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Sulphuric Acid

1) Sulphuric acid is manufactured through the contact process which involves the production of sulphur dioxide, catalytic oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide, absorption of sulphur trioxide in sulphuric acid to form oleum or pyrosulphuric acid, and dilution to produce sulphuric acid. 2) Favorable conditions for the contact process include low temperatures, high pressure, excess oxygen, and use of vanadium pentoxide as a catalyst. 3) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with metals, bases, carbonates, sulphides, and sulphites to form the respective salts, water, hydrogen,

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138 views

Sulphuric Acid

1) Sulphuric acid is manufactured through the contact process which involves the production of sulphur dioxide, catalytic oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide, absorption of sulphur trioxide in sulphuric acid to form oleum or pyrosulphuric acid, and dilution to produce sulphuric acid. 2) Favorable conditions for the contact process include low temperatures, high pressure, excess oxygen, and use of vanadium pentoxide as a catalyst. 3) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with metals, bases, carbonates, sulphides, and sulphites to form the respective salts, water, hydrogen,

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SULPHURIC ACID

MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID (CONTACT PROCESS)


• Production of Sulphur dioxide
– 4FeS2 + 11O2 → 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
– S + O2 → SO2
• Catalytic oxidation
– 2SO2 + O2 → (V2O5, 450oC) 2SO3
• Absorbtion
– SO3 + H2SO4 → H2S2O7
– Oleum or pyrosulphuric acid
• Dilution
– H2S2O7 + H2O → 2H2SO4
FAVORABLE CONDITIONS
• Low temperature are preferred
– Since the reaction is exothermic
• High pressure
– Since the product formed has less volume than reactant
• Excess of oxygen
– Increases the production of Sulphur dioxide
• Vanadium pentoxide is used as catalyst
– Platinum is more efficient than vanadium pentoxide but platinum is more expensive and
gets easily poisoned.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF D ILU TE S U LPHURIC AC ID
• Reaction with metals
– Active metal + H2SO4 → metal sulphate + hydrogen
– Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
• Reaction with base/alkalis
– Base/alkalis + H2SO4 → salt + water
– NaOH + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + H2O
• With carbonates/bicarbonates
– Carbonates/bicarbonates (CO3 or HCO3)
– Carbonates/bicarbonates + H2SO4 → Metal sulphate + water + carbondioxide
– Ex: NaHCO3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF D ILU TE S U LPHURIC AC ID
• With sulphide
– Sulphide(S)
– Metal sulphide+ H2SO4 → Metal sulphate + Hydrogen sulphide
– Ex: Na2S + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2S
• With sulphites/hydrogen sulphites
– Sulphites /bisulphites (SO3 or HSO3)
– Sulphites /bisulphites + H2SO4 → Metal sulphate + water + sulphurdioxide
– Ex: NaHSO3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4+ H2O + SO2
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF CONC S U LPHURIC ACID

• Non-volatile nature
– Preparing volatite acids like hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and
acetic acid
– Salt of volatile acid + acid → acid salt + volatile acid
– NaCl + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HCl
– KNO3 + H2SO4 → KHSO4 + HNO3
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF CONC S U LPHURIC ACID

• Oxidizing agent
– Suphuric acid is a oxidizing agent because on thermal
decomposition, it yields nascent oxygen.
– H2SO4 → H2O + SO2 + [O]
– Non – metals
• Carbon , Sulphur
• C + 2H2SO4 → CO2 + 2H2O + 2SO2
• S + 2H2SO4 → 3SO2 + 2H2O
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF CONC S U LPHURIC ACID

• As a dehydrating agent
– H2SO4 has a great affinity for water. It removes elements of water from
other compounds .i.e dehydrating agent.
– Organics acids and organic compounds
– Carbohydrates (glucose, sugar, cellulose) gives a black spongy mass of
carbon.
• C6H12O6 → 6C + 6H2O
– Conc. Sulphuric acid removes acid of crystallization from salts
• CuSO4.5H2O → CuSO4 + 5H2O
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• Difference between dilute and conc. Sulphuric acid
– Strong or weak acid
– Strong or weak electrolyte
– Oxidizing agent
– Dehydrating agent
TEST FOR SUPHURIC ACID AND
SULPHATES
• Reaction with copper
– On reaction with copper gives Sulphur dioxide which can be detected by acidified
potassium dichromate solution. It turns green.
• Reaction with NaCl
– Gives pungent fumes of HCl
– The HCl obtained can be detected by using ammonium hydroxide which forms white
fumes.
• Reaction with Barium chloride
– Froms white precipitate of Barium sulphate
– The white precipitate formed is insoluble in any mineral acid like hydrochloric acid or
nitric acid.

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