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BULLET Points Class 12 Maths

This document outlines the important topics for the CBSE Class 12 Mathematics exam, including relations and functions, inverse trigonometric functions, matrices and determinants, continuity and differentiability, integrals, definite integrals, differential equations, vector algebra, three-dimensional geometry, linear programming, and probability. Some of the key concepts covered are equivalence relations, one-to-one and onto functions, matrix addition and multiplication, integration techniques like substitution and integration by parts, solving separable differential equations, and theorems regarding probability and conditional probability.

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A. 43 Rahul Kumar
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118 views

BULLET Points Class 12 Maths

This document outlines the important topics for the CBSE Class 12 Mathematics exam, including relations and functions, inverse trigonometric functions, matrices and determinants, continuity and differentiability, integrals, definite integrals, differential equations, vector algebra, three-dimensional geometry, linear programming, and probability. Some of the key concepts covered are equivalence relations, one-to-one and onto functions, matrix addition and multiplication, integration techniques like substitution and integration by parts, solving separable differential equations, and theorems regarding probability and conditional probability.

Uploaded by

A. 43 Rahul Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMPORTANT POINTS (EASY & SCORING TOPICS: MINIMUM LEARNING)

CLASS: XII SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS (CBSE BOARD)


1. Relations & functions:
(A) Reflexive, Symmetric, Transitive and Equivalence functions.
(B) Writing examples of Reflexive, Symmetric and Transitive Relations on a set having 3 or 4
elements.
(C) Equivalence Class of an element of the set on which equivalence relation is defined.
(D) Model solution of the Problem:
Prove that the relation R on set N of Natural numbers defined by
R={ ( a , b ) :|a−b|is divisible by 6 }.
Write the set of elements related to 9 ∈ N .
(E) Simple problems of counting Reflexive and Symmetric relations.
(F) Writing equivalence relation on small sets containing given ordered pair (using the concept that
an equivalence relation makes a partition of a set).
(G) Checking whether a function is One-one, Onto and Bijective or not.
(H) Proving a function bijective (One-one and Onto).
2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
Domain, Range and Graphs of the Inverse Trigonometric Functions.
−1
Problems like: sin sin(5π
4 )
−1
, sin sin
4(
15 π
)
−1
, cos cos
5π
4 ( −1
, tan tan )
7π
4
etc .( )
3. Matrices & Determinants:
(A) Equality of two matrices, equality of two determinants.
(B) Addition, subtraction and Multiplication of two matrices.
(C) Scalar multiplication of a matrix with a scalar.
(D) Scalar multiplication of a determinant with a scalar.
(E) Transpose of a matrix.
(F) Square matrix, Identity matrix, symmetric and Skew Matrices.
(G) Adjoint of a square matrix, various problems on the theorem:
( A × adjA )=detA × I
(H) Finding Inverse of a square matrix.
(I) Solution of System of Linear equations in 3 variables using Matrix Method.
4. Continuity and Differentiability:
(A) Model solutions of the Problems on Continuity and finding the values to make function
continuous.
(B) Differentiation of function of a function (Chain Rule), logarithmic differentiation, parametric
differentiation and second order derivatives.
(C) Rate of Change.
(D) Critical points, Increasing and Decreasing functions.
5. Integrals:
(A) Substitution Method, Integrations of secx , cosecx ,tanx∧cotx .
1 1 1 px+ q
(B) Integrations of 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 , 2
x ± a a −x a x +bx +c a x +bx +c
(C) Partial Fractions and Integration of Rational functions.
1 1 1 px +q
(D) Integrations of Functions of the form 2 2 , 2 2 , ,
√ x ± a √ a −x √ a x + bx+ c √ a x 2 +bx +c
2

(E) Integration by parts.


(F) Integrations of √ x 2 ± a2, √ a2−x 2 , √ a x 2+ bx+ c , and ( px+ q ) . √ a x 2 +bx +c .
6. Definite Integrals:
(A) Selected Problems:
π π
π π
2 π 3
4 2
x dx
,∫ sin 2 x . logtanx dx ,∫ ( )dx , ∫ ,
∫ log ⁡(1+tanx)dx , ∫ ( √ tanx+ √ cotx)dx
0 1+sinx0 1+ √ tanx
π
0 0
6
π
π
3 π
( sinx+cosx )
∫ √ sin 2 x dx , ∫ 1+x cos
sinx 2
dx ,
π 0
2
x ∫ log sinx dx
0
6
π π π 1

∫ secxx .tanx
cosecx
dx ,∫
x tanx
dx ,∫
x secx
dx , ∫ cot ( 1−x+ x ) dx .
−1 2

0 0 secx+ cosecx 0 secx +cosecx 0

[ ]
5 5
( x−3)|x−3|
(B) Definite Integrals of modulus functions involving linear functions: ∫| x−3|dx=
2 2 2
(C) Definite Integrals of modulus functions involving higher degree functions.
We have to deal with differently in this case.
7. Application of Integrals:
Area under simple curves, area under line, circle, parabola, ellipse
8. Differential Equations:
(A) Order and Degree of Differential Equations.
(B) Identification of Variables Separable form, its general solution, Particular solution.
(C) Identification of Homogeneous Differential Equation and its solution.
dy
dx
=f
y
x ( )
, where f
y
x () y
is a function of only
x
Or,
dx
dy
=f
x
y ( )
, where f
x
y () x
is a function of only
y

(D) Identification of Linear Differential equations, Integrating factor, solution.


(i) Linear differential equation in y :

dy
+ P ( x ) . y=Q ( x ) , where P ( x )∧Q ( x ) are the functions of x only
dx

(ii) Linear differential equation in x :

dx
+ P ( y ) . x=Q ( y ) , where P ( y ) ∧Q ( y ) are the functions of y only .
dy
9. Vector Algebra:
(A) Parallel and Collinear Vectors, Scalar multiplication of a vector, Unit vectors,
Position vector.
(B) Scalar or Dot Product, Projection/Component of a Vector along the given Vector.
(C) Vector or, Cross product, Area of a parallelogram, Area of a triangle.
(D) To find the Angle between two vectors.
10. Three Dimensional Geometry:
(A) Direction cosines and Direction ratios.
(B) Equations of Lines. Conversion of equations of lines from vector form to Symmetric form and
vice versa.
(C) General point on a line, point of intersection of two intersecting lines.
(D) Angle between two lines.
(E) Conditions of Parallelism and Perpendicularity.
(F) Shortest distance between skew lines.
11. Linear programming Problems.
12. Probability:
(A) Conditional Probability, Multiplication Theorem.
(B) Independent Events and its various identification.
(C) Theorem on total Probability.
(D) Baye’s theorem and problems on it.
(E) Random variable and Probability Distribution, Mean.
..........................................................................................................................................................................

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