JNTUA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,KALIKIRI

ANNAMAYYA (DIST)

COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

WATER POLLUTION

PRESENTED BY :
P.GOWTHAMI (20KA1A0101)
M.LIKITHA VARDHAN (20KA1A0106)
B.SURESH NAIK (20KA1A0107)
P.SIREESHA (20KA1A0115)
P.HARSHA VARDHAN REDDY (20KA1A0117)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

 WATER
POLLUTION
WHAT IS WATER POLLUTION ?
 Water pollution is the contamination of water sources by substances
which make the water unusable for drinking, cooking, cleaning,
swimming, and other activities. Pollutants include chemicals, trash,
bacteria, and parasites. All forms of pollution eventually make their way to
water.
 Water pollution can be defined as the contamination of water bodies.
Water pollution is caused when water bodies such as rivers, lakes,
oceans, groundwater and aquifers get contaminated with industrial and
agricultural effluents.
 When water gets polluted, it adversely affects all lifeforms that directly or
indirectly depend on this source. The effects of water contamination can
be felt for years to come.
WHAT IS WATER POLLUTION ?
Water
. pollution or Aquatic pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a
result of human activities, so that it negatively affects its uses . Water bodies include lakes,
rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs, and ground water.
Water pollution results when contaminants are introduced into these water
bodies. Water pollution can be attributed to one of four sources:
1. Sewage Discharges
2. Agricultural Activities
3. Industrial Activities
4. Urban Runoff including Storm water.
 Water pollution happens when toxic substances enter water bodies such
as lakes, rivers, oceans and so on, getting dissolved in them, lying
suspended in the water or depositing on the bed. This degrades the
quality of water.
 Not only does this spell disaster for aquatic ecosystems, the pollutants
also seep through and reach the groundwater, which might end up in our
households as contaminated water we use in our daily activities, including
drinking.
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF POLLUTED RIVER NEAR
RAYACHOTY
TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION :
 The types of water pollution include:
• Groundwater Pollution
• Surface Water Pollution
• Suspended Matter
• Oil Spillages
• Microbiological Pollution
• Chemical Water Pollution
 GROUND WATER POLLUTION :
 Groundwater comes from below the Earth’s surface, found in stores called aquifers. A
key source of water pollution that ends up in groundwater resources comes from
agriculture. Fertilizers and pesticides applied to farmland are easily absorbed into the
ground, or they can be transported as runoff during rainfall.
 Groundwater can also become contaminated when waste from landfills and septic
systems leaches into the ground. Once these harmful chemicals find their way into
groundwater, they are often extracted from wells or boreholes, compromising the
quality of water.
 SURFACE WATER POLLUTION :
 Surface water refers to all bodies of water above the Earth’s surface, such as oceans,
lakes, and rivers. Any hazardous substance that comes into contact with `pollution
occurs in three ways: naturally, accidentally, and intentionally.
• Naturally: Flooding or tsunamis, that pick up fertilizers, pesticides, debris, and other
contaminants.
• Accidentally: Oil spills and agricultural runoff.
• Intentionally: Industries dumping waste directly into waterways .
 SUSPENDED MATTER :
 Waste such as plastics, rubber, and other man-made materials that are improperly
disposed of and cannot be broken down easily in water is called particulate or
suspended matter.
 The suspended particles either settle at the bottom of water sources, damaging marine
life and leaching toxic chemicals into drinking water supplies, or they float on the
surface of the water, preventing oxygen and sunlight from penetrating the water below.
 As the suspended matter breaks down into smaller particulate matter, the suspended
toxic chemicals threaten the survival of aquatic plants and animals.
 OIL SPILLAGES :
 Water can be polluted from accidental oil spills, transportation, runoff, and intentionally
dumping. Oil spillage can have devastating effects on water environments, and they
are extremely difficult to remove; just one liter of oil can pollute one million liters of
water.
 Oil spills make up 12% of the oil that enters the world’s oceans. The rest of the oil
spillages come from shipping/transport, draining, and dumping. Most oil spills are
localized, but even a small amount of oil can be extremely hazardous to humans and
marine life.
 MICROBIOLOGICAL POLLUTION :
 Microbiological pollution is a type of naturally occurring water pollution. It comes from
microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa that can cause waterborne
diseases such as cholera. This type of water pollution is common in areas where
people drink untreated water.
 Humans are very sensitive to this type of water pollution, therefore adequate drinking
water systems play an important role in eliminating microbiological pollution. If water is
not treated, it causes serious illnesses to humans that drink the contaminated water,
and it can also cause fish and other aquatic organisms to die.
 CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTION :
 Chemicals are the most common type of water pollution, and many industries use
chemicals that can end up in water systems. These chemicals can be anything from
metals and solvents in industrial operations, fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural
industry to chemicals used in pest control companies. When the chemicals enter the
soil and water systems, it has negative impacts on humans, livestock, and fish that
utilize these environments.
 In water settings, chemical water pollution is very toxic to aquatic life, inhibiting their
growth, affecting their reproduction, or even causing death.
 SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION :
 The most significant sources of water pollution are :
• Sewage (Waste Water):The sewage water carries pathogens, a typical water pollutant,
other harmful bacteria, and chemicals that can cause serious health problems and thereby
diseases.
• Agricultural Pollution: Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used by farmers to protect
crops from insects and bacteria. However, when these chemicals are mixed up with water,
they produce harmful pollutants for plants and animals.
• Oil Pollution: Oil spill poses a huge threat to marine life when a large amount of oil spills
into the sea and does not dissolve in water. It causes problems for local marine wildlife,
including fish, birds, and sea otters.
• Industrial Waste: Industries produce a tremendous amount of waste, which contains toxic
chemicals and pollutants, causing air pollution and damage to our environment and us.
 SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION :
• The burning of fossil fuels: Fossil fuels like coal and oil, when burnt, produce a
substantial amount of ash in the atmosphere. The particles which contain toxic
chemicals when mixed with Water vapour result in acid rain.
• River dumping and Marine Dumping: The garbage produced by households in the
form of paper, plastic, food, aluminium, rubber, glass, is collected and dumped into the
rivers and seas., they not only cause water pollution but also harm aquatic animals.
FIGURE SHOWING THE SOURCES OF
WATER POLLUTION
CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION :
 Water pollution can bring about disastrous consequences – for instance, a factory that
pumped out a very toxic waste product into the sea directly contributed to causing
neurological illness to an entire town for many decades (The Minimata Incident). The
following are the effects of water pollution:
• Water pollution drastically affects human health; in fact, it can kill. In 2015 alone, a study
revealed that waterborne illnesses caused 1.8 million deaths worldwide.
• It can cause contamination of drinking water – thereby contributing to waterborne
illnesses.
• Water pollution also affects the ecosystem – it can cause a phenomenon called
eutrophication. This can cause fish and other aquatic organisms to die.
• Toxic elements dissolved in water can make their way to humans through fish or other
aquatic organisms.
• Water pollution also leaches chemicals into the soil that may impact the growth of plants
or other food crops.
 EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION :
 Consumption of polluted water is a major cause of ill health in India. Polluted water
causes some of the deadly diseases like cholera, dysentery, diarrhea, tuberculosis,
jaundice, etc. About 80 per cent of stomach diseases in India are caused by polluted
water.
 Bacteria that cause , cholera, dysentery, typhoid, hepatitis A, and polio can be found
in contaminated water. According to the United Nations, some 297,000 children under the
age of five die each year from diseases caused by poor sanitation, hygiene, or unsafe
drinking water.
 A series of less serious health effects could be associated to bathing in contaminated
water (i.e. polluted beach water) including:
• Rashes
• Earaches
• Pink eyes
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION :
• Diseases caused by polluted water, including:
• Gastroenteritis
• Diarrhea
• Encephalitis
• Stomach cramps and aches
• Vomiting
• Fluorosis
• Hepatitis
• Respiratory infections.
• Liver damage and even cancer
• Kidney damage caused by a series of chemicals
• Neurological problems - damage to the nervous system – usually due to the presence
of chemicals such as pesticides (e.g. DDT)
• Thyroid system disorders
• Increased water pollution creates breeding grounds for malaria-carrying mosquitoes,
which kill 1.2-2.7 million people a year
 CONTROL MEASURES OF WATER POLLUTION :
 FOUR STEPS TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION :
 Step 1: Implementing Control measures
 This is the first step of the process, and strict control measures should be implemented for the
activities causing water pollution. The community should reduce activities such as plastic usage and
sewage dumping. There are many things that society can do to implement control measures for
water pollution.
 Step 2: Wastewater treatment
 This is the next step in controlling water pollution. We can control water pollution by reducing the
proportion of wasted water. The pollutants should be removed from water through chemical,
biological or physical treatments.
 Step 3: Purification
 Further, water purification initiatives should be carried out thoroughly to destroy the pollutants and
harmful elements from water to a substantial extent.
 Step 4: Spreading awareness
CONTROL MEASURES OF WATER POLLUTION :
 Water Pollution Control Measures
• Before being released from power plants, hot water needs to be cooled.
• Domestic cleaning should be prohibited in tanks, streams, and rivers that supply drinking
water.
• Use of fertilizers and insecticides in excess should be avoided.
• Chemical fertilizers can be replaced by organic farming and efficient use of animal waste
as fertilizer.
• Water hyacinth (an aquatic weed and an invasive plant) can purify water by removing
harmful compounds and heavy metals.
• Bregoli, a by-product of the paper industry that resembles sawdust, oil zappers, and
microorganisms, can be used to clean oil spills in water.
• It has been suggested that eucalyptus trees be planted everywhere along sewage ponds.
These trees quickly absorb excess wastewater and emit pure water vapour into the
atmosphere.
CONTROL MEASURES OF WATER POLLUTION :
 Administration of water pollution control should be in the hands of state or central
government.
 Scientific techniques should be adopted for environmental control of catchment
areas of rivers, ponds or streams.
 No type of waste should be discharged into any natural water body.
 Industrial plants should be based on recycling operations.
 Public awareness must be initiated.
WATER POLLUTION
CONCLUSION :
Water is an essential natural resource for the life of all living
things. Any irresponsible behaviour in the part of humanity affects all the other
beneficiaries. Consequently, there is a need to protect water bodies from
deliberate pollution.
THANK YOU