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Honey Analysis

The document appears to be a chemistry project submitted by a student named A. Sudharshan to their school, KMC Public Senior Secondary School, analyzing the presence of minerals and carbohydrates in a sample of honey. It includes an aim, requirements, theory, procedures for testing honey for potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and carbohydrates, observation tables of the results, and a conclusion acknowledging sources.

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Ayyappan Sudharshan
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215 views

Honey Analysis

The document appears to be a chemistry project submitted by a student named A. Sudharshan to their school, KMC Public Senior Secondary School, analyzing the presence of minerals and carbohydrates in a sample of honey. It includes an aim, requirements, theory, procedures for testing honey for potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and carbohydrates, observation tables of the results, and a conclusion acknowledging sources.

Uploaded by

Ayyappan Sudharshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KMC Public Senior Secondary

School

2014

CHEMISTRY PROJECT :
ANALYSIS OF HONEY

SUBMITTED BY :
A.Sudharshan
XII –A
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that A.Sudharshan of


class 12th has successfully completed
the project work on chemistry, titled as
“ANALYSIS OF HONEY”, for class XII
practical examination of the Central
Board of Secondary Education in the
year 2022-2023. It is further certified
that this project is the individual work of
the candidate.

Subject Teacher: Coordinator: Principal


DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “ANALYSIS OF
HONEY” submitted to the "KMC Public Senior Secondary
School ", is a record of original work done by me except the
experiments, which are duly acknowledged, under the guidance
of my subject teacher “Mr.Visakh Sir”
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks to our school “KMC
Public Senior Secondary School”,principal sir Mr.Ramesh to
the management team of our school who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic ANALYSIS
OF HONEY, which also helped me in doing a lot of Research
and I came to know about so many new things.

Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who


helped me a lot in finishing this project on time.

THANKS AGAIN TO ALL WHO HELPED ME.


INDEX
CONTENT

AIM
REQUIREMENTS
THEORY
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION TABLE
RESULT
BIBLOGRAPHY
AIM :
To analyze the
available honey for
presence of
different minerals
and carbohydrates.
REQUIREMENTS

APPARATUS
TEST TUBE
TEST TUBE STAND
BURNER
WATER BATH

CHEMICALS
FEHLING SOLUTION A
FEHLING SOLUTION B
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
AMMONIUM OXALATE SOLUTION
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
CONC.NITRIC ACID
POTASIUM SULPHOCYANIDE SOLUTION

THEORY
Honey, thick, sweet, super saturated sugar
solution manufactured by bees to feed their
larvae and for the subsistence during
winter.
Bee honey is composed of fructose, glucose
and water, in varying proportions. It also
contains several enzymes and OILS. The color
& flavor depends on the age of the honey and
the sources of the nectar .It colored honeys are
usually of higher quality than dark coloured
honeys. Other high grade honeys are made by
bees from orange blossoms, clover and Alfalfa.
A well known, poorer grade honey is produced
from buckwheat.
Honey has a fuel value of about 3307 cal/kg
[1520 cal/ lbs]. It readily picks up moisture
from the air and is consequently used as a
moistioning agent for Tobacco and in
baking. Glucose crystallizes out of honey
on standing at room temperature, leaving on
uncrystallized layer of dissolved fructose.
Honey to be MARKETED is usually heated
by a special process to about 66oC [150.01
F] to dissolve the crystals and is sealed to
prevent crystallization. The fructose in
crystallized honey ferments readily at about
160C.

PROCEDURE

TEST FOR MINERALS:-


1. Test for Potassium:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
picric acid solution is added. Yellow
precipitate indicates the presence of K+.
2. Test for Calcium:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
NH4Cl solution and NH4OH solution are
added to it. The solution is filtered and
to the filtrate 2ml of ammonium oxalate
solution is added. White ppt. or
milkiness indicates the presence of Ca2+
ions.
3. Test for Magnesium:-
2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
NH4Cl solution is added to it and then
excess of Ammonium phosphate
solution is added. The side of the
testtube is scratched with a glass rod.
White precipitate indicates the presence
of Mg2+ ions.

4. Test for Iron:-


2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
a drop of conc. HNO3 is added and it is
heated. It is cooled and 2-3 drops of
Potassium sulphocyanide solution is
added to it. Blood red colour shows the
presence of iron.
TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES

1. Fehling`s test:
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
1ml each of Fehling`s solution A and
Fehling`s solution B are added to it and
boiled. Red precipitate indicates the
presence of reducing sugars.
2. Tollen`s test:
2-3 ml of aqueous solution of honey
is taken in a test tube. 2-3ml of
Tollen`s reagent is added. The test
tube is kept in a boiling water bath
for about ten minutes. A shining
silver mirror indicates the presence
of reducing carbohydrates.
OBSERVATION TABLE

Substance taken: Honey


SL.
TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE
NO
Test for
Potassium:- Potassium is
Yellow ppt.is
1. present.
Honey + Picric observed
acid solution
Test for
Calcium:-
Honey + NH4Cl White ppt.or
Calcium is
2. soln. + NH4OH milkiness is not
absent.
soln. filtered + observed
(NH4)2C2O4

Test for
Magnesium:-

3. Honey+ NH4OH White ppt.is not Magnesium


(till solution observed is absent.
becomes alkaline)
+ (NH4)3Po4
Test for Iron:-
Honey+
conc.HNO3, heated Blood red colour Iron is
4. and cooled, + present.
is observed
potassium
sulphocyanide

Fehling`s test:-
Honey + 1mL each Reducing
of Fehling`s Red ppt. is sugar is
5.
solution A and observed present.
Fehling`s solution B

Tollen’s test:-
Honey + 2-3mL
Shining silver Reducing
Tollen`s reagent,
6. mirror is carbohydrate
test tube in water
observed is present
bath for 10 minutes

RESULT
Potassium is present.
Iron is present.
Calcium is absent.
Magnesium is absent.
Honey contains reducing sugar.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.scribd.com/doc/199573496/
Chemistry-Investigatory-Project
✓Google photos

✓ Wikipedia

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