TABLE OF CONIEN

 Chapter1:
 INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY
 ORGANIZATION OF THE COMPANY
 STAFF IN THE MOBILE NETWORK SECTOR
 Chapter2
 TOWERS
 ANTENNAS
 RRU(RADIO REMOTE UNIT)
 Chapter3
 BTS( BASE TRANSCEVER STATION
 CDMA NETWORK
 3G NETWORK
 BBU BASEBAND UNIT
 PLATFORM FOR MAINTENANCE
 Chapter4
 ACTIVITIES CARRYOUT
 Chapter5
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION

Camtel is a national telecommunications and Internet service provider in

Cameroon. The company is busy building its network, including: Access to a
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) network; digitization of the country's
telephone exchanges; and optical fiber along the highway between Douala and
Yaoundé There are 47 telephone exchanges in the company's system. There are
about 150,000 telephone lines in its cable network and its switching network.
Camtel operates three satellite-to-earth stations: Bepanda, Zamengoe and Garoua.
Camtel offers two major servicers which are:

Commercial service
Technical service
The commercial service is involved in the marketing part of the company
like selling and distribution of SIM, DATA (internet connection) and all the
registration of subscribers.
The technical part is the backbone of all the information and network
construction in the company.

ORGANIZATION OF THE COMPANY

Camtel is being organizes in this manner:

 The Regional Director (DR)

 The department administrative of logistic(DAFL)
 The technical department of business unit fixe(DT-BUF)
 The technical department of mobile unit (DT-BUM)
 The technical department unit of transport(DT- BUT)
 The technical department fixed unit(DV-BUF)
 The technical department mobile network unit (DV-BUM

But my internship in Camtel was base in the technical department of mobile

network. My studies in the company was base in the mobile network sector that I
was being introduces to the staffs involve in that department and how they are
being organize. We started with the;
This structured show how the mobile network is being organizes.
I was shown how mobile phone from transmitted to reception are being
control. I learned all the steps that need to put in places for a mobile call
to leave the caller to the receiver.
Mobile network is a communication that involves: Mobile phone from one station
to another in exchanges of communication, towers and antennas are being
connected too, BTS (base transceiver station) system, BSC (base station controller)
and MSC (mobile switching center). All need to be put in place for information to
flow in the mobile network. But here are main focus is on towers, antennas and the
difference BTS technology. We when further to be introduce to all staff in the
mobile network zone, they coordinated my experiencer by asking me some few
question in my studies during my being in school and tried to know the reason why
I choice to worked on mobile network. We share some word and experience and
they took me along to start introducing me to the various program and activities
which I have to be familiar during my stay in the company. We had the program
like:

1. Checking of site (BTS site).

2. Diagnosing the fault
3. Identifying the problem involve or going on at that point of time.
4. And come out with a solution to that problem
5. Maintenance of devices in the BTS
TOWER

The main job of a cell tower is to elevate antennae that transmit and receive RF
signals (radio frequency) from mobile phones and other cellular devices. A series
of wires runs from the tower antennas to the base station equipment, which is
usually located at ground level in a concealed manner. I worked on towers, in
mobile network we can’t talk of communication without including the process of
towers and antennas. A tower is a toll and strength rod that is being built on the
ground to the sky within a limit to make it possible for the exchange of signal from
one zone to another. We have many types of towers in telecommunication but are
focus will be mush on the types we were working we in the company.

LATTICE TOWER: Lattice towers are freestanding and segmentally designed

with rectangular or triangular base steel lattices. This type of tower construction
can be useful in situations which require modifications such as mounting large
number of panel or dish antennas. See diagram of a lattice tower

ROOFTOP TOWER:
We also study on rooftop
tower and a rooftop cell
site is built when antenna
and transmission
equipment are installed on
a building’s roof. The
Subject Site, in this case,
is located on top of a
building or other support
structure. There are
typically between 2-4 antennas per sector.
ANTENNAS

Antennas are being mounted in the form of zone and we have 3 zone connected to
pick up information in all the direction to the surface. This makes it possible to
pick up information uplink and downlink by users that are connected to
communicate in that environment. We have many types of antennas but the one the
company was using is the sector antenna. The diagram below is the image of a
sector antenna that works uplink and downlink. This sector antenna is connected to
the radio that amplifier the radio and signal picked up in to a fiber signal.

RRU (RADIO REMOTE UNIT)

The RRU is a device which is connected with the sector antennas for the
distribution of frequency for the system to function.
 In camtel they were operating under the frequency800 Hz, 900 Hz, 1800 Hz
and 2100 Hz. With each frequency corresponding to a particular technology.
I study on how the radios are being connected on the sector antennas on the
tower. Each card of the BBU has it own radio with it frequency given on it.
See diagram

BTS (BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION)

In telecommunications, a base station is a fixed transceiver that is the main

communication point for one or more wireless mobile client devices. A base
 station serves as a central connection point for a wireless device to
communicate. It further connects the device to other networks or devices,
usually through dedicated high bandwidth wire or fiber optic connections.
Base stations are generally a transceiver, capable of sending and receiving
wireless signals. We have two types of BTS in Camtel which are:
o Indoors BTS 3606(CBTS)
o Outdoors BTS3900 (DBS)
Base transceiver station are constitutes of two part which are the AIR and
the GROUND part.
 AIR: the air part is where we can see all the radios and sector
antennas
 GROUND: the ground part is where you can find the case with
devices such as; BBU, THE RECTIFIER BLOCK OF 48V, THE
CONVERTED, ALARM AND BACKUP BATTERY.

Talking of BTS we are going to mention the various technologies that it being
operated on.

 CDMA TECHNOLOGY
 2 GENERATION
 3 GENERATION
 4 GENERATION (LTE)
In Camtel, we mostly worked on CDMA, 3G, and 4G technology.

CDMA (CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS) TECHNOLOGY

 In camtel there users CDMA which is equivalent to 3G, this technology
handle both E video for internet and voice in a frequency of 800mH. The
CDMA could offer many services and functions such as:
CMPT CARD: the CMPT act like the mother board of the CDMA
and it is the card that all the configuration and treatment of the
system is done.
HECM CARD: this card is in changes of internet and E-videos. All
the internet service is being configure in this car
HCPM CARD: this card is configure to handle voice communication
in the BTS

HCPM

HEPM

CMPT GPS

PUEU

GPS. BBU consists of GPS sensor which tracks the BBU. In the part the GPS is
being mounted to configure time and date in a zone.

3GENERATION NETWORK
What is 3G (third generation of mobile telephony) 3G refers to the third generation
of cellular technology that enables mobile telephony. The third-generation standard
follows two earlier generations that were deployed on mobile networks and across
mobile phones. Here in the 3G network ensures stable and relatively fast
connection over long distances by using a network of phone towers to pass signals.
The tower that is closest to your mobile phone is the one that passes the data to it.
3G offers speeds that are several times faster or higher than CDMA.

ARCHITECTURE OF THE THIRD GENERATION NETWORK

After seeing the discretion of the third generation, we will go further to talk on the
wiring and how is being connected from the tower to the BTS which is our main
focus. In the 3G network we have the same process as the CDMA which is:

 The antenna and radios

 The energy put that supply the BTS
 The transmission
 The BBU system that the 3G is being configure in

BBU (BASEBAND UNIT)

In this case we are going to talk more of the BBU device. The BBU is a
baseband unit (BBU) device that interprets Baseband frequencies in
 telecom systems including computer networks, the internet, phone networks
and radio broadcasting system. BBU along with RRU (Radio Remote Unit)
formed as a BTS. Firstly, RRU process the incoming and outgoing radio
signals. Subsequently, it also sends the signals and receives signals (EM
waves) from Antenna through hollow guided Jumper cable

Figure 1 figure 2

Here in the figure 1, we can see how the connection is being done from the mobile
phone to the RRU and from there to the BBU which now go to the BSC system.

In the figure2 we can see the different part and card connected to the bbu device. I
will go ahead to explain them.

UMPT: UMPT stands for Universal Main Processing and Transmission

Unit. Its functions are: It Performs OM (Operation and Maintenance)
functions. Further it also do configuration management, equipment
management, performance monitoring, signaling processing, and
active/standby switch over

UPEU: UPEU stands for Universal Power and Environment interface unit.
This is the part where the BBU device receives energy to run the system
with.

LBBP: LBBP stands for LTE Base Band Processing Unit. Huawei 3900
series have 3 different LBBP, LBBPd1, UBBPd2 and UBBPd3. But in
Huawei BBU, LBBP is termed as UBBP. LBBP and UBBP difference is that
LBBP is for LTE or 4G communication while UBBP is for 2G and 3G
communication. UBBP also have type 3 and type 2 cards, UBBP2 and
UBBP3. These both LBBP and UBBP functions is to pick up frequency
directly from the radios.
In Camtel, the LBBPd1 works with the frequency 1800 Hz and is for the 4G
network. The UBBPd2 works with the frequency 900hz for UMPT and the
UBBPd3 is for the frequency 1800/2100hz for LTE (4G, 4.75G)
FAN: The FAN dissipates heat from the BBU. It addition, it also monitors
the inlet temperature, controls the rotation speed of the fans, and reports the
status of the fans to the LMPT or UMPT in the BBU
 SFP: the SFP is a port that enable Gigabit switchers convert radio signal to a
fiber optic signal in the BBU

PLATFORM FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENACE

Platform are being used to control and monitor the system in a programmable
manner, in the mobile network in Camtel, there were using a supervision
maintenance program to control all the BTS being manage under them. The
operation and maintenance system for the CDMA network users the M2000
management system. The structure of the M2000 was based on:

 Local operation and management system

 Remote maintenance

The local maintenance is implemented by logging in to the BTS. In local

maintenance users can perform various operation and maintenance (including data
configuration management, performance, fault management and security
management.

In the LTE, UMPT system we have the platform for monitoring and operation
to be U2020. This is where we analyze the operation, management and security
of the LTE and UMPT

ACTIVITIES CARRY OUT DURING THE INTERNSHIP IN CAMTEL

We carry out a lot of activities and maintenance on site works I will go by creating
a weekly table with the activities and work that was being done. This form shows
the entire practical that was being done.
 WEEK 3 ACTIVITIES

SITE PROBLEM DIAGNOSTIC SOLUTION AND EXPERIENCE USED

AND AND
FAULTY DESCRIPTION
OF WORK
DONE
CAMP DES Electricity We did Service, voice and data was restored after
OFFICER cut off observation of electricity was supply back in the zone
the problem and
tried to identify
what happen for
electrical power
to be cut off.
And it ENEO
that was down in
that area
SAKER The BBU we had to Replacement of the PUEU
was off replace the Replacement of the CMPT card
PUEU cable PUEU cable
faulty We had to
CMPT card replace the
faulty CMPT card and
reconfigure cd
BASSA GPS device Observation and Maintenance and repaired of the GPS
faulty checking of the
device

WEEK 4 ACTIVITIES

SITE PROBLEM AND DIAGNOSTIC AND SOLUTION AND

FAULT DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIENCE
WORK DONE USED
DOUALA PORT Problem of The team in change of After the
transmission in transmission(CERTU restoration
the BTS. So no ) were in place to servicer, voice
transmission restored the signal and data was
restored
BEOENDA The CDMA had We reconnected the Here then we
MARKET problem with the rectifier to another could now have a
CDMA rectifier of 48v. it phase of the PUEU 48v supply to
was not power the CDMA
supplying voltage BTS system.
to the CDMA
CARREFOUR Dysfunction of The GPS needed to be After the
KAYO the GPS replace because it was replacement
bad and we couldn’t service, time and
get time and date in date was restored
that zone

WEEK 5 ACTIVITIES

SITE PROBLEM AND DIAGNOSTIC SOLUTION AND

FAULT AND EXPERIENCE
DESCRIPTION USED
OF WORK DONE
SAKA COLLAGE Malfunction of the After looking into Servicer’s, voice
mother card of the problem we and data were
CMPT had to replace and restored.
configure CMPT
card of the CDMA.
SCAMTROPIE GPS and BCKM Diagnostic and all But no service was
was unstable, worked being done restored.
absence of service to fixed the fault
EP NEW BELL Card of the CDMA Replacement and Service, voice and
BAMI BTS was bad configuration with data was restored.
maintenance
BONALOKA The problem of Maintenance was Work done but still
energy in the BTS being done and have the same
causes by circuit disconnected one issue.
breaker that keeps of the radios
on tripping due to
a fault on the RRU

WEEK 6 ACTIVITIES

SITE PROBLEM AND DIAGNOSTIC SOLUTION AND

FAULT AND EXPERICENC
DESCREPTION USED
 OF WORK DONE
CAMP DE Energy from eneo Waiting for Eneo Contact the team
OFFICIER off and no backup supply to be in change of
battery restored and the backup to handle
team for backup the situation.
maintenance
KOTTO Supply from Eneo Waited for Eneo to
After electricity
cut off. supply was supply back
from Eneo service,
voce and data was
restored
RHON POULENG A fault on the GPS Replacement of the Time and date
and alarm on the GPS and restored, the BBU
HECM and HCPM reconfigure the function normal
service card service card

CONCLUSION

It was a great moment for me as I when thought with my internship in the mobile
network sector in Camtel. The staffs that were put in place to control us were
friendly, welcome and could share knowledge for us to understand the task we
found ourselves in and I learned a lot under the department of mobile network. My
experience was developing with skills and understanding. We had good time with
our supervisor and the team that was put in place to lead us. I was familiar with
various SITE in the littoral region and visited most. I gain experience working on
the BTS equipment and being able to diagnose fault and come out with a possible
solution. I could differential the different network technology such as

 CDMA
 2G GSM
 3G UMPT
 4G LTE

These technologies were being used by Camtel to transmit information from

emission to reception. To God almighty I am so proud for the experience I
gain.