EE107L AC Machinery Laboratory

Signature Over Full Name Mine, Daiki A.

Student Number 2015206212

Experiment No. 5
The Three-Phase Induction Motor

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Prepared by: Cesar G. Manalo, Jr. for EE107L online laboratory experiment.
EE107L AC Machinery Laboratory

Experiment No. 5
The Three-Phase Induction Motor
OBJECTIVES:

• To learn how to solve an induction motor-related problem using the simulated induction
motor.

DISCUSSION:

There are two types of 3-phase induction motors: the squirrel-cage induction motor and the
wound-rotor induction motor. They differ on how the rotor is designed. The following discussion
pertains to squirrel-cage induction motors.

The simplest and most widely used rotor for induction motors is the so-called squirrel-cage rotor,
from which the squirrel-cage induction motor gets its name. The squirrel-cage rotor consists of a
laminated iron core which is slotted lengthwise around its periphery. Solid bars of copper or
aluminum are tightly pressed or embedded into the rotor slots. At both ends of the rotor, short-
circuiting rings are welded or brazed to the bars to make a solid structure. The short-circuited
bars, because their resistance is much less than the core, do not have to be specially insulated
from the core. In some rotors the bars and end rings are cast as a single integral structure for
placement on the core. The short-circuiting elements form shorted turns that have high current
induced in them by the stator field flux.

Compared to the intricately wound and arranged wound rotor or the armature of the DC motor,
the squirrel-cage rotor is relatively simple. It is easy to manufacture and is essentially trouble-
free in actual service.

In an assembled squirrel-cage induction motor, the periphery of the rotor is separated from the
stator by a very small air gap. The width of this air gap, in fact, is as small as mechanical clearance
needs will permit. This ensures that the strongest possible electromagnetic induction action will
take place.

When power is applied to the stator of a practical induction motor, a rotating magnetic field is
created by any one of the means you learned about. As the field begins to revolve, its flux lines
cut the shorted turns embedded around the surface of the squirrel-cage rotor and generate
voltages in them by electromagnetic induction. Because these turns are short circuits with very
low resistance, the induced voltages cause high currents then produce their own strong magnetic
fields. These local rotor flux fields produce their own magnetic poles, which are attracted to the
rotating field. Thus, the rotor revolves with the maid field.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Prepared by: Cesar G. Manalo, Jr. for EE107L online laboratory experiment.
EE107L AC Machinery Laboratory

The starting torque of the basic squirrel-cage induction motor is low, because at rest the rotor
has a relatively large inductive reactance (XL) with respect to its resistance. Under these
conditions we would expect the rotor current to lag rotor voltage by 90 o. We thus say that the
power factor in the circuit is low. This means that the motor is inefficient as a load and cannot
derive useful energy for its operation from the power source.

In this experiment, since the three-phase induction motor will be a simulated equivalent
circuit, there is no equivalent starting circuit.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:

Three-Phase Induction Motor Schematic Diagram

The simulated 3-phase induction motor is a Y-connected machine with its neutral point
connected to the neutral point of a Y-connected supply source (Fig. 5.1).

Figure 5.1

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Prepared by: Cesar G. Manalo, Jr. for EE107L online laboratory experiment.
EE107L AC Machinery Laboratory

ROTOR

The rotor is an impedance,

𝑹𝟐
+ 𝒋𝑿𝟐
𝒔

where,
𝑋2 – is the rotor reactance referred to the stator
𝑅2 – is the rotor resistance referred to the stator
s – is the slip of the motor in %

The slip s is controlled by the % position of the potentiometer s.

STATOR

The stator consists of two parts: The resistor 𝑅𝐶 and reactance 𝑗𝑋𝐶 that represents the core loss
and magnetizing current respectively and 𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 that represents the stator resistance and
leakage reactance.

Speed (𝝎𝒎 )

The actual speed of the induction motor 𝜔𝑚 can be computed from the formula,

𝟒𝝅𝒇
𝝎𝒎 = (𝟏 − 𝒔) 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔
𝑷
where,

𝑓- frequency of the source voltage

Power Input (𝑷𝑰𝑵 ), Stator Copper Loss (𝑷𝑺𝑪𝑳 ), Stator Core Loss (𝑷𝑺𝑪𝒓𝑳 )

𝑷𝑰𝑵 = √𝟑 𝑽𝑳 𝑰𝑳 (𝑷𝑭) = 𝟑𝑽𝑷 𝑰𝑷 (𝑷𝑭)

𝑉𝐿 - line-to-line voltage
𝐼𝐿 - line current
𝑃𝐹- power factor of the motor
𝑉𝑃 - line-to-neutral voltage or phase voltage

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Prepared by: Cesar G. Manalo, Jr. for EE107L online laboratory experiment.
EE107L AC Machinery Laboratory

𝐼𝑃 - phase current

Rotor Copper Loss (𝑷𝑹𝑪𝑳 ), Air-gap Power (𝑷𝑨𝑮 ), Converted Power (𝑷𝑪𝑶𝑵𝑽 ), and Induced
Torque (𝝉𝑰𝑵𝑫 )

𝑷𝑹𝑪𝑳 = 𝟑𝑰𝟐 𝟐 𝑹𝟐

𝑹𝟐
𝑷𝑨𝑮 = 𝟑𝑰𝟐 𝟐
𝒔

𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗 = (𝟏 − 𝒔)𝑷𝑨𝑮

𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗
𝝉𝒊𝒏𝒅 =
𝝎𝒎
where,

𝑅2
𝐼2 - is the current through impedance + 𝑗𝑋2
𝑠

Output (Shaft) Power (𝑷𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑭𝑻 ), Shaft Torque (𝝉𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑭𝑻 )

𝑷𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑭𝑻 = 𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗 − 𝑷𝑭&𝑾 − 𝑷𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑨𝒀

𝑷𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑭𝑻
𝝉𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑭𝑻 =
𝝎𝒎
where,

𝑃𝐹&𝑊 - friction and windage loss

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This motor is a 208-V, 4-pole, 60-Hz, Y-connected squirrel-cage induction machine rated at 30
HP. Its equivalent circuit components are the following:

R1 = 0.100 Ω R2 = 0.070 Ω XM = 10.0 Ω

PF&W = 500 W PSTRAY = 0

The machine is operating at a slip of 5%.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Prepared by: Cesar G. Manalo, Jr. for EE107L online laboratory experiment.
EE107L AC Machinery Laboratory

PROCEDURE:

1. Solve for the actual speed of the motor in rad/s and rev/min (rpm) and record the result.

𝝎𝒎 = 𝟏𝟖𝟕. 𝟓𝟓___ 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔

𝒏𝒎 = __𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟏___ 𝒓𝒑𝒎

2. Open the schematic diagram of the 3-phase induction motor in Multisim Live and set the
values of 𝑅1 , 𝑋1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑋2 , 𝑅𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 in the schematic diagram. . (Note that the inductance of
𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , & 𝑋𝑚 should be set based on a frequency of 60 Hz. Just a assume a very large value
for 𝑅𝐶 , say 100 MΩ). Also set the line-to-neutral voltage of the source for a line-to-line voltage
of 208 Vac, 60 Hz

a. Capture an image of the schematic diagram with the set values and post this in Fig.
5.2.

Figure 5.2

b. Start the simulation.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Prepared by: Cesar G. Manalo, Jr. for EE107L online laboratory experiment.
EE107L AC Machinery Laboratory

c. Using phase “a”, measure and record the following: (Note that since the motor is a
balanced 3-phase load, all voltages and current measurement will be the same for all
3 phases).

𝐼2 = __76.479___ 𝐴𝑟𝑚𝑠

𝐼1 = __78.357___ 𝐴𝑟𝑚𝑠

𝐸1 = __107.69___ 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠

d. Capture an image of the waveforms of the phase voltage (𝑉𝑝 ), 𝐼1, 𝐼2 & 𝐸1 using phase
“a” and post the image in Fig. 5.3 below.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Prepared by: Cesar G. Manalo, Jr. for EE107L online laboratory experiment.
EE107L AC Machinery Laboratory

Figure 5.3

e. From the plots shown in Multisim Live, measure and record the power factor of the
motor and state whether it is leading or lagging. (This is the cosine of the angle
difference between the phase voltage and phase current. You may select phase “a”).

𝑃𝐹 = cos(𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒) = _0.362__𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔__

f. Compute and record the following, based on the measured values above;

𝑷𝑰𝑵 = √𝟑 𝑽𝑳 𝑰𝑳 (𝑷𝑭) = 𝟑𝑽𝑷 𝑰𝑷 (𝑷𝑭) = __𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟑. 𝟎𝟏___ 𝑾

𝑷𝑺𝑪𝑳 = __𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟖. 𝟖𝟗___ 𝑾

𝑷𝑺𝑪𝒓𝑳 = _𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟕____ 𝑾

𝑷𝑹𝑪𝑳 = __𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟔. 𝟐𝟒___ 𝑾

𝑷𝑨𝑮 = __𝟐𝟒𝟓𝟒𝟐. 𝟖𝟔___ 𝑾

𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗 = __𝟐𝟑𝟐𝟗𝟖. 𝟔𝟐___ 𝑾

𝝉𝒊𝒏𝒅 = __𝟏𝟐𝟒. 𝟐𝟑___ 𝑵𝒎

g. Compute for the shaft power and the shaft torque.

𝑷𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑭𝑻 = __𝟑𝟎. 𝟗𝟖___ 𝑯𝑷

𝝉𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑭𝑻 = __𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟓𝟔___ 𝑵𝒎

h. Compute for the efficiency of the induction motor.

𝑷𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑭𝑻
𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 = = _____%
𝑷𝑰𝑵

3. Stop the simulation.

*****END OF EXPERIMENT*****

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Prepared by: Cesar G. Manalo, Jr. for EE107L online laboratory experiment.
EE107L AC Machinery Laboratory

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Prepared by: Cesar G. Manalo, Jr. for EE107L online laboratory experiment.