted as
µA(x):X à [0,1],
where µA(x) is a grade (degree) of membership of x in
set A.
µA(x) = 1, if x is totally in A;
µA(x) = 0, if x is not in A;
0 < µA(x) < 1, if x is partly in A
Note : since {0,1}Î[0,1]
all crisp sets are fuzzy sets
Fuzzy Sets

Sets with fuzzy boundaries


A = Set of tall people > 5’10”

Crisp set A Fuzzy set A


1.0 1.0
0.9
Membership
0.5
function

5’10’’ Heights 5’10’’ 6’2’’ Heights


Classical tall men example.
l Crisp and fuzzy sets of tall men
Fuzzy Sets
Formal definition:
A fuzzy set A in X is expressed as a set of ordered pairs:

A = {( x, µ A ( x )) | x Î X , µ A ( x ) Î [0,1]}
Membership Universe or
Fuzzy set
function universe of discourse
(MF)

A fuzzy set is totally characterized by a


membership function (MF).
Alternative Notation: Fuzzy Sets

A fuzzy set A can be alternatively denoted as follows:

X is discrete
A= åµ
xi ÎX
A ( xi ) / xi

X is continuous A = ò µ A( x) / x
X

Note that S and integral signs stand for the union of


membership grades; “/” stands for a marker and does
not imply division.
Alternative Notation: Fuzzy Sets
For the member, x, of a discrete set with membership µ we
use the notation µ/x . In other words, x is a member of the
set to degree µ. Discrete sets are written as:
A = µ1/x1 + µ2/x2 + .......... + µn/xn

where x1, x2....xn are members of the set A and µ1, µ2, ....,
µn are their degrees of membership. A continuous fuzzy
set A is written as:
Fuzzy (sub-)sets: Membership Functions

For the sake of convenience, usually a fuzzy set


is denoted as:
A = µA(xi)/xi + …………. + µA(xn)/xn
that belongs to a finite universe of discourse:
Where µA(xi)/xi (a singleton) is a pair “grade
of membership element”.
Types of Membership Functions
The most popular membership functions used in fuzzy logic
are:
1) Triangular Membership function
2) Trapezoidal MF
3) Gaussian MF
4) Generalized bell MF
5) Sigmoid membership function
Figure: Various type of Fuzzy membership functions
1. Triangular Membership function
§ Let a, b and c represent the x coordinates of the three vertices
of µA(x) in a fuzzy set A.
§ a is the lower boundary and c is the upper boundary where
membership degree is zero
§ b is the centre where membership is 1

Figure: Triangular membership function


2. Trapezoidal membership function:
Let a, b, c and d represents the x coordinates of the
membership function. then

Figure: Trapezoidal membership function


3. Gaussian membership function:
The Gaussian membership function is usually represented as
Gaussian(x: c, s) where c, s represents the mean and standard
deviation.

Here c represents centre, s represents width and m represents


fuzzification factor.

Figure: Different shapes of Gaussian MFs with different values of s and m.


Generalized Bell membership function:
A generalized bell membership function has three parameters: a –
responsible for its width, c – responsible for its center and b –
responsible for its slopes. Mathematically,

Figure: Generalized Bell Shaped membership function


Effect of different parameters on the shape of membership function

Figure: Different shapes of Gaussian MFs with different values of s and m.


Sigmoid Membership function
A sigmoidal membership function has two parameters: a
responsible for its slope at the crossover point x = c. The
membership function of the sigmoid function can be
represented as Sigmf (x: a, c) and it is

Figure 3.6: A general structures of sigmoid MF.


Sigmoid Membership function
§ A sigmoidal MF is inherently open right or left and thus,
it is appropriate for representing concepts such as “very
large” or “very negative”.
§ Sigmoidal MF mostly used as activation function of
artificial neural networks (NN).
§ A NN should synthesize a close MF in order to simulate
the behavior of a fuzzy inference system.
Membership Function (MF) Formulation

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