Volume 7, Issue 12, December – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Greenhouse Environment Monitoring and

Controlling System
Shubham Borule Shubham Ramteke Mohit Tamgadge
GHRIET, Nagpur GHRIET, Nagpur GHRIET, Nagpur

Abstract:- Agriculture is a major part of our lives as space like the home, and also to reduce human interaction in
human beings. A lot of research has been carried out in a small-scale greenhouse environment. So accordingly, an
order to be able to develop a monitored and controlled automated greenhouse monitoring and control system was
greenhouse system/environment that will help in solving pro - posed for the sole purpose stated above. The
the main problems relating to agriculture which is to methodology used in building the greenhouse monitoring and
enable the increase in the crops being cultivated all year control sys - tem is a wired connection. The system was built
round in the comfort of a small space like the home, and using a number of connection wires, sensors, LCD, a cooling
also to reduce human interaction in a small-scale system, A power bank, LEDs, LDRs, Arduino board among
greenhouse environment. So accordingly, an automated a few other components. The result obtained was a fully
greenhouse monitoring and control system was proposed functioning sys- tem that was set to monitor the greenhouse
for the sole purpose stated above. The methodology used environment refer to Figure.1
in building the green - house monitoring and control
system is a wired connection.

Keywords:- Greenhouse, Sensors, Monitoring, Controlling,

Arduino.

I. INTRODUCTION

In this time and day, everything can be monitored and

con- trolled automatically. Unfortunately, in an important
sector like agriculture, the manual process is still very active,
meaning the automatic monitoring and control of a
greenhouse system hasn’t completely scaled through just yet,
especially when it comes to small scale farming. The reason
whereby the automation of a greenhouse system hasn’t been
put to a full-fledged use may be in view of several reasons,
such as the absence of technical know-how, high cost and the
requirement of high maintenance. Agriculture has stood out Fig 1. Block Diagram
amongst the most im- portent occupations of individuals since
the early advancement of humans and sadly, even to date, Block Diagram depicts the fundamental greenhouse
manual interventions in farming are inescapable. When it system block diagram. There are four sensors in the green-
comes to a greenhouse monitor and control system, it is a very house monitoring system. The micro controller system takes
important part of agriculture as it can be used to grow plants input from these sensors. The micro controller receives input
under a controlled climatic condition for ideal plant produce in the form of analog data. The controller transforms this data
, it is also to degree important in the sense that it shields plants into digital form. Through Bluetooth, the data is displayed on
from weather extremes by having a controlled climatic the LCD display and can also be displayed on the Android
environment, it broadens the developing season and also applications. As a result, temperature, moisture, gas and
empowers you to sow plants earlier and harvest plants later In alcohol parameters are automatically monitored. The coding-
the case of this project, there will be the presence of an built embedded system can control the parameter values once
automatic greenhouse which will involve the system being they have been monitored. This is a controlling system that is
closely controlled and monitored in a set climatic condition automated. The user controls the Android application at his
which is needed for optimum farm/plant produce. own will. Control is carried out using the Android application
in accordance with the user's knowledge and the desired
II. METHODOLOGY output.

A lot of research has been carried out in order to be able

to develop a monitored and controlled greenhouse sys-
tem/environment that will help in solving the main problems
relating to agriculture which is to enable the increase in the
crops being cultivated all year round in the comfort of a small

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Volume 7, Issue 12, December – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
III. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Also, with the light intensity fixed at 80%, if the value
happens to get higher, the light is turned off which results in
A. Temperature a reduction of light intensity in order to avoid the production
Environmental factor that is strongly related to the of bad crops.
growth of plants. As a result of this, the control and
monitoring of temperature in a greenhouse environment are
quite important and this has been made easier to achieve, with
the help of green - house technologies. In further explanation,
it could be explained that plants produce heat as they take in
CO2 and take out oxygen. The heat produced can help in the
growth of plants like tomatoes but when there is an excess
accumulation of heat produced, without the presence of
proper ventilation, it could cause crop diseases. In order to
avoid this, tempera - ture controls could be used in bringing
the temperature down- in order to help in keeping plants at
the right temperature for a good harvest.

B. Humidity
Later on process CO2 which makes the greenhouse very
moist after some time. The dampness could be avoided in
order to maximize plant growth by having a proper
ventilation system and also possessing great management of
a heating system. If these two factors aren’t put in place, the
greenhouse could harbor diseases, and also, the growth of
molds which will cause harm to the plants being cultivated.
The carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis, which is the
process whereby plants make their own food. Carbon dioxide
is gotten from the air in the atmosphere or from water. During
photosynthesis, the plant uses carbon dioxide to produce
carbohydrates, which works to promote plant development.
Fig 2. Flow Chart
IV. SYSTEM ARCHITECHTURE
This subsection gives brief information on the set values
The whole purpose of this system is to create an of the parameters of the tomato crop which is used in this
effective greenhouse environment which will drastically research. These parameters are
reduce the cost of labor and also help small scale farmers
cultivate crops 1. The user shall set the temperature suitable for a tomato at
27_C
all year round. The system consists of sensors, 2. The user shall set the value of Humidity suitable for a
microcontrollers, and actuators. The system works in such a tomato at 60%
way that when the environmental parameters cross a safety 3. The user shall fix the Light intensity at 80%
threshold, the sensors detect a change and the microcontroller 4. The user shall set the CO2 level at 400
reads the data from its input ports and performs the suitable
action in order Furthermore, the set values stated above aid in the
control of the greenhouse. An example of this could be
to bring the parameter back to its required level. The explained follows; With respect to the temperature, humidity
actuators (fan, led, buzzer) are switched on based on the and light intensity, when the temperature passes the set
instruction passed to the microcontroller. An LCD is optimum threshold value, the relay will perform the required
employed to show the condition inside the greenhouse. action which is to either bring the temperature down when it’s
Lastly, the entire setup be - comes user-friendly, easy to put too high (27_C) by turning on the cooler and turning the
together and quite portable. heater on when the temperature is too low. Similarly, when
the set value for humidity gets higher than 60%, the heater
With respect to the temperature, humidity and light gets turned on. Also, with the light intensity fixed at 80%, if
intensity, when the temperature passes the set optimum the value happens to get higher, the light is turned off which
threshold value, the relay will perform the required action results in a reduction of light intensity in order to avoid the
which is to either bring the temperature down when it’s too production of bad crops.
high(27_C) by turning on the cooler and turning the heater on
when the temperature is too low. Similarly, when the set value
for humidity gets higher than 60%, the heater gets turned on.

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Volume 7, Issue 12, December – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
A. Programming Language
The programming language used in controlling the
microcontroller is C/C++, this language is preferred because
it is the language of hardware and it is the main language used
in programming the microcontroller (Arduino).

V. HARDWAERE REQUIRMENT

A. Arduino
Arduino has a physical programmable circuit board
(often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of
software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
which runs on the computer and enables it to write and upload Fig 3. System Implementation
the code to the board.
VII. SYSTEM TESTING AND RESULT
B. Liquid Crystal Display
LCD (liquid crystal display) is the technology used for The greenhouse's temperature, humidity, moisture,
displays in a notebook and, other smaller computers. alcohol and gas level could all be tracked by the greenhouse's
monitoring and control system. Based on the various changes
C. Humidity And Temperature Sensor in the environment, the various sensors were able to initiate
The sensor used in this project is the DHT22 sensor an actuator. The best outcome is to facilitate small-scale
which is a low-cost sensor used for the measurement of farmers' con- venience and ease of plant growth. A
temperature (-40 to 80°C) and humidity (0-100%). greenhouse's low price is important to some consumers, but it
is difficult to achieve due to the numerous modern
D. Light Intensity Sensor technologies required. The high initial capital cost, on the
A Light Intensity Resistor (LDR) is a component that other hand, has the potential to save more money in the long
has a (variable) resistance that changes with the light intensity run while also conserving the environment if we look at the
that falls upon it and LDR is are also called photoresistor. bigger picture. The goal of the green- house monitoring
This allows them to be used in light sensing circuits. system is to stabilize the conditions if the environmental
parameters are detected and monitored by the sensor. Based
E. Gas Sensor (MQ2) on the sensor input, actuators are used to control the
Gas Sensor (MQ2) is used for spotting gas leakage parameters. It can be done manually or automatically. The
in an environment. actuators are controlled by the user in manual mode using
SMS inputs, which are not implemented in our project. The
F. Fan actuators are controlled in automatic mode using a database
This serves as the coolant for the Greenhouse of previous events.
monitoring and control system.

G. LED
They serve as an indicator of the Greenhouse
monitoring control system.

VI. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

In respect to the implementation, the input devices

which are the sensors, and the output devices which are the
actuators were all connected to the microcontroller in order to
be able to monitor and control the greenhouse effect. In detail,
the actuators respond to fluctuations (Increase/decrease of the
set threshold for temperature, humidity, light intensity, and
CO2 level) of the environment variables in the
greenhouse environment. For example, the fan serves as the
actuator for controlling the temperature and humidity level of
the greenhouse environment, Light bulb for light intensity
and for CO2.

Fig 4. System Testing and Results

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Volume 7, Issue 12, December – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
REFERENCES

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VIII. CONCLUSION Wattanapongsakorn, "Greenhouse Lighting
Optimization for Tomato Cultivation considering Real-
The fact that Smart Greenhouse was able to produce Time Pricing (RTP) of Electricity in the Smart Grid," in
crops without the use of pesticides or insecticides, create a IEEE 2013 10th International Confer- ence on Electrical
climate conducive to plant growth, and even provide an Engineering/Electronics,
alternative means of income through agriculture, such as
selling tube well water, is what sets Smart Greenhouse apart
from conventional farming.

In addition, anyone without prior farming experience

can in- stall this rooftop greenhouse system in his home. It is
possible to cultivate any kind of crop in this kind of
greenhouse be- because it can keep any kind of climate. We
are able to produce 70% to 80% of our water requirements.
Organic products are produced as well as the yield and growth
rate are both in- creased. Most importantly, we can use lot to
connect farmers directly with consumers, keeping farmers out
of the hands of middlemen. It makes farming more profitable
and efficient while also reducing farmer effort and time.

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