CHAPTER 10 Vector Algebra Syllabus Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), Position vector of @ point, negative ofa vector, components of a of vectors, multiplication ofa vector bya scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given CASE STUDY / PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS —— Ritika starts walking from his house to shopping mall. Instead of going to the mall directly, she first goes toa ATM, from there to her daughter's school and then reaches the mall. In the diagram, A, B, Cand D represent the coordinates of House, ATM, School and Mall respectively. j B24.) 1.5.5) aE Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) Distance between House (A) and ATM (B) is (@) 3 units (&) 3V2 units () V2 units (4) 42 units (ii) Distance between ATM (B) and School (C) is (a) V2 units (6) 2V2 units (©) 3y2 units. (4) 42 units (iii) Distance between School (C) and Shopping mall (D) is (a) 3V2 units (b) 52 units (©) 7¥2 units (4) 10/2 units (iv) What is the total distance travelled by Ritika? (a) 4V2 units (b) 6V2 units (©) 8Y2 units (d)_ 9/2 units (¥) What is the extra distance travelled by Ritika in reaching the shopping mall? (a) 3V2 units (b) 5V2 units (©) 6/2 units (d)_7V2 unitsQ&—_ Ginni purchased an air plant holder which is in the shape of a tetrahedron. Let A, B, Cand D are the coordinates of the air plant holder where A= (1/1, 1), B= (2, 1, 3), C= (3, 2, 2) and D=(3,3,4). C r c Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) Find the position vector of AB. (a) -i-2k (b) 2i+k (0 i+2k (ii) Find the position vector of AC. (a) 2i-j-k (b) 2i+j+k (©) -%i-j+k (@) i+2j+k (ili) Find the position vector of AD. (a) 2i-2)-3k (b) i+j-3k (©) 31+2)+2k (a) 21+2j+3k (iv) Area of ABC = (a) ants (b) as ‘sq. units (dd ut ‘sq. units (¥) Find the unit vector along AD. (a) Fpasissb (b) yeast © Faas (@) (2i+2}+3%) Geetika’s house is situated at Shalimar Bagh at point O, for going to Alok’s house she first travels 8 km by bus in the East. Here at point A, a hospital is situated. From Hospital, Geetika takes an auto and goes 6 km in the North, here at point B school is situated. From school, she travels by bus to reach Alok’s house which is at 30° East, 6 km from point B.Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) What is the vector distance between Geetika’s house and school? (a) 81-6) (b) 8i+6j (© 8i @ 6j (ii) How much distance Geetika travels to reach school? (a) 14km (b) 15km () 16km (@) 17km (iii) Whaat is the vector distance from school to Alok’s house? (@) V3i+j ) N3i+37 © 6 @) 6j (iv) What is the vector distance from Geetika’s house to Alok’s house? (a) (84+3V3)+ 97 (b) 43+67 (© 159 (a) 16) (vy) What is the total distance travelled by Geetika from her house to Alok’s house? (a) 19km (b) 20km (©) 21km (d) 22km ‘Teams A, B, C went for playing a tug of war game. Teams A, B, Chave attached a rope toa metal ring and is trying to pull the ring into their own area (team areas shown below). ‘Team A pulls with force F, = 47+0j KN Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) Which team will win the game? (a) Team B (b) Team A (©) Team (@) Noone (ii) What is the magnitude of the teams combined force? (@) 7KN (b) 14KN (© 15KN (@) 2KN (iii) In what direction is the ring getting pulled? (@) 2.0 radian (b) 2.5 radian (© 24radian (@) 3 radian (iv) What is the magnitude of the force of Team B? () 25 KN (b) 6KN (© 2KN (@ V6KN (v) How many KN force is applied by Team A? (a) SKN (b) 4KN ( 2KN (d) 16KN—Y—_—_————— A plane started from airport situated at O with a velocity of 120 m/s towards east. Airis blowing at a velocity of 50 m/s towards the north as shown in the figure. The plane travelled 1 hr in OP direction with the resultant velocity: From P to R the plane travelled 1 hr keeping velocity of 120 m/s and finally landed at R. R Air speed 501m/s f ¥ Plane sped 120 mis” Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) What is the resultant velocity from O to P? (@) 100 m/s (>) 130 m/s (© 126 mis (d) 180 m/s (ii) What is the direction of travel of plane from O to P with East? a 4 2) (@) tan (3) ©) tn '(S (© 50 (@) 80 (iii) What is the displacement from O to P? (a) 600 km (b) 468 km (©) 532km (@) 500 km (iv) What is the resultant velocity from P to R? (@) 120 m/s (b) 70 ms (© 170mis (d) 200 m/s (¥)_ What is the displacement from P to R? (a) 450 km (b) 532 km (© 610km (@) 612km Ishaan left from his village on weekend. First, he travelled up to temple. After this, he left for the 200. After this he left for shopping in a mall. The positions of Ishaan at different places is given in the following graph.Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) Position vector of Bis (a) 31+5} (b) 5i+37 (© -si-3j (a) -5i+37 (ii) Position vector of D is (a) 5i+3) (b) 31+5) (© 81+9j (@) 948) (iii) Find the vector BC in terms of i, j (a) i-2) (b) i+2] (© 2+j (a) 2%-j (iv) Length of vector AD is (a) 67 units (b) V85 units (© 90 units (d) 100 units (¥) IM = 4)+3k, then its unit vector is 4-3. () -=j+2k © 5! 5 42032 4 (a) gitgk ) J -@—___ A building is to be constructed in the form of a triangular pyramid, ABCD as shown in the figure. Let its angular points are A(0, 1, 2), B(3, 0, 1), C(4, 3, 6) and D(2, 3, 2) and G be the point of intersection of the medians of ABCD. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) The coordinates of point G are (@) (2.3.3) (b) (,3,2) (© G23) @ 02,3) (ii) ‘The length of vector AG is (a) Vi7 units () Vit units (© Vi3 units (a) Vi9 units (iii) Area of AABC (in sq. units) is (a) Vio () 2vi0 (9 30 (a) syi0 (iv) The sum of lengths of AB and AC is (a) Sunits (b) 9.32 units (© 10 units (d) 11 units (v) The length of the perpendicular from the vertex D on the opposite face is @) $e units (b) ems © ees (@)_ 8Vi0 units—QY———— Iftwo vectors are represented by the two sides of a triangle taken in order, then their sum is represented by the third side of the triangle taken in opposite order and this is known as triangle law of vector addition. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) If B.4,7 are the vectors represented by the sides of a triangle taken in order, then 9+ 7 = @ - (b) 2p © -p (d) None of these (ii) If ABCD isa parallelogram and AC and BD are its diagonals, then AC + BD = (a) 2DA (b) 2AB (©) 2BC (d) 2BD (iii) If ABCD isa parallelogram, where AB = 2a and BC = 2b, then AC — BD = @) 34 (b) 4a © » (d@) 46 (iv) If ABCD isa quadrilateral whose diagonals are AC and BD, then BA+CD = c a B (a) AC+DB (b) AC+BD () BC+AD (@) BD+CA (v) If Tis the mid point of side YZ of AXYZ, then XY + XZ= (@ 2¥T (b) 2XxT (© 27% (d) None of these ¥ + Z ‘Three slogans on chart papers are to be placed on a school bulletin board at the points A, B and C displaying A (Hub of Learning), B (Creating a better world for tomorrow) and C (Education comes first). The coordinates of these points are (1, 4, 2), (3, -3, -2) and (-2, 2, 6) respectively.Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) Let a, 6 and Z be the position vectors of points A, B and C respectively, then a + 6 +2 is equal to (a) 21+3}+6k (b) 21-3} -6k (©) 21+8}+3k (@) 27i+8}+3k) (ii) Which of the following is not true? (a) AB+BC+CA=0 (b) AB+BC-AC=6 (6) AB+BC-CA=06 (d) AB-CB+CA=0 (ill) Area of AABCis (a) 19sq, units (6) 1957 sa.units (©) 3Nis37 sq.units (d) 1837 sq. units (iv) Suppose. ifthe given slogans are to be placed on a straight line, then the value of |a x6 +6 x¢ +2 xal will beequal to @) 41 () 2 ©2 @o (W) If d= 2i+37+6k, then unit vector in the direction of vector a is 2 (a) 7 2-34 62 () Fi+5}+5k (d) None of these — A barge is pulled into harbour by two tug boats as shown in the figure. y —_ ” c ae Ofizsase7aoin y Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) Position vector of A is (a) 4142) (b) 43410) (© 41-10) (d) 41-2) (ii) Position vector of B is (a) 4i+4) (>) 61+6) (© 91+7j (d@) 31437 (iii) Find the vector AC in terms of @ 8) (b) -8) © 8 (d) None of these (iv) If +2] +3k , then its unit vector is i,j, 3k Xi yk ai yk © Fete ae Fatt a © Fat gat ay Nomotthese (v) If A=41+3) and B=37+4), then |A|+|B]=_____ (a) 12 (b) 13 ou (d@) 10SST Se ) HINTS & EXPLANATIONS 1. (i) (b): AB=(-2+.4]+B-G+j+b = V3 +¥ = 949 = vis = 32 Distance between House (A) and ATM (B) is 3V2 units. (ii) (©: BE [BC +5]+5h)=(2i+ 45+) VP +1 +4 =Viti+i6 = Vib =3V2 Distance between ATM (B) and School (C)is 32 units. = (21+2]+5k)—(1+5j+5k) = 31-3) : {8 +C3F = 959 = 32 Distance between School (C) and Shopping mall (D) is 32 units. (iv) (4): Total distance travelled by Ritika = [asl +[BC\ +\cp) = (3V2 +3V2 +32) units = 92 units (v) (©): Distance between house and shopping mall is (abl. Now, AD i+ jeak [AD] =VP +1? +4? = Vis 46 = Vis = 3/2 Thus, extra distance travelled by Ritika in reaching shopping mall = (9V2 — 3¥2) units = 6¥2 units 2 (i) ( ition vector of AB = (2-11 +(1-j+G-Dk (ii) (b): Position vector of AC =(G-1+(2-Dj+Q- (ii) (4): Position vector of AD = (3-1i+(3—1)j+ (4—-Dk = 21+2j+3k Gi) (6): Area of AaBC= 3 | AB xAC| ij § ABx AC 0 2|=i(0-2)-ja—4)+ka-0) 1 43j+k |ABx AC |= (2 +3? +P =Vas9F1= Vid Areaof AABC = 5 NEA sa units AD () (@): Unit vector along Ai [4D] _ 2+ 2j+3k _ 2+ 2j+3k _ [PaPsy Vax4e9 3. (i) (b): We have, OA si and AB = 6) OB = OA+AB= 81+6) = Fp ciezisb (ii) (a): To reach school Geetika travels, =(8+6)km=14km (iii) (b): Vector distance from school to Alok’s house = 6c0s30°i+6sin30°j =6x Bisex) = NGi+3) (iv) (a): Vector distance from Geetikais house to Alok’ house = 81 + 6j + 33i+3j = (8+3V3)i+9) (¥) (b): Total distance travelled by Geetika from her house to Alok’s house = (8 + 6 +6) km = 20 km 4. Here, |F |= (4 +0? =4KN 1B |= Vay +2 = 20 KN 14 |= Va? +3) = Vis Kn (@ (a): Since, J/20 is larger. So, team B will win the game. (ii) (b): Let F be the combined force. Poi+h+8 =4i+0j-31-3)-214+47 [E|=Vr +P = 2 =14kN (©): We have, F o=tan(%)- Fy, = 0.75 x 3.14 radian = 2.3555 radian = 2.4 radian (iv) (@): Magnitude of force of Team B= V20 KN =2N5KN (¥) (b):4.KN force is applied by team A.5. (i) (b): Resultant velocity from to O to P = Vino +50? (ii) (€) : Clearly, area of AABC = = 14400 + 2500 = 16900 = 130 mis hie Ge 3 ‘2a () (2): Direction of travel of plane from Oto Pwith Ne ABXAG=/3—0 O-1 1-2 5 4-0 3-1 6-2) eastistan( 5). 2 (iii) (b): Resultant velocity from O.to.A= 130 m/s =|3 -1 -1 424 = i(-4 +2) 02 + 4) + (6 + 4) = -21- 16) + 10k 3 Ppl | AB x AC |= y(-2? + (16? +10 (iv) (©): Resultant velocity from P to R = V4+256+ 100 = V360 = 6V10 = (120 + 50) = 170 m/s . . 610 = 3V10 $9, units w (a): Displacement rom Pro R= (170%360) - -k =612km _ = |AB|=Vosisi1=Vir 6. (i) (b): Here (5, 3) are the coordinates of B. — 7 on oe PV. of B= 51437 Also, AC = 41+2j+4k = |AC|= Vi6+4416 = V36 =6 (ii) (d) : Here (9, 8) are the coordinates of D. PV. of D= 9148) Now, | AB]+| AC |= Vil +6 =3.32+6=9.32 units (ili) (b): PV. of B= 5i+3) and PY. of C= (v¥) (a): The length of the perpendicular from the vertex D on the opposite face (6-S)i+(5-3) = | Projection of AD on AB x AC| _ |(2i+2))-2i-16) +10%) Vor +(-16)? +107 -4-32|_ 36 (iv) (b): Since PV. of A = 21+2), PV. of D=91+8) AD = (9-2)i+ (8-2)j = 71+6} [ADP =7? +6 = 49+36=85 = |AD|=V85 units = Feo | 6vio~ “pm (v) (a): Wehave, M = 4j+3k, 8. (i) (c):Let OAB be a triangle such that [Paz = such that [M|=V4? +3? = Vi6+9 = 25 =5 36=-7.48=4,50 M__Aj+3k 45 35 — 5 ith Now, G+? = AB+BO 7. (i) (©):Clearly, G be the centroid of ABCD, = AO=-p therefore coordinates of G are (2. on3+3, 162). 23) (it) (b): Since, A = (0, 1, 2) and G = (3, 2,3) c AG = (3-0) + (2-1)j+(3-2k= 31+ j+k => |AGPH3+1?+P=9+141=11 = [AGE Vin a 2 (ii) (© + From triangle law of vector addition,= AB+2BC+CD = AB+2BC- AB =2BC ( (b): In ABC, AC = 24 +26 a 2: a B we and in AABD, 2b = 24+ BD ii) [By triangle law of addition} ‘Adding (i) and (ii), we have AC +26 = 4a + BD+2b = AC-BD=4a (iv) (d):In AABC, BA + AC = BC fi) oo [By triangle law] In ABCD, BC + CD = BD (ii) From (i) and (ii), BA + AC = BD- CD = BA+CD=BD-AC=BD+CA (¥) (b):Since Tis the mid point of YZ. $0, YF = TZ Now, X¥ + XZ = (XT +TY)+(XT +72) [By triangle law] Now, X¥ + XZ = (XT +T¥)+(XT +72) [By triangle law] =2XT+TY +1Z=2XT =-YT] 9. (i) (a): =1+4j+2k, b = 31-3j-2k and @ = -27+2}+6k G4+b+0 = 2543) + 6k (ii) (©): Using triangle law of addition in ABC, we get AB+BC+CA AB+BC-AC=6 or AB-CB+CA=6 (iil) (c) : We have, A(1,4,2), B(3,-3,-2)and C(-2, 2,6) ABx AC =|2 3 = i(-28 —8) — j(8—12) + (4-21) = -361 + 4] -25k Now, | ABx AC | = y(-36)? +4? + (-25?? = Vi296 + 16+ 625 = Vi937 AreaofSABC=1| ABx AC = 11937 sq, units (iv) (d):If the given points lie on the straight line, then the points will be collinear and so area of AABC =0. = laxb+bxc+exal 2 [+ If G,6,Zare the position vectors of the three vertices A, B and C of AABC, then area of triangle = dlaxb+8xe+2xal) Vz +3? +6 = J459436 () (b): Here, | =V49 =7 Unit vector in the direction of vector @ is au B+3i+6h _ 25,354.87 7 77 7 10. (i) (b):Here, (4, 10) are the coordinates of A. PN. of A= 414107 (ii) (©): Here, (9, 7) are the coordinates of B. PN. of B= 91+77 (di) (©): Here, (9,7) are the coordinates of B. PN. of B= 91+7} (iii) (b): Here, PV. of A = 41+10] and PV. of C= 4142} AC =(4—4) 7 +(2-10)j =-87 (iv) (a): Here A=i+2}+3k lal=ViP +2743" = Jivas9 — ae A _i+2j+3k _ 1, je lal Via ia “a TH (v) (d): We have, A = 4i+3j and B=31+4] 2 lal=V8 +3 =Vie+9 = 25 =5 and |B) = V3? +4? = J9+16 = 25 =5 ‘Thus, [Al+|B|=5+5=10