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Module-1 Rectifiers

The document summarizes different types of rectifier circuits used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) in power supplies. It describes half-wave rectifiers that use a single diode and conduct during only one half of the AC cycle, resulting in a pulsating DC output. Full-wave rectifiers are also discussed, including center-tap configurations using two diodes and a center-tapped transformer, and bridge rectifiers using four diodes in a bridge pattern to conduct during both halves of the input cycle. The bridge rectifier provides advantages over other designs by not requiring a center-tapped transformer and having lower peak inverse voltage requirements for the diodes.

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Swarup Kumar Padhy
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24 views

Module-1 Rectifiers

The document summarizes different types of rectifier circuits used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) in power supplies. It describes half-wave rectifiers that use a single diode and conduct during only one half of the AC cycle, resulting in a pulsating DC output. Full-wave rectifiers are also discussed, including center-tap configurations using two diodes and a center-tapped transformer, and bridge rectifiers using four diodes in a bridge pattern to conduct during both halves of the input cycle. The bridge rectifier provides advantages over other designs by not requiring a center-tapped transformer and having lower peak inverse voltage requirements for the diodes.

Uploaded by

Swarup Kumar Padhy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Summary of the Clamper Circuit:

RECTIFIERS
An important application of “regular” diodes is in rectification circuits. These
circuits are used to convert AC signals to DC in power supplies.

A block diagram of this process in a DC power supply is shown below.


Half-Wave Rectifier:

The above circuit is called as a Half-wave rectifier since it will generate a waveform
vothat will have an average value of particular use in the ac-to-dc conversion process.

During 0- (Positive Half Cycle) the diode is ON. Assuming an ideal diode with no
voltage drop across it the output voltage vo will be
vo= VR=V m

During -T(Negative Half Cycle) the diode is OFF(Open Circuit). So the current flowing
through the circuit will be 0. The output voltage vo will be

vo= VR=i x R = 0

Figure shows the input and output waveform with output


Vdc=0.318V m.
Disadvantage:
1. The ac supply delivers power only half the time.
2. Pulsating current frequency is equal to the supply frequency.

Full wave Rectifier:

The full wave rectifier utilizes both the positive and negative portions of the input
waveform. Types of full wave rectifier are

(a) Centre tapped configuration


(b) Bridge configuration

Centre tapped configuration:

· Current flows through the load resistance in the same direction during the full
cycle of the input signal.
· Centre tap transformer is used with the secondary winding.

+ve Half Cycle:


· Diode D1 is short circuited and D2 is open circuited. Current flows through the
upper half of the secondary winding.
-ve Half Cycle:
· Diode D2 is short circuited and D1 is open circuited. Current flows through
the lower half of the secondary winding.

Complete input and output waveform can be shown as

While this full-cycle rectifier is a big improvement over the half-cycle, there
are some disadvantages.

Disadvantages:
· It is difficult to locate the centre tap on the secondary winging.
· The diodes must have high PIV.

BridgeRectifier:

The bridge rectifier uses four diodes connected in bridge pattern.


The operation ofthe bridge rectifier can be summarized as:
+ve Half Cycle:
· Diode D1 and D3 are short circuited and D2 and D4 are open circuited.
Current flows through D1 and D3 to give the output voltage across the
resistor.

-ve Half Cycle:


· Diode D1 and D3 are open circuited and D2 and D4 are short circuited.
Current flows through D2 and D4 to give the output voltage across the
resistor.

Complete input and output waveform can be shown as

Advantages:
· No centre tapped transformer is required.
· PIV is less.
Disadvantages:
· It requires four diode and the power loss in the rectifier element is more.

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