INSTALLATION OF SWIMMING POOL FIELD

PRESENTER: GITONGA IAN

INDEX NO: 3041010460
INSTITUTION: THE MERU NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC
SUPERVISOR: MR SAMUEL MAINA
PRESENTED TO: KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL FOR THE
AWARD OF CRAFT CERTIFICATE IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING (POWER OPTION)
SERIES: NOVEMBER SERIES 2022

I
DECLARATION
This is to certify that this project report is my original work and has not been presented for a
craft certificate award in any institution of higher learning. Information from other sources
has been duly acknowledged.
Gitonga Ian Sign..............................
Date..............................

This project report has been submitted for examination with my approval as the institution
supervisor.
Mr Samuel Maina
Sign...............................
Date...............................

II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION..................................................................................................................... II
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES...................................................................................... IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................................................V
DEDICATION....................................................................................................................... VI
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................... VII
DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .............................. VIII
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background information........................................................................................ 1
1.2 Objectives............................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Significance a study............................................................................................... 1
1.4 Scope...................................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................. 1
2.1 Discussion of existing design................................................................................. 1
2.2 Description of proposed design.............................................................................. 2
2.3 Description of unique features of the proposed design.......................................... 6
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY........................................................................................... 6
3.1 Defining the name of activities.............................................................................. 6
3.2 Preparation of drawing or design........................................................................... 6
3.3 Clear indication of steps followed.......................................................................... 7
3.4 Production of data collected................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS, DATA ANALYSIS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................................................................... 8
4.1 Findings.................................................................................................................. 8
4.2 Data analysis.......................................................................................................... 8
4.3 Conclusions............................................................................................................ 8
4.4 Recommendations.................................................................................................. 8
REFERENCES......................................................................................................................... 9

III
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
1. Table 2.1: Lighting level requirements.
2. Table 2.2: Area dimensions of various parts of swimming pool field.
3. Table 2.3: Cost comparison of LED, fluorescent and incandescent lighting fixtures.
4. Table 2.4: Feature comparison of LED, fluorescent and incandescent lighting
fixtures.
5. Table 2.5: Calculation of number of fixtures.
6. Table 2.6: Calculation of number of fixtures for large sections.

IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I acknowledge the massive input by my supervisor, Mr. Samuel Maina, for the useful
comments and suggestions which have led to the improvement of this project and for the
guidance and moral support that he granted unto me during the development of this project.

V
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to my family and classmates for the moral and financial support and
also to those who have shown great faith in me throughout my pursuit for higher learning.

VI
ABSTRACT
This project involves electrical installation of a swimming pool field. The swimming pool
field contains two swimming pools, namely, a competition and a training pool.It also contains
storage rooms, an office, and changing rooms for boys and girls.The installation described in
this document involves installing overhead lightings, underwater lightings, single-phase
sockets and three phase sockets for water circulating pumps.
Lighting of the correct illumination is installed in swimming pools, changing rooms, toilets,
showers, offices and storage rooms, corridors, backyards and pool decks. Switches for the
lightings are appropriately installed. The luminaires selected are LED lights due to their
efficiency and durability. The cables selected are 1.5mm2 PVC two-core and earth and heavy
gauge steel conduits are selected to carry the cables. Junction boxes will be used to connect
the joints.
Single phase power sockets are installed in storage rooms, office and changing rooms. The
sockets are connected in radial. The cables used for the 2.5mm2 PVC twin-core and earth and
heavy gauge steel conduits are selected to carry the cables. Junction boxes will be used to
connect the joints.
Three phase power sockets are installed in swimming pools where circulating pumps can be
plugged. The sockets are connected in radial. The cables used for the 6mm2 PVC twin-core
and earth and heavy gauge steel conduits are selected to carry the cables.
The installation requires an input of three-phase 415V AC power. A control panel with
protective devices, meter, isolator is installed to serve the circuits. All installation is done in
accordance with IEE regulations.

VII
DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Conduit - An electrical conduit is a tube used to protect and route electrical wiring in a
building or structure.
Lux – Unit of illuminance that measures light intensity as perceived by human eye.
AC – Alternating current, an electric current which periodically reverses direction and
changes its magnitude.
V – volts, Unit of measurement of the potential difference between two points in a circuit.
PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride, a type of material used to make conduits.
LED - A light-emitting diode is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current
flows through it.
MCB - Miniature circuit breaker, an automatically operated switch designed to protectan
electrical circuit from damage by excessive current flow.
RCD – Residual current device, an electrical device used to detect current leakage from a
circuit and switch off the circuit.

VIII
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background information
The electrical design and drawings for the proposed swimming pool field have been selected
for this project. The swimming pool field contains within it a competition pool, a teaching
pool, two storage buildings, an office, boys changing room, showers and toilets and girls
changing room, showers and toilets. Therefore, an electrical design is needed to equip the
swimming pool field with the necessary electrical equipment.
1.2 Objectives
The sole objective of this project is to conceptualize and design a safe and an effective
electrical system to cater for the swimming pool field electrical requirements.
1.3 Significance a study
This project will introduce a new and unique design that will be simple, safe and as effective
as any other design.
1.4 Scope
This project will entail the following:
• Investigation of the existing electrical designs for swimming pool fields.
• Design of a simple, safe and effective design for the swimming pool field selected for
this project.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Discussion of existing design
2.1.1 Introduction
This subtopic describes the research from various information sources such as textbooks,
articles and the internet. It consists of information which is vital in the development of this
project.
Swimming pools electrical designs are complicated by the fact that swimming pools and their
surroundings are considered locations of increased electric shock risk and care must be taken
care of in the design. Moreover, they could require multiple subsystems to cater for the
requirements.
Research into existing designs reveal that swimming pool fields mainly require the following
electrical needs:
• Lightings
• Three-phase sockets for circulating pump motors.
• Single-phase sockets outlets for offices and changing rooms.
• Cables
• Conduits
• Control panel
We shall discuss the existing design of each above components in the following part.
2.1.2 Lightings
Lightings are essential to every part of swimming pool field. Outside the swimming pools are
offices, storage rooms, changing rooms, toilets and showers. The existing designs primarily
focus on three aspects of lighting, namely, amount of light required in a given area, type of
lightings used and power and cable requirements.
For an office, 300 lux is required for mainly screen-based tasks, which can include minor
paper-based tasks such as note-taking. 500 lux is required for mainly paper-based tasks. For
storage areas and which are not in constant use are sufficiently lit with 100 lux illumination.
The changing rooms are lit with a general illuminance of 200 lux to provide sufficient
vertical illuminance for swimmers. The bathrooms and showers are lit with 150 lux light
level while for toilets, 100 lux light level is recommended.
In the swimming pool area, lightings are provided outside and inside the pools. The area
surrounding a swimming pool is known as a pool deck and thus lighting for the pool deck and
inside the pool is provided. Pool water surface and the pool wet deck surface are lit minimum
of 150 up to 300 lux of illumination. Inside the competition swimming pools, 500 - 600 lux
lighting level is used to provide the necessary lighting. For the training pool, about 200 - 400
Lux is required. The following table is a summary of the lighting requirements.

Area Required Lighting (in Lux)

Office 300
Storage rooms 100
Changing rooms 200
Bathrooms and showers 150
Toilets 100
Pool water surface and pool deck 150 - 300
Competition pool underwater 500 - 600
Training pool underwater 200 - 400
Backyard 100
Table 2.1: Lighting level requirements.
When it comes to lights equipment, existing designs seem to favour fluorescent lamps due to
their durability and efficiency compared to their counterparts, the incandescent lamps. The
cable sizes are lighting are generally 1-1.5mm twin core and earth cable. All lightings designs
are single phase and require 240V AC power.
2.1.4 Single phase socket outlets
Socket outlets are required in the offices and changing rooms. Existing designs use sockets
outlets in a radial or ring circuit. A ring circuit is an electrical wiring technique in which
sockets and the distribution point are connected in a ring. It is contrasted with the usual radial
circuit, in which sockets and the distribution point are connected in a line with the
distribution point at one end.
2.1.5 Cables
Cables are required to transmit the power. In existing designs, lighting circuits are generally
run in 1mm2 two-core-and-earth PVC cable. Power sockets require 2.5mm2 twin and earth
PVC cable.
2.2 Description of proposed design
The proposed design will require an intake voltage of 240V AC single phase. Below is a table
of area dimensions.
Zone Dimensions (meters) Area (square meters)
Competition pool 27.125 x 13.925 377.716
Teaching pool 13.925 x 10.7 148.996
Pools water surface and 48.875 x 24 1173
decks
Storage 1 8.55 x 6 51.3
Storage 2 7.775 x 6 46.65
Office 4.067 x 3.048 12.396
Office corridor 1.995 x 1.735 3.461
Boys changing room 5.075 x 3.67 18.625
Boys toilets 5.075 x 3.76 19.082
Boys showers 5.960 x 2.715 16.181
Boys corridor 4.55 x 1.545 7.03
Girls changing room 5.075 x 3.565 18.092
Girls toilets 5.075 x 3.76 19.082
Girls showers 5.960 x 2.715 16.181
Girls corridor 4.55 x 1.365 6.211
Changing rooms backyard 14.5 x 5.075 73.588
Office backyard 7.225 x 5.075 36.642
Table 2.2: Area dimensions of various parts of swimming pool field.

2.2.1 Lighting
The lighting design is described in this section. The first component of lighting design is what
type of luminaire to use. There are three types of luminaires to choose from, namely, LED,
fluorescent and incandescent. The following factors were considered when choosing between
LED, fluorescent and incandescent:
• Cost – The cost of the luminaire is important because in any design cost must be
minimized to fit the allocated budget. Furthermore, the entire swimming pool field
will require a good amount of lighting and therefore lighting costs will be critical to
the entire projects cost.
• Effectiveness and durability – When swimming is taking place, for example, at night,
the reliability of the lighting is important. Constant flickering or failures of luminaires
is not acceptable. Furthermore, constant maintenance and repair of the luminaires is
not only expensive but inconvenient.
• Sensitivity to humidity - Swimming pool area will always be humid due to
evaporation of water. Luminaires that can withstand humidity for prolonged periods
of time are essential to the design.
Research into costs and features of LED, fluorescent and incandescent lamps is shown in the
tables below. The first table is cost analysis while the second table presents features.

LED Fluorescent Incandescent

Light bulb projected 25,000 hours 10,000 hours 1200 hours
lifespan
Watts per bulb 10 16 60
Cost per bulb 250 400 50
KWh of electricity 250 400 1500
used over 25,000
hours
Cost of electricity (at 75 120 450
0.30Ksh per KWh)
Bulbs needed for 1 2.5 21
25,000 hours of use
Equivalent 25,000 250 1000 1050
hours bulb expense
(Ksh)
Total cost for 25,000 325 1120 1500
hours(Ksh)
Table 2.3: Cost comparison of LED, fluorescent and incandescent lighting fixtures.
Feature LED Fluorescent Incandescent
Lumen/watt efficacy 150 75 18
Durability durable fragile fragile
Sensitivity to humidity no yes some
Heat emitted low medium high
Turns on instantly yes Slight delay yes
Table 2.4: Feature comparison of LED, fluorescent and incandescent lighting fixtures.

After consideration of the analysis above, LED lights proved to be cost-effective, durable and
reliable and can handle humid environments very well compared to other luminaires. This is
contrary to existing designs which seem to prefer fluorescent luminaires but to be fair, when
existing designs were being developed, LED technology may have had not advanced enough.

The next item in the design of lighting is to calculate the number and the output of luminaires
in each zone of the swimming pool field. To ensure simplicity of the design, the output of
luminaires in all zones of the field whose area is less than 30 square metres will be chosen
such that only a single luminaire will be used to light those areas. Having many luminaires in
small areas will only unnecessarily complicate the design. In such areas only a single
powerful luminaire will be necessary, and this is only possible because LED have a good
uniform distribution of light and brightness.
The formula for finding the number of luminaires using lumen method is:
N = E x A/ (F x Uf x Mf)
Where;
N = Number of luminaires required
A = Area of the working plane or room in square meters.
F = Average luminous flux from each lamp in lumens.
Uf = Coefficient of utilization factor.
Mf = Maintenance factor.
In this design, the coefficient of utilization factor (Uf) and maintenance factor (Mf) will be as
follows:
- For indoor lighting, Uf = 0.9
- For outdoor lighting, Uf = 0.8
- Maintenance factor = 0.9
For all zones whose area in square meters is less than 30, we want number of luminaires to be
1. Thus, we want to find the value of F in the above equation that will allow N to be 1. The
formula for finding F when N is equals to 1 is;
F = E x A / (Uf x Mf). Because all small areas are indoor lighting, we can fill for selected
values of Uf and Mf.
F = E x A / (0.9 x 0.9)
F = E x A / 0.81
The calculated values of F for small areas are shown in the table below.
Zone Average Required LED output No. Of Wattage (W)
luminous flux in lumens luminaire
(F) in lumens s
Office 4591.111 4600 1 30.67
Changing 4532.963 4600 1 30.67
rooms
Toilets 2355.802 2500 1 16.67
Showers 2996.481 3000 1 20
Corridors 1634.691 1600 1 10.67
Office 1281.852 1200 1 8
corridor
Table 2.5: Calculation of number of fixtures.
When multiple luminaires are involved, the following formulas are used;
N = E x A/ (F x Uf x Mf) which was explained earlier
Min spacing = SHR x Hm where;
Hm is the mounting height. A value of 2.5m will be assumed for mounting height.
SHR = A value of 1.5m will be assumed for this variable.
No. of required rows = room width / min spacing
No of luminaires in each row = N / no. of rows.
Axial spacing along luminaires = room length / no. of luminaires in each row
Transverse spacing between luminaires = room width / no. of luminaires in each row
The following table presents the calculations.
F = Average luminous flux from each lamp in lumens.
W = wattage for the lamps.
N-row = number of luminaires in each row.
Zone F N W SHR Min Require N-row Axial Traverse
spacing d rows spacing spacing
Storage 1 3500 2 47 1.5 3.75 1 2 4.275 3
Storage 2 3000 2 40 1.5 3.75 1 2 3.888 3
Office 5500 1 37 1.5 - - - - -
backyard
Changing 5500 2 73 1.5 3.75 1 1 3.613 2.538
backyard
Table 2.6: Calculation of number of fixtures for large sections.
For underwater lighting: Competition
A = 27.125 x 13.925 = 377.716
R = 500
F = 28,000
N = 10
Wattage = 1867W
Teaching:
A = 13.925 x 10.7 = 148.996
R = 400
F = 10,500
N=8
Wattage = 560W
2.2.2 Cables
For overhead lighting purposes 1.5mm twin core and earth cable was selected. Underwater
lighting, which consumes about 2427W, will have a separate cable from the control panel.
For the three phase sockets, 6.0mm cable was selected. Three-phase cables will be run on
heavy gauge conduits while lightings will be run on PVC conduits. The conduit sizes are
calculated below.
2.2.4 Control panel
Overhead lighting shall be protected by a residual current device (RCD). RCDs should
operate within 25–40 milliseconds with any leakage currents of greater than 30 mA. Type C
Miniature circuit breakers (MCB) which are suitable for LED lighting shall be applied to
lighting circuits. Underwater lighting shall also be protected by both RCD and MCB. All
circuits shall also be protected by means of fusing live phase.
2.3 Description of unique features of proposed design
2.3.1 Use of LED lighting
The biggest unique feature of the proposed design is extensive use of LED based lighting.
LED luminaires were selected after careful analysis of their cost, efficiency and effectiveness.
This is especially unique considering many of the existing designs use fluorescent luminaires.
LED luminaires in this design will allow the electrical system to consume very low power
and last longer without requiring frequent maintenance. Furthermore, LED lighting is very
much suited to humid conditions and will not be affected in any way by such conditions.
LED lighting will also provide uniform distribution of light leading to an amazing
experience.
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Defining the nature of activities
The research on this document largely involved two key sources of information, namely,
textbooks and the internet. Textbooks were used to locate factual information regarding
electrical systems. Textbooks are very reliable source of information but their major
drawback is that the information contained in them may be outdated especially if the textbook
was written a long time ago. Textbooks were used specifically to obtaining the formulas for
calculations and regulation information.
Internet was also heavily used to obtain information on existing designs, lighting systems and
electrical standards. Reliable sites such as Wikipedia were used to obtain the information.
Also, the information from the internet was verified by means of checking whether other
sources would agree on the information.
3.2 Preparation of drawing or design
Preparation of drawing had three parts, namely, sketching, hand drafting and detailed
drawing.
3.2.1 Sketching
Sketching was the first step in the preparation of the drawing. The design was carefully
studied and all the necessary dimensions were observed. The proposed design was roughly
sketched by means of free hand. All dimensions were indicated on the sketch as deemed
necessary. The sketches were drawn to provide assistance at a later time when preparing
standard drawings. That is, the only purpose of sketches was to enable the transfer of useful
information from the spot to a convenient place where you can actually prepare acceptable
drawings. For this reason, there were no hard rules or general guidelines with respect to
sketches. Nevertheless, sketches were drawn as accurately as possible which proved to useful
at a later stage.
3.2.2 Hand drafting
Hand drafts are actually proper drawings drawn by means of free hand. The similarity
between a sketch and a hand draft is that they are both drawn free hand but unlike sketches,
hand drafts were drawn following all the rules and guidelines governing drawings. Hand
drafts were drawn roughly to scale and all the necessary dimensions were indicated. The
purpose of hand drafting was to confirm the appearance and correctness of the intended
drawing before it was transferred to the final drawing paper.
3.2.3 Detailed drawing
Detailed drawings, also known as working drawings were then drawn by means of drawing
instruments. The drawing equipment were prepared, the original drawing was then drawn on
the final drawing draft. Then the proposed design was drawn carefully on the architectural
diagram. This process was made easier by having a complete hand draft.
3.3 Clear indication of steps followed
The following steps were followed to drawing the final drawing:
1. Preparation of basic drawing equipment and instruments – After the final design was
completed, drawing instruments were prepared. The instruments used for final
drawing included a drawing table, a T-square, two set squares, a wooden HB drawing
pencil, a wooden 2H drawing pencil, compasses and 30-cm ruler.
2. Drawing of swimming pool field diagram handed out for this project on the final
drawing paper – The swimming pool diagram was carefully drawn as it appeared in
the handed drawing. Every aspect, including the dimensions and scale were
duplicated from the original drawing.
3. Drawing of design components. All the control, lighting, pumps and sockets
components of the design were carefully drawn on their intended locations. This
process was made simpler by having an accurate hand drafted diagram.
4. Drawing of cables - The cables were then drawn as intended connecting the
components.
5. Conduits drawing – The conduits were then drawn on a different drawing paper with
the original diagram drawn earlier. The conduits were laid out according to the
intended order. This process was made simpler by having an accurate hand drafted
diagram.
6. Verification of the drawing – The drawn diagrams were then studied carefully to
check for correctness and mistakes. After the verification process, the diagrams were
then deemed complete and correct in accordance to the proposed and intended design.
3.4 Production of data collected
The research on this document largely involved two key sources of information, namely,
textbooks and the internet. Textbooks were used to locate factual information regarding
electrical systems. Textbooks are very reliable source of information but their major
drawback is that the information contained in them may be outdated especially if the textbook
was written a long time ago. Textbooks were used specifically to obtaining the formulas for
calculations and regulation information.
Internet was also heavily used to obtain information on existing designs, lighting systems and
electrical standards. Reliable sites such as Wikipedia were used to obtain the information.
Also, the information from the internet was verified by means of checking whether other
sources would agree on the information.
CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS, DATA ANALYSIS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 Findings
A simple design for the given swimming pool was completed. Overhead lighting design and
underwater lighting design was done. Sockets design was also completed. The main finding
was that swimming pools require careful design of their electrical system due to the nature of
their environments.
4.2 Data Analysis
The project involved the use of:
• Lightings.
• Single-phase power sockets.
• Three-phase power sockets.
• Cables and conduits.
4.3 Conclusions and recommendations
The project was done according to IEE regulations to ensure safety and reliability of the final
design. The project enhances use of LED lightings which will bring new ideas on the field.

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