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Three Phase Fault Detection System in Transmission System

This document describes an Earth and line Fault detection system for transmission lines using Bluetooth. The system uses sensors to detect anomalies by measuring incoming and outgoing current and voltage values. If a fault is detected, the location is displayed on an LCD screen and the system cuts power to the line. It then sends a notification via Bluetooth to responsible personnel. The system aims to automatically detect faults to help reduce energy leakage across transmission lines more efficiently than existing methods.

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Gustavo
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161 views5 pages

Three Phase Fault Detection System in Transmission System

This document describes an Earth and line Fault detection system for transmission lines using Bluetooth. The system uses sensors to detect anomalies by measuring incoming and outgoing current and voltage values. If a fault is detected, the location is displayed on an LCD screen and the system cuts power to the line. It then sends a notification via Bluetooth to responsible personnel. The system aims to automatically detect faults to help reduce energy leakage across transmission lines more efficiently than existing methods.

Uploaded by

Gustavo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Earth and line Fault detection system in

transmission line using Bluetooth

Contents

1. Introduction
2. Working and Design principle
3. Circuit description
a. Power supply
b. Atmega328 microcontroller
c. LCD
d. Electromagnetic relay
e. Buzzer driver
f. Current detector
g. HC-05 Bluetooth module
4. Conclusion

Introduction

Energy leakage is one of the major problems that the corporation faces in
recent times. Bringing this leakage under control is next to impossible with
the electrical transmission lines running millions of miles across the
country. Only way to solve this problem is to come up with a mechanism
that can detect the fault in electricity transmission line automatically and
intimate the authorities with a specific location. Through this project you
will develop a device that uses sensors to sense the incoming & outgoing
values and detect anomalies. And, the system will be integrated with the
Bluetooth mechanism, to intimate the responsible people real time with the
location information and scale of leakage in a LCD.

Currently, the electric power infrastructure is highly vulnerable against


many forms of natural and malicious physical events, which can adversely
affect the overall performance and stability of the grid. Additionally, there
is an impending need to equip the age-old transmission line infrastructure
with a high-performance data communication network, which supports
future operational requirements like real time monitoring and control
necessary for smart grid integration. Many electric power transmission
companies have primarily relied on circuit indicators to detect faulty
sections of their transmission lines. However, there are still challenges in
detecting the exact location of these faults. Although fault indicator
technology has provided a reliable means to locate permanent faults, the
technical crew and patrol teams still must physically patrol and inspect the
devices for longer hours to detect faulty sections of their transmission lines.
Wireless sensor-based monitoring of transmission lines provides a solution
for several of these concerns like real time structural awareness, faster fault
localization, accurate fault diagnosis by identification and differentiation of
electrical faults from the mechanical faults, cost reduction due to condition
based maintenance rather than periodic maintenance, etc. This paper deals
with the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to fault detection
and location in extra high voltage (EHV) transmission lines for high speed
protection using terminal line data. The proposed neural fault detector and
locator were trained using various sets of data available from a selected
power network model and simulating different fault scenarios (fault types,
fault locations, fault resistances and fault inception angles) and different
power system data (source capacities, source voltages, source angles, time
constants of the sources).There are many courses of faults in power
transmission leading to power outages, if not properly managed. Notable
among them includes:

– Faults at the power generation station

- Damage to power transmission lines (tree falling on lines)


– Faults at the substations or parts of distribution subsystem
– Lightening Types of transmission line faults: Power system’s faults
may be categorized as shunt faults or series faults
A. Single Line-to-Ground Fault

The most common type of shunt faults is Single Line-to-ground faults


(SLG). This type of fault occurs when one conductor falls to the ground or
gets into contacts with the neutral wire. It could also be the result of falling
trees in a rainy storm. This type could be represented as shown in Fig 1
below.

B. Line-to-Line Fault

The second most occurring type of shunt faults is the Line-to-Line fault
(LL). This is said to occur when two transmission lines are short-circuited.
As in the case of a large bird standing on one transmission line and
touching the other or if a tree branch happens to fall on top of two power
transmission lines. This type could be represented as shown in Fig 2 below.

Design and working principle

To attain our concept, need to use Atmega328 controller, voltage sensor,


current sensor, buzzer, LCD. The project representing cable length in KMs
and fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known KM to cross
check the accuracy of the same. The voltage drop across the feeder resistor
is given to an ADC which develops a precise digital data which the
programmed microcontroller would display the same in Kilo meters. The
fault occurring at what distance and which phase is displayed on a 16X2
LCD interfaced with the microcontroller. If any fault occurs either in line
fault or in ground fault , distance will show on Lcd ant load cutoff
automatically from the lines and a notification will sent to a mobile phone
using Bluetooth.

ADVANTAGES

– Devices are enabled by wireless communication.

– Coverage area is large compared to the existing system.


– Less number of components and manual observation. So, it is
economically reliable and low cost.

APPLICATION
– Used in transmission line.
– Used in textile mills.
– Used in food industry.

Block diagram

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