Welcome to

Seerah Expo 2022

Glimpses from
The Life of
Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Organized By
Jamaat e Islami Hind
Malakpet
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

The Birth

Mother: Amina Bint Wahb

Father: Abdullah (Died 2 months before)
Grandfather: Abdul Muttalib
Tribe / City: Quraish / Makkah
Month: Rabi ul Awwal
Year: Year of the Elephant (570 CE)
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Lost Mother and

Grandfather
576 to 578 CE – 6 to 8 years old
While living amongst Banu Saad,
the family of his wet nurse Halimah,
Angel Jibrail AS came to the
Prophet PBUH and opens his chest,
removes a clot from his heart
and cleanse it with Zamzam water.
Halimah sends him back to his mother
after this incident.

576 CE – 6 years old

Mother Aminah died
at Abwa while
returning from
Madinah to Makkah

578 CE – 8 years old

Grandfather
Abdul Muttalib died.
Uncle Abu Talib
becomes his guardian
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Business Trip to
Syria (Al-Sham)

582 CE – 12 years old

During his trip to Syria with his
uncle Abu Talib, the caravan camped near
the monastery of Bahirah, a Christian
monk.
He recognized the Prophet PBUH
as a Messenger from Allah.
Bahirah advised Abu Talib to send him
back to Makkah as he fears that the Jews
may harm him.
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Al-Fuzoul
Alliance

َ‫فَتعاقدُ واَوثعاهدُ واَعَلَ َأ ْنََلََيِدُ واَبِمكَّةَم ْظلُو ًماَ ِم ْنَ َأ ْه ِلهاَوغ ْ ِْي ِ ِْهَ ِم َّم ْنَدخلها‬
‫ِم ْنَسائِ ِرَاليَّ ِاسَا ََّلَقا ُمواَمعهَُوَكهُواَعَلَم ْنَظلمهَُح ََّّتَ ُتر َّدَعل ْي ِهَم ْظ ِلم ُت َُه‬
They promised and pledged that they
would not find any oppressed person
among their people or among anyone else
who entered Makkah except that they
would support him. They would stand
against whoever oppressed him until the
rights of the oppressed were returned.
Source: al-Sīrah al-Nabawīyah

585/586 CE – 15/16 years old

The Prophet PBUH took part in
the Fijar (Sacrilegious) War as
an attendant to his uncles.
A merchant from Yemen traded goods
with a Makkan Quraish, who refused to
pay his due. He climbed a mountain &
began shouting for justice.
Hence representatives of many tribes
were called to meet at the residence of
„Abdullah bin Jada„an At-Taimy to enter
into a confederacy.
This treaty is known as Hilf al-Fudoul
(Fudoul Alliance), which establishes a
framework of justice.
Lessons:
Always be part of any good initiative.
Always stand for justice.
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Marriage to Khadija
RA

MUSLIMAH

595 CE – 25 years old

After hearing of his honesty and
trustworthiness, a noble widow Khadija
RA appointed Muhammad PBUH as her
representative for her merchandise that
set out for Syria.
Impressed by his character and conduct,
she proposed to him through a friend,
and he accepted.
He PBUH was 25 years & she was 40
years.
He PBUH gave 20 camels as mehr.
Lessons:
We must be honest & sincere in our work.
We must follow the great character
of our Prophet PBUH
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Sons and
Daughters

Muhammad PBUH and Khadija RA had

6 children: 2 sons & 4 daughters
599 CE – 29 years old
1st Child/Son born: Al-Qasim died in infacy
600 CE – 30 years old
2nd Child/Daughter born: Zainab
603 CE – 33 years old
3rd Child/Daughter born: Ruqayyah
604 CE – 34 years old
4th Child/Daughter born: Umm Kulthum
605 CE – 35 years old
5th Child/Daughter born: Fatima
614 CE – 4 N – 44 years old
6th Child/Son: Abdullah died in months

629 CE – 8 H – 60 years old

7th Child /Son: Ibrahim S/o Mariya RA
Died in 18 months
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Placing Black Stone

in Ka‟ba
Shami Corner Al Mizaab

Multazam Door of
(The wall between door of Maqam e the Ka’ba
Ka’ba and Black Stone) Ibrahim

605 CE – 35 years old

After a devastating flood, the Ka‟ba is in
dire need of repair.
The Quraish rebuild the Ka‟ba, into the
shape that we see today.
While placing the Black Stone, a
disagreement broke out as to which tribe
should place it.
The matter was settled when
the Prophet PBUH gave an
agreeable solution and affixed the Black
Stone with his own hands.
The people called him Al-Ameen (the
trustworthy)
Lessons:
Always try to find an amicable solution
to all problems
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Prophethood

610 CE – 40 years old

While in seclusion in the cave of Hira,
the Angel Jibrail AS came to the Prophet
PBUH & revealed the first 5 verses of
Surah al-‟Alaq.

First to believe in his Prophethood:

Khadija RA
Zaid ibn Harith RA
„Ali ibn Abi Talib RA
Abu Bakr RA
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

The 1st Revelation

of Quran
Surah Al-‟Alaq

َ‫اےنپَربَےکَانمَےکَساثھ‬
ّ )‫اےَهب‬
َ‫پڑھوَ( ی‬
،‫جسَےنَپيداَکيا‬

‫ےمجَہوَئےَخونَےکَایکَلوثھڑےَےسَاوسانَیکَختليقَیک۔‬

‫َاورَمتہاراَربَبڑاَکرمیَےہ‬،‫پڑھو‬

،‫جسَےنَقملَےکَذریعہَےسَعملَسکھاای‬

‫اوسانَکوَوہَعملَدایَجےسَوہَهہَجاهتاَثھا۔‬

610 CE – 40 years old

• The 1st word revealed is “Read”
• When the Angel asked the Prophet to
Read, it was in written form
• Say “Bismillah” and read
• Your Lord has created the whole
universe and everything in it
• He created the man from an
insignificant state
• He blessed him with knowledge and
gave pen to propagation, progress,
dissemination and preservation of
knowledge
Lessons:
Islam has given importance to
gaining knowledge
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Secret Preaching

610 to 613 CE – 40 to 43 years old

The Prophet PBUH secretly preached the
message of Islam to those close to him
in secret at the house of Al-Arqam.
From amongst the very first converts are:
 „Uthman ibn Affan RA,
 Sa‟ad ibn Abi Waqqas RA,
 Talhah ibn Ubaydullah RA,
 Abdur Rahman ibn „Awf RA,
 Zubayr ibn al-Awwam RA,
 Bilal ibn Rabah RA,
 Sa‟id ibn Zaid RA and
 Abu Ubaydah ibn Jarrah RA
Lessons:
All of us are responsible to teach Islam
to our families
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Open Preaching

َ‫و َأه ِذ ْرَع ِشْيثكَأ ْ َْل ْقربِي‬

‫ڈراوب‬
‫اےنپ قر یب ترنی رہتش داروں وک ٴ‬
And warn your tribe (O Muhammad) of near kindred [26:214]

ِ ْ ‫فٱ ْصد ْعَبِماَث ُْؤم ُرَو َأ ْع ِر ْضَع ِنَألْ ُم‬

َ‫ْش ِلي‬
‫اسوکوھکلرکانسدو‬،‫سجزیچاکآپوکمکحدیااجراہےہ‬،ؐ‫سپاےیبن‬
‫اوررشکرکےنواولںیکذرارپواہنرکو‬
Now, proclaim what you are commanded to, and turn away
from those who ascribe partners to Allah [15:94]

613 CE – 43 years old

The Prophet PBUH openly calls the rest of
the Makkans to Islam.
He invited his kinsmen on dinner and
presented Islam.
To shield him from abuse,
Abu Talib grants him protection
though he does not accept Islam.
He climbed Mount As-Safa one day and
called out loudly: "O Sabahah! He called
them to testify to the Oneness of Allah,
and believe in him as Messenger of Allah,
and the Day of Resurrection.
An Advisory Council met to debar
Pilgrims from the Prophet‟s Call on the
advise of Waleed Bin Mugheerah, and
decided to spread rumours against him
Lessons:
Conveying the message of Islam is a
responsibility on all of us
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Persecution of
Muslims

613 CE – 43 years old

Muslims face constant mockery,
persecution and abuse at the hands of the
Makkans.
The brunt of the suffering is borne by
slaves; who have lower tribal status in
society; or have no strong tribal alliances.
Bilal ibn Rabah RA is tortured by his
master, Umayyah ibn Khalaf, until he is
almost on the brink of death. Abu Bakr
RA buys him from and set him free.
1st Martyr of Islam
Sumayyah bint Khayyat RA is killed by
Abu Jahl and she becomes the first person
to die for Islam. Her husband Yasir RA is
killed right after her.

Lessons:
To safeguard faith, one should
sacrifice everything
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Migration to
Abyssinia

614 CE – 44 years old – 1st Migration

Unable to tolerate the persecution, a small
group of 12 men and 4 women were
granted permission to migrate to the
Christian country of Abyssinia.
Among the emigrants were „Uthman bin
„Affan RA and his wife Ruqaiyyah RA
(the daughter of the Prophet PBUH)

616 CE – 46 years old – 2nd Migration

Having prematurely returned from
Abyssinia upon hearing false rumours
that the Makkans have accepted Islam,
some Muslims went back.
This time a bigger group of 83 men and
18 women migrated.
Lessons:
If practicing faith becomes difficult,
one must migrate to other place
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Hamza and Umar

Accept Islam

615 CE – 45 years old

Upon being informed about Abu Jahl‟s
physical abuse of the Prophet PBUH,
Hamza, the paternal half-uncle of the
Prophet PBUH, declares himself a
Muslim. Being a honoured warrior
among the Makkans, Hamza's conversion
brings courage to the Muslims.
The Prophet‟s PBUH du‟a to Allah about
granting Islam to either Abu Jahl or
„Umar Bin Khattab is answered.
Though a stern enemy of Islam in the
beginning, „Umar's RA conversion brings
great strength and more determination
to the Muslims.
Lessons:
Strong Muslims bring courage and
strength to the community.
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Social and
Economic Boycott

616-619 CE – 46-49 years old

To stop the Prophet‟s call,
Quraish decided to boycott the tribes of
Banu Hashim & Banu Al-Muttalib
through a proclamation that was hung
in Ka‟ba, disallowing any form of
societal dealing or trade with Muslims,
and were confined to a narrow pass
(Shi‟b Abi Talib) for 3 years.
Muslims suffered severe hunger &
hardship during this period.
Boycott was revoked when the white
ants ate away the proclamation except
the words “In your name, O Allah”

Lessons:
Patience & steadfastness on Deen
will definitely yield results
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

The Year of
Sorrow

619 CE - Rajab – 49 years old

Abu Talib died, signalling the end of the

tribal protection granted to the Prophet
PBUH.
The Makkans now openly persecute the
Prophet PBUH without any fear of
reprisal from his clan.

619 CE - Ramadan – 49 years old

Khadijah RA died, signalling the end of
the greatest source of emotional support
and comfort for the Prophet PBUH.
Due to these losses, this year is known as
„Aam al-Huzn, the Year of Sorrow.

Lessons:
Success comes after trials & tribulations.
Indeed, with hardship will come ease.
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Journey to Taif

619 CE – Shawwal – 49 years old

The Prophet PBUH, along with Zaid ibn
Harith RA, travelled to Taif with the
Message of Islam and for alliance with
Banu Thaqeef.
The leaders rejected his Message and
chase him out of the city, provoking its
people and children to pursue him and
pelt him with stones until he bleeds.
Allah SWT sent down Jibrail AS and
the Angel of mountains to crush the tribe
between Al-Akhshabain. The Prophet
PBUH replied not to harm them, and
prayed for their progeny to be Muslims.
619 CE – Dhul Qa‟dah – 49 years old
Al-Mut‟im ibn Adi grants asylum to the
Prophet PBUH. His clan escorts him into
Makkah safely. The Prophet PBUH
continued his mission of calling tribes
and individuals to Islam
Lessons:
The Prophet PBUH faced hardships &
suffered injuries while calling
towards Islam
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Al-Isra‟ and
Al-Mi‟raj
Glory be to the One Who took His
servant (the Prophet PBUH) by
night from Al-Masjid Al-Haram
(Makkah) to Masjid Al-Aqsa (Al-
Quds), whose surroundings we
have blessed, to show him some of
Our signs. Indeed, He is the All-
Hearing, the All-Seeing.
Quran [17:1]

621

621 CE – 51 years old

The Prophet PBUH was taken on a night
journey (Isra‟) first from Makkah to
Jerusalem, where he leads all the
Prophets in prayer, and from there
ascension (Mi‟raj) to the 7 Heavens and
beyond where he converses directly with
Allah SWT.
He saw some of the rewards of Paradise
and punishments of Hell.
The 5 daily obligatory prayers are
ordained by Allah during this event.
Lessons:
Always ask Allah for Paradise and
seek refuge from Hellfire
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

1st Pledge of
Aqabah
“We will not worship any one but one Allah;
we will not steal; neither will we commit adultery,
nor kill our children; we will not utter slander,
intentionally forging falsehood and
we will not disobey you in any just matter.”

620 CE – 50 years old

6 people of Madinah (Yathrib) embrace
Islam during Haj pilgrimage.
621 CE – 51 years old
They came back on next Haj with 7 more
people who readily accepted Islam.
These new Muslims of Madinah took the
famous 1st Pledge in a hillock at „Aqabah
The Prophet PBUH sent
Mus„ab bin „Umair RA to Madinah
as the 1st Muslim Ambassador
to teach them the doctrines of Islam,
give them practical guidance,
and to call others to Islam
The day Sa„d bin Mu„adh RA accepted
Islam, his whole clan accepted it
Lessons:
It is our duty to make arrangements
for Islamic teachings & Da‟wah
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

2nd Pledge of
Aqabah
The Prophet PBUH laid down the principles of the
pledge:
1. To listen and obey in all sets of
circumstances
2. To spend in plenty as well as in scarcity
3. To enjoin good and forbid evil
4. In Allah‟s service, you will fear the
censure of none
5. To defend me in case I seek your help,
and debar me from anything you debar
yourself, your spouses and children from
And if you observe those precepts, Paradise
is in store for you.

622 CE – 52 years old

New Muslims (73 men & 2 women) from
Madina arrived for Haj pilgrimage.
They met the Prophet PBUH secretly at
night in mid Tashreeq days (11,12,13 Dhul
Hajj) at Al-‟Aqabah rock
Uncle Abbas warned Khazraj to take him
if you can defend him against the enemies,
or else leave him as he is respected and
well defended in his own place
The gathering took the pledge with full
determination, courage and deep faith to
shoulder the responsibility and bear its
serious consequences
Lessons:
Those who support the cause of Allah
will get the best rewards
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

The Migration
(Hijrah)
Normal Route
Hijrah Route

623CE – 1 H – 53 years old

Allah grants Muhammad PBUH
permission to migrate to Yathrib /
Madinah. He sets out with Abu Bakr RA.
They took refuge for 3 days in the Cave of
Thawr to dodge the Quraishite pursuers,
who were chasing them to get the reward
of 100 camels.
Suraqah Bin Malik found them. He tried to
approach them, but his horse stopped. He
embraced Islam & diverted other trackers
Lessons:
If practicing Islam becomes difficult,
migration is Sunnah
Strategize to counter the plots of the
enemies
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

The 1st Mosque

(Masjid e Quba)

622 CE – 1 H – 52 years old

Travelling through a number of villages, the
Prophet PBUH and Abu Bakr RA reached
Quba, a suburb south of Madinah, and
stayed at Banu ‘Amr ibn ‘Awf for 14 days
The Prophet PBUH laid the foundation of the
First Masjid and performed prayers
The Prophet PBUH said: “Prayer in Masjid
Quba is like Umrah.” [Tirmidhi]
He waited for Ali RA to arrive from Makkah
after returning the trusts to their owners
The Prophet PBUH
established Masjid-e-Juma
at Banu Salim Ibn ‘Awf &
prayed 1st Friday prayer
Lessons:
Mosques are the heart of Islamic life.
Let‟s be regular with 5 daily prayers
in our Masjid
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Prophet‟s Arrival in
Madinah

623 CE – 1 H – 53 years old

Prophet Muhammad PBUH was given a
warm welcome at Yathrib, thereafter called
Al-Madinah An-Nabawiyyah.
Women and children recited poems out of
joy as the Prophet PBUH entered the city.
Every Ansari wanted the Prophet PBUH to be
their guest
He said: “I shall stay wherever Allah wants
me to. I shall stay in the house before which
my camel stops”
The Qaswah stopped in front of the house of
Abu Ayyub Al Ansari. He became the
Prophet’s Host.
Lessons:
The rights of the Prophet PBUH on Muslims:
Believe in him, love him, obey/follow him,
respect/honour him, support/defend him,
convey his message, send salutations on him
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Construction of
Masjid e Nabawi

623 CE – 1 H – 53 years old

The land of Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari’s house
that the Prophet’s PBUH camel finally rest
upon on when arriving in Madinah is chosen
and purchased to be the place of the Masjid.
The Prophet PBUH and many people
participated in the construction of
Masjid An-Nabawi

The azaan is established

as the call to prayer.
Bilal RA becomes the
1st muazzin.
Prophet Muhammad PBUH said: "One prayer
in my Mosque is better than 1000 prayers in
any other mosque except Masjid-AI-Haram.”
[Bukhari]
Lessons:
We must aspire to pray in the blessed
Masjid An-Nabawi PBUH.
Construction of Masjid is a source of
Sawab-e-Jariya (continuous reward)
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Pacts of Madinah

623 CE – 1 H – 53 years old

Bonds of Brotherhood
• The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬appointed a brother and helper
from the Ansar to each Muhajir
• Ansar demonstrated extreme love and sacrifice
• Muhajiroon took the help of the Ansar for some
time and then became independent
• The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬made peace agreement between
Aws and Khazraj tribes
Pacts with the Jews
• The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬made a treaty of cooperation
with Banu Qainuqa, Banu Nazeer, and Banu
Quraizah tribes of Jews
 The Jews will profess their religion, and the
Muslims theirs
 If attacked by a third party, each shall come to
the assistance of the other
 Each party shall hold counsel with the other.
Mutual relation shall be founded on
righteousness; sin is totally excluded
 The wronged party shall be aided
 Each shall contribute to defending Madinah in
case of an attack in their respective area
 Any final decision will be in the hands of Allah
and the Prophet ‫ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬
Lessons:
Islam has always given preference to
peace & brotherhood over chaos & enmity
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Change of Qibla

624 CE – 2 H – 54 years old

After moving to Madinah, the Prophet PBUH
prayed facing towards Jerusalem (like Jews)
for about year and half
Allah then revealed verses commanding the
Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬to turn towards Makkah. It was
what the Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬wished for
It was a major event indicating Allah shifted
the status of preferred nation from Bani-
Israel to Muslims
Indeed, We see you ˹O Prophet˺
turning your face towards heaven.
Now We will make you turn towards a
direction ˹of prayer˺ that will please
you. So turn your face towards the
Sacred Mosque ˹in Mecca˺- wherever
you are, turn your faces towards it.
Those who were given the Scripture
certainly know this to be the truth from
their Lord. And Allah is never unaware
of what they do. [Quran 2:144]
Lessons:
Muslims heard this commandment in prayers
and changed their direction while praying,
reflecting the prompt obedience of believers to
the commandments of Allah and Prophet PBUH
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Fasting & Zakat

624 CE - 2 H - 54 years old

The obligatory fasting of Ramadan is
prescribed along with Sadaqat al-Fitr and the
observance of the Eid prayer
The specific amount and rules pertaining to
Zakat were prescribed after Ramadan 2 Hijri

Whatever wealth you spend in charity is

to your own benefit for you spend
merely to please Allah. So, whatever
you spend in charity will be repaid to  The Poor  In the Cause
you in full and you shall not be wronged.  The Needy of Allah
[2:272]  The New  For Travellers
Converts  To Help pay
 To Free Slaves Debt

 Helps to Build a Balanced

Society
 Leads to Circulation of  Zakat is given in Ramadan only
Money  Zakat Purifies Haram Wealth
 Purifies your Personal  Zakat is on Gold only Zakat doesn’t decrease
Possessions & Trade  Husband must be willing to Pay Zakat the wealth, rather it
 Promotes the Message of  Zakat is on Excess only purifies and increases
Sacrifice  Zakat can not be given to Relatives manifolds

Lessons:
All healthy Muslims must Fast during Ramadan.
All eligible Muslims must pay 2.5%
of their wealth as Zakat
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Battle of Badr

2 AH – 17th Ramadan – 54 years old

313 Muslims against >1000 Makkan army
in the first major battle of Islam
Night before the battle – Prophet PBUH
prayed for victory of Believers
Allah supported the Muslims with Angels
Muslims won a decisive victory
Allah named this day – Yaum Al-Furqan
(the day that differentiated good & evil)
Many chiefs of Quraish including Abu Jahl
were killed
14 Companions RA of the Prophet PBUH
achieved martyrdom
Lessons:
Everything happens with the will of Allah SWT
Never underestimate the power of Du’a.
Numbers do not matter.
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Battle of Uhud

3 AH – Shawwal – 56 years old

The hypocrites betrayed and withdrew from the
battlefield along with their leader Abdullah bin
Ubay (300 out of 1000).
Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬strategically located the main camp
beside the mountains & stationed 50 archers on a
hill with instructions not to leave it.
Abu Sufyan was leading the main Quraish army.
Khalid bin Waleed and Ikrimah were leading the
left and right cavalry.
Muslims fought bravely and took the lead in
the battle. Thinking that the Muslims had already
won, many archers left their positions.
This made the entire army vulnerable to an
attack from behind resulting in casualties
including Hamza RA and Musa’b Bin Umain RA
Many Muslims including the Prophet PBUH were
severely injured
The Prophet ‫ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬called everyone, and the Muslims
regrouped and drove away Quraish
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Expulsion of Banu
Nadeer

625 CE – 4 AH – 57 years old

Banu Nadeer broke the treaty by not helping
Muslims in Uhud, instead supported Quraish.
They plotted to assassinate the Prophet PBUH
by dropping a boulder on him from their walls.
Allah revealed the plan to the Prophet PBUH
and he escaped.
Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬ordered them to leave Madinah.
They refused, and the Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬went with
an army to force them to leave.
They migrated to Khaibar outside Madinah
where other Jewish tribes were already living

Lessons:
Honouring treaty is an important Islamic
teaching.
Deceivers always lose in the end.
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Battle of Ahzab

626 CE – 5 AH – 58 years old

The Jewish tribe Banu Nadeer incited Quraish
and other Arabs to fight against the Muslims
10,000 soldiers from Quraish, Ghatfan & other
tribes (Ahzab) planned to attack Madinah
The Prophet PBUH consulted the Muhajiroon
and Ansar
Salman Al-Farsi RA advised the Prophet PBUH
to dig a trench to block the enemy army
The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬worked alongside the
Companions when digging the trench
Banu Nadeer incited Banu Quraizah to attack
Madinah from behind (on women)
Naeem ibn Masood RA penetrated the ranks
of Ghatfan to create dissention & disagreement
Allah sent damaging winds and forced the
Ahzab (confederates) army to leave
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Expeditions Against
Banu Quraizah &
Banu Mustaliq

Banu Mustaliq
Banu Quraizah

626 CE – 5 AH – 58 years old

The Jewish tribe of Banu Quraizah was expelled
for participating in the Battle of Ahzab.
While returning from Ahzab, Jibrail AS told the
Prophet PBUH not to disarm, but to proceed to
Banu Quraizah to punish them for their
treason.
The Muslim army surrounded them for over 25
days, and subsequently, they surrendered.
627 CE – 6 AH – 59 years old
The tribe of Banu al-Mustaliq was getting
ready to attack the Muslims in Madinah.
The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬took an army and went to fight
them. They were defeated & taken prisoners.
The Prophet PBUH married Juveria RA, the
daughter of the leader of Banu Al-Mustaliq.
Muslims freed the captives, and seeing this
kindness the tribe embraced Islam.
Lessons:
Women & Children are not harmed in war.
Islam teaches kindness to prisoners.
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Pledge of Ridwan

َ‫ََتتَأل َّشجر ِةَفع ِمل‬ ْ ‫۞َلَّق ْدَر ِِضَأ َّ َُّللَع ِنَألْ ُم ْؤ ِم ِنيَا ْذَیُبا ِی ُعوهك‬
ِ ِ
١٨َ‫م ِاَِفَقُلُوِبِ ِ ْمَفٱَىزلَأل َّسكييةَعل ْ ِْي ْمَو َأث ٰـَبُ ْمَف ْت ًۭحاَق ِری ًۭبا‬
Certainly was Allāh pleased with the
believers when they pledged allegiance to
you, [O Muḥammad], under the tree, and He
knew what was in their hearts, so He sent
down tranquility upon them and rewarded
them with an imminent conquest [48:18]

627 CE – 6 AH – 59 years old

Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬saw a dream that he was in Umrah
He started his journey for Umrah with 1400
Companions RA wearing Ihram
Quraish decided to prevent Muslims from
entering Makkah
The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬appointed Uthman RA to enter
Makkah & negotiate on behalf of the Muslims
On hearing a rumour that Uthman RA had been
killed by Quraish, the Prophet PBH gathered all
Muslims under a tree (referred in Quran)
He took an oath (Bait e Ridwan) from everyone
that they would fight to the death to avenge
the killing of Uthman RA
Uthman (RA) returned safe and sound
The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬promised Paradise for everyone
who participated in the oath
Lessons:
A true Muslim obeys & follows the Prophet
PBUH as was done by Sahaba RA
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Treaty of Hudaibiya

Indeed, We have given you,

[O Muḥammad], a clear victory [48:1]
627 CE – 6 AH – 59 years old
An agreement was reached after negotiations:
❖ No fighting with each other for 10 years
❖ Muslims will be allowed for Umrah next year
❖ Muslims will not intercept any caravans or
people on the way from Syria
❖ If a person from Quraish escapes to join the
Muslims, he would be returned, while the
opposite will not hold good
❖ Any third party could enter into alliance with
either the Muslims or Quraish.
A Muslim named Abu Jandal RA escaped from
Makkah wanting to join the Muslims. But the
Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬returned him to honour the treaty.
All the Muslims felt the treaty was unfair.
Umm e Salma RA advised the Prophet PBUH to
take off his Ihram, everyone followed him
Allah SWT called it a clear victory in Quran
LESSON: There isLessons: always a wisdom in acts
Always Success of liesAllah.
in obeying Allah and
His Messenger PBUH
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Invitation to Kings
& World Leaders

628 CE – 7 AH – 60 years old

The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬sent letters to different kings
outside Hijaz
The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬was told that kings do not accept
any letter without a seal
So he ordered the creation of a seal on a silver
ring written as “Muhammad Rasool Allah”
The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬sent letters to many kings
including Heraclius (Roman ruler), Kisra (Persian
King), Najashi (Ethiopian King), Egypt, Syria, …
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious and Most Merciful.
From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to Heraclius, the
Emperor of the Romans.
Peace be upon him who follows the guidance. After this, I
extend to you the invitation to accept Islam. Embrace Islam
and you will be safe. Accept Islam, God will give you double
the reward. And if you turn away, upon you will be the sin of
your subjects.
“O People of the Book, come to the word that is common
between us that we should worship none other than Allah,
should not ascribe any partner to Him and some of us should
not take their fellows as Lords other than Allah. If they turn
away, you should say that we testify to our being Muslims.”
[3:64]. – Seal (Muhammad Rasool Allah)

Lessons:
We should invite people (in good manner) to
Islam regardless of the outcome
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Conquest of Khaibar

628 CE – 7 H – 60 years
The Jews who were expelled from Madinah
joined with others in Khaibar
They were plotting and inciting people against
the Muslims (reason for Battle of Confederates)
The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬tried to have a treaty with
them, but they refused.
The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬then decided to attack them.
There were many fortress which were secure
and difficult to conquer.
One by one the Muslims defeated them
The most difficult fort was assigned to Ali RA,
and he conquered it with Allah’s help
After defeating them, the Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬allowed
Jews to stay there as farmers on their request
Lessons:
The Prophet PBUH was proactive and did
not wait for others to plot & attack
Forgiveness is an important characteristic
of Muslims
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Battle of Mu‟tah

629 CE – 8 H – 61 years
The envoy of the Prophet PBUH sent to the
ruler of Busra in al-Sham (Syria) was killed.
This, as well as the constant persecution of the
Muslims in Busra by Arabs who have the
protection of the Romans, prompted the
Battle of Mu’tah.
The 3000 troops were led by Zaid ibn Harith
RA until he is martyred, then Ja’far ibn Abi
Talib RA, then Abdullah ibn Rawaha RA against
an army of 100,00 supported by another
100,00 Roman army making the ratio 1:66
Finally, Khalid ibn al-Waleed RA takes
command and uses battle tactics that cause
the Byzantines to withdraw.
The Prophet PBUH gave Khalid bin Waleed RA
the title of Sword of Allah
This battle helps to establish the Muslim
military's might to the nations around it.
Lessons:
There should always be 2nd line leadership.
Numbers don’t matter, but Iman does
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Battle of Hunain &

Seige of Taif

629 CE – 8 H – 61 years
The large tribes of Hawazin and Thaqeef
marched towards Makkah with all their
wealth and families to attack the Muslims
The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬raised an army of 12,000
including 2,000 new Muslims who had just
embraced Islam
This huge numbers made some people say:
“We shall not be defeated.” The Prophet PBUH
disliked this pride
The army marched through Hunain Valley
towards the main enemy army unaware of the
archers on the mountains who attacked them
from all sides
Confusion & chaos forced Muslims to retreat
The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬stayed firm and called others
Everyone returned and the Muslims fought
back bravely winning the battle
The enemies fled in different directions
Some tribes, fled to Taif after the defeat.
The Prophet surrounded Taif and stayed 40
days laying siege. The Enemy surrendered.
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Conquest of
Makkah

8 H – 20th Ramadan – 61 years

The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬announced that whoever
entered Abu Sufyan’s house, or remained in
his own house, or went into the Sacred
Mosque would be safe.
The Prophet gave strict orders not to start a
fight & announced: “This is the day of MERCY!”
The Prophet PBUH recited: “The truth has
come and falsehood has vanished. Surely,
falsehood is bound to vanish!” (Quran 17:81)
The Prophet, standing at the door of the Kaaba,
addressed Makkans: There is no God but Allah
alone. He has no associate. He has made good
His promise and helped his servant....
Then he asked, “O Quraish, what do you think
that I am about to do with you?” They replied,
"O noble brother and son of noble brother! We
expect nothing but goodness from you."
He said: Go your way for you are the freed ones!
Lessons:
Retaliation is valid, but forgiveness is more
noble and worthy of reward.
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

The Last Sermon

(The Farewell Haj)

10 H - 9th Dhul Hijjah – Mount Arafat – 63 years

After praising & thanking Allah, Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) said:
O People, lend me an attentive ear…. take these
words to those who could not be present today.
O People, …. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt
you.…Allah has forbidden you to take interest.
O People,. ... Do treat your women well and be
kind to them for they are your partners and
committed helpers...
O People, listen to me in earnest, worship Allah,
perform your five daily prayers (salah), fast during
the month of Ramadan, and give your wealth in
zakat (almsgiving). Perform Hajj if you can afford it.
All mankind is from Adam and Eve, … superiority
over each other is by piety and good action....
Remember, one day you will appear before Allah
and answer for your deeds. So beware, do not stray
from the path of righteousness after I am gone.
O People…. I leave behind me two things, the
QURAN and my example, the SUNNAH and if you
follow these you will never go astray.
…. Be my witness, O Allah, that I have conveyed
your message to your people”.
Lessons:
It’s our duty to carry forward this message
to whole humanity
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Expedition to
Tabuk

630 CE – 9 H – 62 years
Noticing the prominence of Muslims in the
Arabian peninsula, Caesar wanted to attack
and defeat the Muslims
He mustered a large army with the Byzantines
and Pro-Romans Arab tribes
The Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬decided to confront them at
Tabuk with 30,000 army
The expedition was difficult and expensive so
the Prophet ‫ ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص‬appealed for contributions
Uthman RA gave 200 camels, 200 ounces of
gold, 1000 dinars + 900 camels and 100 horses
Umar RA gave half his wealth
Abu Bakr RA gave all his wealth
Women gave their jewellery
The journey was long and difficult
The weather was hot, Madinah had a drought
Few didn’t join the expedition giving excuses
After seeing the Muslims, the enemy camp
dispersed and no battle occurred
Lessons:
Spending in the cause of Allah SWT is a
great virtue
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
Peace Be Upon Him

Journey to Allah

11 H – 63 years
When the faith dominated, signs began
appearing of the Prophet’s PBUH leave-taking:
 In Ramadan 10 H, he sat in I’tikaf for 20
days in contrast to earlier 10 days
 Angel Jibrail reviewed the Quran twice
with him
 His words in Hajj sermon: I know not
whether after this year, I shall ever be
amongst you again
 The revelation of Surah An-Nasr amid
Tashreeq Days
On 29th Safar, the Prophet PBUH falls severely
ill and moves to the house of Ayesha RA.
The Prophet (SAW) chooses Abu Bakr RA to
lead the prayers in Masjid an-Nabawi.
On 12th Rabi ul Awwal, the Prophet PBUH
returned to his Lord and buried at the same
place on 15th

May the Peace & Blessings of Allah be upon

our beloved Prophet Muhammad.