3 0August, 2012

Bibslar JuncHion ransistor

P--transistor in active mode

Jc
Ie -Tpe+INE Ipe Minomti.
Canier injecten_S
hotes
NE Tra
uim
fco IpcotLNc Mayoril Camier nje YEB>0
(Pt
) - large aignal urent g n
valid only tor active FFenE. regim)
or C emHguraion

fE 1TE (IE,lp ,le all +ve wth thu direchon)

P-n-P

cte TeTe
I ,Te,Tc a +ve his digeckon

-n
YcE
Yee+ e o.

(Vee-Vee, Yec = -Vce ; Ven= - Vec

NE
 (Eer f o l )
Common Emitley (mmon C.tlcetrr
Cmmgn
) Input Temina E
)Otput Teminal C C
) Common Temin E C
) Oyvent Gain, Az high (mederate) Very hih. Ve isuo (<1)
Vettage Sain, Av high (moterate). very lsuw (<1)
) Inbt Resittance, Ri htph (meckrate) ve high Yery 0 s
utput Resutance, R hig mocderate) Yen bouo
very hh
Pouer am Highest Moderate Mocerat
Ap Av Ar)
180
Phase Shit
) Normally wed as Amptiker: in mulHsta ufer (vcltoge) igh freg aliati
Bupfer (uret)

Earpect/ease widh Modulkon

e Phasicat bose vidl lhen Celech Aunc RO-

e feci've base cuiolh = w w

v
deplehon wialh.
Nsl

A IVeel Je besme move RB and e theeore TeLorvbinahan

and hence le d and 1
NA>N

P n n

-
 P

o
d
Pno Nou, duu to earp.
eet y and.

e w 1 When.ee
then he mditton is called

reach Rrough raneh Aresgr

Te wu ve Jage
bae uid
The vaatien eeutve bate wid wth IVcel alled
modulation o e t et. This reults in totlowing
chance ecsmbirnaton in Bose T as edtve bee
her i les
tauing a n cstector uret Ie.
widkireduces. TheseJoe,
Camies in base repio) alsa
) Cnc 9radicat o neted hotes miniby
uneted
du to reduced boae wid Smu diPusion Curreni4 ed
pafona to cane odient E ako 1.

efeiive boue snd

R to 0
may be.edued
t lge value
Cauinaexherylonge I
ot Ve Thu Tesult in breakdoun stmsistor
and u Cailad unch througk m reach u

Input and utput Characristics

Cotmmen Boue snH9raion

choraaenistbe KeVe
RE VE tf
Ven
Vee= (e, Ve)
P chaatdenktic
Ic f(1e, Vs)
 S a r o t o n R g e

Te
Acttre Regis-
Butpat eharacknsue 3omA
IcfetIco
CutRegin- 20mA
Te 26m

kStle-le Ip-Tco 10mA

Active Reion 2

Nouo, a IVeal, Junchom moxe R.

Cutot regn)
NouO
1 du to ey etec. (bu he qfeek ju veàmall).
I n ths region, le « le anol is almos cmskant ot Vce voiaion , ence
tansiatr th Ris Csntig. Can be sed au CCCS

3)Saturatien Regisn
VcB tve : Smce Catleekor um"

le amgst cmstamt henc , Ve1 (+ve valun) wil and henca l

deueoLe0 Vce rards +ve vabua.-tor. t o n t p ureat.-
Vce-Nee tTP
heR.+en re-a from irtuit VeVeet+IR
e 1 . , then Tet. R Vee wd_movetuards +ue .
When ITRe> IYccl,*hen. Vce
Aer thi,
when I 1,. 1.t > Vee 1 a T' and T= -T cmstanE
hun ca uTrent i l not change e r thii and he transiut wl

move into satur aluon.

Inpodant Prinks
(ulot Regian beloas Je =o.
almrs
Actie Ie riepercent o lloge Vee.
p thoracenkhie f e called. Consjomtcnrct charufersfie. .
a CCcS.
 and alove Ie co,
The egion lof tn Veg =0
- Satuvalion tho holso om p pfe caaur
A: the colector fu direttin
a cunentT in a

toondstyfe se ond cmstitulr

tota
dincehon o +T for ta valuu of +Venlasge ahor in
Even

ehamclerichcs tall totond a Vce mode Me t.Msre+ve

place and
eeh become -V¬
Sinu T 1 cxfmentiall c moy

Iput Chatackeristiu - , Ves

Vea

EE (l6, Vea).
Movn lefwmds coen
Similar t. durda
Whun Vea a , . , C>0C dut to eay fkt Fe thore.))

4hen tharc wU be smilar to oltbde

Lihon Vcs= 0, J= slgk R
Du to
ealy effect, Te 1 more vapiolly
Nea, As Vee t, mare enrty fesh Ve Copen
VE
Ve
Dua t ecmy ekeh

L)CoMmCN EMnTER CONH URAT ION

p charc
Yeg f, In,Vee)
p chare ce
. VeE Vec
e 4 . (T, Vee).

T le+Lco
= (1 Te) + Jo

-d) 1-
 Í (nA)

netive - -

8utbut Chavaceristie
hctive Rem
02
-VceVce = Ye-V= Ve uft N

As Vce T Ve t J more RB idh 4

Nou 0 99 o98S
49 6 341 cant be negtscked
Ureot aain is hgh, ke,. Small change in lg Tesulb in arge change in le

Cutoegm hon
When Te=0, (p+1)l0o
=(pt) Tet Teo and tronsitor 4 nst in cudt o
|Toeo =(P+Dep Tco
-
TeED e o , P>>1.

-Nou t le =lco; should be

When le-0 TesTcao fe

Te ED Vee TE.20

he Tc in a heico! (veal¥ non-idcalisad devica ven Te o i dujanakd.

- ymbs{. Ieso.
Cut i deined o4 a cmdihon herc T= leo and 9e-0. h _oroer to
tutr tromsistr , àt a mot ensug to rekute Ip to0, ng4cad it
TeLAAs0y t R he emikter fun syhtly ie, ee - Ve.
VeE 0:1 for 6e 0.0orS.
he attiol Tc wR colleakr ureh Ro & bose. o.c
daigmaked b
&ymbo ICED
BO recrse colector Sacturatto curn
 co
Tuo factos Coooeroe to ake I¢ao larger thon
thnth fune), bw
a) There exisf a loakage ument which ftours nf
aund t and #rttgts surtocas and i » vstage a s the
tuneh,
Neuo carier may be tnesaled by astlison tn J kansihon rcgts5
Lsadirg o ayalanhe muttiplicati om urment
Ice = A or Ge
Iceo
nA for
Lev apprumalely.. doukes eery lo rise em or bok Ge l-s
in
and
ned can be ued uto about 26C ano Ge upto ab6ut nc.

3 August,2012
Je F

aturation-

JE FB, JeFB
et70 Vee
Te- 1 Mee = Vee -leR (pomekh)
than JeT anod Vte
Ahen VBE 08V
,thon e T duu to bame Dauwerng
Yee.= O:2V dnd s Cmstant. rtfher. 1 in Vge
When
VceVCEsat =0:2
Je
csa
-

Vee -Vcesat
Rc

Ned Yee tVes + Vec 09 VcE-Yee +Voe 0

2-0.8 = -
0:6V. Veso
Vce =

Je Ae. » and Teverse current lll sta- {owing

Nauo
and tha dee Tromsistor tuil go inb Satu ralon
nieh ll prse Te

1Voe When
eph costant amd Vee is ehasged-
Vec ke
anc hen it iu -ve then Je £B.
ce VE-VeE Vces
Setuation
 Checkingansutororsatuatien
xlet win salusatien.
hen Vee Esat
=
Vee eesat Ncc

Icsat =
Vec - VcEsat

and Tesat BLemin Iemin Tccat

Noxo, i g>lpmin han tronsitor in satuvation

Re
To bring tranaiutor n satuntien
Increase to b TVee 0 that Te Temi
Ie Cmstant, then a min do thak Temine Vcc and/ TRe
Io matot lcsat= cstomd, then p haTeTemim To
At Pred
Ipmin Tesat Jesat
T
Prced
Imbortant Points fer saturation-
b o t JE. Te are Fe by cuin vattage Vw.
tomsiutor has to be operaed tn sauralion Tegm,we skadd
a
design he ekt, s0 tha Leamin a adr. t 2 t 10
The ratud a Icsa Te to ensure soturationi callidtored. P.
e2
Veeo
N
nput ChdractenstuL Similar
Rikt nd
FB
duu ear
-
f (lo,Vee) dida
Chara
hen VCE =0, opcha bimilar to ducla
When VcET ) Y T:*Ve :o ancd oe
fa.
No
ER ec ( Vee moe Re) BE ahve
 CoTnon Cotlector Conkiguratienm
Vee To R etllecor tunc"

le cha
Vec (Je,VEc)
cho. Re
le f (b, Vec) RE =RL

Qutbut ehanaceristrc
Ie Ble+ (14p)leo
le -Le - plsttp)les
-When Vec(-ve), VceT &T mare Re.
&due to caj fect t ond pT more sleeher Than ce
-ume is more sBeeper tham CE mta, smce
CharacensNe..
B+1) vaia" is > Vama".

mput Characken'sic
n a similar to F8 duode
p ehorateristie hot similor to
ruard leiated duods charae knC
t i taktn acncs RB unciom Re.

LAAVec
Important foinks. regarcding CC mta
H i g h e a t S oKR - sooKN)

e Ro too )
-(+A) doef CAdq
Highest At lcunet ain) lAzl= de
Le
Mocderoe CE #.
- lowest Av (<1) gpicol valuu 0 1g. Max Av=(ideas cmd), hene

A isalso caled em tter ollower.

basitall cevs
 Emiber tolewer ooturin and sou ro
aloqotus to
fotlourer in FET
soince VCVS
Veltagefollou»er follourer are

oeet Pouwer qaim ; ic

valuu = 4 8

Phae shP o
Applicatim-
Righest-i/p retistanca devite.
As a ufer amplifier, ie, an impedance morcbing devia Ha Aiah
estam ce&leo eiitmee devic
A s an audis e pewer amken

Imbotant. Prints fo Ce Lmturation ir

lewest (<lo0a)
Hihest R M
lousest AI d ) .
HigReat Av.
Moderate Ap ical Valu 69.
Phose ehit =o
Ce amier willr lavgest barduridt% & henca Mare

e bicatm8.
APHucatin -

)As a cmstant eurren sOuraR

tA a nn-invrrRng sttge amie

iAr a hih eguy omite
A S an mbeclante matchimg dewce w Loso vettstma h'gh

vesistomc
 00k
ind tamaistrd curentt n cF

B160 e 20 nA Si omaustr
toV
5V

yhical Junc ysltages ter nn tamsisto at 25°c.

S frr
NeEsat 02
pp tranistor, Sgn
a l l the ennes should
VeE sat V 0-3 e Teveveed
Vee acte 0 2
Vet culin Vy
Vegtutof e
VcF Qth've VECatue 70 2

So O Ro 2ook ).
Vee+re=V )VBe 4Ve Je =EB.
t un
acttve Tegusm

Te Vee-Vse S-:7 0 0215 mA

200K

Vee Io- 3K. T Yee 10- 3x 2- 3:TV >> 0 2V lean ce, toomitstr
i n ative reguon
Aemoive Vee Veg VeE VeE VBfat= 0 8
=

3 S - d.7 Vce = VeEsat = O2

2.8 tunchon u deina RB," tcat Ib3 02 3.27

3,27
S- 07 0.86 m A S-0.8
SD

GmA VcE = -3k (e. L) -1S o 2 suturatuen

-- aeevmnrwarn
 Mttud

aaidon Biaung and Stablualin ero

4
o

Ve

JEf6, J e e
VcE& Ia uilctrt
V Ve dey mn
Thu puus
1ple (14p)leo witages ad
&-
httaic talld
desitd Peit
Vc Vec 1ek TR Vec-Vce> L=-

g(3)u silo 1o y : mt+C

tope - -V
lhen VeE 0,kmor cg
Re
vlen Ycem Vec Ceckc+Vee
tome ) ut Te 40ph then
P Tea = uesuen Point/operatingnt
8 f(Ta,,)

(P)(A)
e le 4 0 2i 20 cimutpa, then 4o + 20sinewt
max 60 A bwin2ouA
on Ce, prind ies ellith.in the atire eg
Rere,
ho dhsutin inthe outtut
 ence raniutr ik ust in ative
Tp- 4ouA 90sinwt

20 A min 6 ean

Ts40uA 5Dsin wt
,Noo thex witl be distwhon 4n e ofp
bma 90 MA bmin10

Adyut g: 20uA, i 20sinut.

-20
CouA bm. o A. bma6o ,Tpmi2
autes
p-6ouA 0smt a 90 min 30
u ratin

mportant Prins
he. stleeer chore or ete chore o Ionisr ii divided into sehrahion,
cu ond Qutive regn
-Transistor can wod al a sutch when sferakd saturation and cutft
region, te, exkeme ends q the thaaeenishiu.

rotedure t plat pe Lsacd ne Apont

Tderti
detik the valuu Ye2 emox h _ciruit lomle. 1iu
pnt ven chaae.

2 PYuo a &saugát. line frumg loman VaL 2th shpkt ine is

ealled de load lime.
fimd thu sperair valus Je, e &Vee oy th gen ckt d Aocale Ahese
yaluas 6hiven Charrae
4 Pojet Rre.e heratma vahis on de Aoael Aine e anercapi
pint u CaUed pmt

The onsiskoy u scud to be under quuuen cmd" nhen zerv /

Sigma ied.
 (19

mito an a an amplificr 4 point hin active

t oint is tem Sentiive e , a T , le1 ard
VcE so tha povnt u e Mori tosands SaLatiom
and enBered into Saturatim eaionfransistoy i l s
Drkin asan an

Tyans l svlde ma poutr aUn amplifcation, whth em

in middle o de lsad line.
a iven t a n s
iom o i aral
Shabe s 4ral litfors pm Kope f Hp a), d a

said t dited
ffor
r aa stale crit,the vanatism in -eint olut to temp

Bias Stab ilil

SHabilib u eeckd due to

)Temp hutabilily
() t doubes tor evey 1d mise n lemb
Tt Iu1a 11 & rsint shitt tewrd
ratiom
(6) Vee-
dW
slmilo
-2-5m/°c aNee 23mV{°C
dt
pVea-Vee AsT1, YeE J, JeT 1 & Vee
Nole
saturatien
Ne wlhtemb but change s4
neaza
2 Replacement oTransistur
Pu highy. ofecked du te replarement of
toansistor
Snce smoll change n « l in large
change in f)
 Thesnal RunalaY c
BIß t (1+B)7e,
TT 11 deublls (vlo C Á.
Ic, ollccter- base I,?
ttimp
emulatie p»tisk
ai thu *ua wthido dtey ,trasi lor
Stablusatirn TechniquA
Biasing ec hniquuy Combe osation Techniques
C-8 biasimg ) Disde comensation
( Sel-Bioued
Sensisker Tmister Comensatisn
Tranistur csmpen.ctin

Fixed Biased iruút a Byse Resi stertd.

Vec
VccTsKs. +VA¢
Re
Vee -Vse C5nsBom Umstase)
Re

Vee

Vce
Yec (Unsinia)
VTH . Yee R

RTHe Ie Ven-VeE
Re
VpE
Nortna
Ver foor hias stüblo ckl,

Stabiliy octorSThe. exted tt. etudu thu chiliek ,Cuyent Ic

tnbiikd oth uayivy To easurtd S
Sdlc ' Sp
To
Vee Ap-tmatr LoaVee(ovtt

s dle
V | S Ic IB+ ( T )
Se Cmatn
As T, lco, Iet >S+ve
AS 71 gEV, 1 s's - ye
s . 11,1 S Ve

Gecase taumodt
nst bo4 tenp )
yunor
Stability fetor, S
ed pcomdot
In actuve Tegm,

lle
dle + (+P
dle

lco
dT

S:
B dIe

c k i is ungiable fixecl biaed

then fa shoulol i ddt <0 In Ldead case

1
S 1 Highy shabie

for S + uruit_A stabte

Range oS 1ssl4p)

TechnouesL
. Judback 9tste
Cobleckor Bae Ba binsnt t fVec
Re
Duing c analys4 , Ce, & Ce w-
Vo
aut a ofen cirouit
 hen tranaiatoi active reqon
Te pla + (tp) feo O
Om manpulatimg O

S= dle
- Pp
Kecting Voe p emutant)
dles -P
=T+e) Rc +TeRe +Vese
KVL ot i)p - . Vee
Dieentioting wnt le- 0 =
etRo) dle R +0
dT
dIe Re
Ret Re

ubstitmg i n - S= < (+R) Hence tireut u

I+Rc Stable
Ret Re

+). ReRe
fo- good
Ret+ Re 1+e) stabtliandv

1Re
ReC11p)>Re Hhen
S= 1+ Rel Re arge
-Ka

7 R1& Re thenS. kence debends om load TesiuBoma

voltage shunt udbaek, hernce Riv omd Rov

There unecess a -Ye cedback, ciruit a. nst prerofe

Thetrehica Anaysiu-
fmm cirut, VeVec-(Te+1g)R and Plu1p)Jeo *

le Ve - Vee -
Re
frmm& 4T,LutVer) ardo7 Ptthen le ? - - v e feuclback.
hen Ye b u t Eg h Ve1 1cv
 hereoTe e n c u c6mbentated and Te u almast Cnatmt

cirCuuwtll cempensate or all type o vaiahons

Thit
,le, Ten,Vae a
P
Emitte d i l i a l dit
Sel- Biaucd Circuit: Emitte Riaiad ckt Vce

Ven R VeeNcc a
RtR
118 V
R+R
plp +(+p)Teo -0

s iting KVL at f
-dlg8
Voe+e+)Re
Vee Ip Re +
Ke
Diferentiating omt l e - 0
Ret ke)dle +
- Re -
Re+Re

Substtuing Auneg 2. kuf

s. tP) Renu ckii

+BRE Stable
RetRe Re
R
S +) Re
Re+ (14Pke
Re
(ltP)IB+
14P)Pe >> Re, Ahun, Aevamtae resiutame
load
Ide pendent o
S I t Re
RE

ldeallyRe =, 9:1Hene,e T and/s fa then S

Inpur-2 otp reiutamu will inerea1e

* current seies feccdback
 Lxptmation 1

Vg=(le+ T R Re

Vee- Vae - Ve
Re

fm , when T1, lTeo1, Vas tJandl pt, than tet VE 1

J IF ill comtst VanaHon due to all toc
'Rise An
fe utmbent aled, le u almost comslant
*
Ke iu relaced by an ideal, curent soureL, then s wll eeme
Cas Lnernalresutmce d actire (cuTrent 3ourt u vey huh ideally ).

Tdeal Curent soure,

Rs Re
Si

rachea current soLITe,

Re= Ver hih

Selt- blased uruitu also called vottage divider Pstental divndev

0r emitter bias eiruit