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University of Tripoli

This experiment aims to characterize drilling muds as Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids by measuring their viscosity, gel strength, and yield point using a variable speed rheometer and Marsh funnel. Rheological properties like viscosity and gel strength are important for determining how well a drilling mud can carry cuttings and maintain circulation. The procedures outline taking viscosity measurements at different rotor speeds and gel strength measurements after specified resting times to calculate properties like plastic viscosity and yield point.

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Rahaf Nasr
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83 views

University of Tripoli

This experiment aims to characterize drilling muds as Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids by measuring their viscosity, gel strength, and yield point using a variable speed rheometer and Marsh funnel. Rheological properties like viscosity and gel strength are important for determining how well a drilling mud can carry cuttings and maintain circulation. The procedures outline taking viscosity measurements at different rotor speeds and gel strength measurements after specified resting times to calculate properties like plastic viscosity and yield point.

Uploaded by

Rahaf Nasr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF TRIPOLI

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

PE383L

EXPERIMENT NO. 2

RHEOLOGY & GEL STRENGTH

NAME: Rahaf Nasereldien Alrajhi


ID: 22180472
GROUP:1
SUPERVISED BY: Nisreen
► Objectives:
The aim of this experiment is to learn how to operate and
take reading with a Viscometer, in order to:
•Investigate the fluid character being Newtonian or Non-
Newtonian
•Viscosity determination as a function of Temperature
•Gel Strength determination of the drilling mud.

► Introduction:
Drilling operations cannot be successful without proper
rheology. Rheological measurement of drilling fluids
(Such as viscosity, gel strength, yield point) help
determine how the fluid will flow under a variety of
conditions. It is an important aspect of drilling fluid
properties required to accomplish certain desired
objectives in drilling operations.
► Rheology:
The science and study of deformation and flow of matter.

► Fluid Characterization:
Drilling fluids are characterized into:
•Newtonian Fluids (True Fluids) where the ratio of the
shear stress to shear rate or viscosity is constant e.g water,
lights.
•Non-Newtonian (Plastic Fluids) where the viscosity is
not constant e.g., Drilling muds, colloids etc.

► Rheology Calculations:
-Determination of the viscosity of the mud and related
formulas for solutions of readings from the Viscometer
are as follows:-
•Plastic Viscosity (PV):
cp=600rpm reading -300rpm reading
•Apparent Viscosity (AV):
cp = 600rpm reading/2
•Yield Point (YP): (ib/100ft^2)
YP=300rpm reading-PV
► Viscosity:
ability of mud to carry the cuttings during drilling
circulation and measured as ratio of the shear stress to
shear rate.

► Marsh Funnel Viscosity:


A very simple device for measuring viscosity and
apparent viscosity is measured in seconds by allowing the
mud to flow out of the funnel.
The time it takes a volume of mud to flow from a cone
through the short tube is recorded.
►Test Procedure:

1. With the funnel in an upright position, cover the orifice


with a finger and pour the freshly collected mud sample
through the screen into a clean, dry funnel until the fluid
level reaches the bottom of the screen (1500 ml).
2. Immediately remove the finger from the outlet and
measure the time required for the mud to fill the receiving
vessel to the (930 ml) level
►Variable Speed Rheometer:

► Test Equipment:
The Rheometer is a coaxial cylindrical rotational
viscometer, used to determine single or multi-point
viscosities. It has fixed speeds of 3 (GEL), 100, 200, 300
and 600 RPM that are switch selectable with the RPM
knob.
Additionally, the same switch set to the VAR position
enables speed selection of between 3 and 600 RPM, by
manual adjustment of the variable knob.
►VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT
PROCEDURE:
1. Place a recently agitated sample in the cup, tilt back the
upper housing of the rheometer, locate the cup under the
sleeve (the pins on the bottom of the cup fit into the holes
in the base plate), and lower the upper housing to its
normal position.
2. Turn the knurled knob between the rear support posts
to raise or lower the rotor sleeve until it is immersed in
the sample to the scribed line.
3. Stir the sample for about 10 seconds at 600 RPM, then
select the RPM desired for the best.
4.Wait for the dial reading to stabilize (the time depends
on the sample's characteristics).
5. Record the dial reading and RPM.
►Gel strength:
is ability of mud to hold cuttings when circulation
stopped.

► Gel force measurement procedures:


1. Stir a sample at 600 rpm for 10 seconds.
2. Turn the RPM knob to the STOP position.
3. Wait for the required rest time (usually 10 seconds or
10 minutes).
4. Switch the RPM knob to the GEL position.
5. Record the first direct reading.
► YIELD POINT:
This is the measure of the electro-chemical or attractive
forces in the mud under flow (dynamic) conditions. These
forces depend on
(1) surface properties of the mud solids.
(2) volume concentrations of the solids and.
(3) electrical environment of the solids.
The yield point of the mud reflects its ability to carry
drilled cuttings out of the hole.
*Measurement:
•YP = 300 RPM - Plastic Viscosity
► Data and Analysis of Results:
Pre mix
Pre mix
Mud sand
+250cc water
+20gm
bentonite
Ɵ600
Ɵ300
Ɵ200
Ɵ100
Ɵ
Ɵ
Gels @10 sec
Gels @ 10
min

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