Sedentary and Professional Services

Safety and Health Bulletin

安全健康通訊 Issue
2016 年 10 月 October 2016 期

辦公室預防流行性感冒
Prevention of Influenza at Workplace
流行性感冒簡稱流感，是一種高傳染性病毒引致呼吸道感染的疾病，當中的
甲型流感 H1N1 等流行性感冒是傳染性極高的急性呼吸道疾病，可引致肺炎、
Introduction

器官衰竭等併發症，甚至死亡，一旦在辦公室爆發流感可造成大規模的傳染
風險。因此，我們需充分認識流行性感冒，了解相關資料，包括病徵、傳播
途徑以及治理方法等，並採取有效的預防方法。
Influenza, also known as flu, is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Influenza A
(H1N1), for example, is an acute respiratory illness which is highly infectious. It may
lead to complications such as pneumonia, organ failure, or even death. An outbreak
of flu at the workplace may increase epidemic risks. Therefore, we need to fully
understand influenza and know more about the symptoms, mode of transmission,
treatment and other relevant information while taking effective precautions.

流行性感冒基本知識
Basic understanding of influenza
類型 Types
已知的流感病毒有三種類型，分別是：甲型、乙型和丙型。一般而言，在本港最普遍的流感多
為甲型 H1N1 及 H3N2。當中，甲型（H1N1）pdm09 流感病毒現已成為本港引致季節性流感的病毒株
之一。流感病毒會不時衍生新品種。每年，流感病毒抗原漂移的出現（輕微改變）會產生新病毒
品種。
There are three types of influenza viruses identified, namely, A, B and C. Generally, the most common types found in
Hong Kong are influenza A H1N1 and H3N2. Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus has now become one of the seasonal
influenza strains in Hong Kong. New subtype variants appear from time to time and at irregular intervals. Antigenic
drifts (minor changes) of influenza viruses lead to the emergence of new viral strains every year.
 病徵 Symptoms • 人類與染病活禽鳥或豬隻近距離接觸，亦有
患 者 可 能 會 發 燒、 咳 可能感染到某些種類的禽流感病毒或豬型流
Headache, fever 嗽、 喉 嚨 痛、 流 鼻 水、 感病毒
頭痛、發燒 People may be infected with certain types of avian or
肌 肉 痛、 疲 倦 和 頭 痛；
Runny nose
swine flu viruses through close contact with infected
亦可能出現嘔吐和腹瀉 live birds or pigs
流鼻水
Cough, sore throat 等。 咳 嗽 多 是 嚴 重 和 持
咳嗽、喉嚨痛 續 時 間 較 長， 但 發 燒 和
Muscle pain, fatique
肌肉疼痛、疲倦 其他病徵一般會在 5-7 天 可引起的併發症
Vomiting, diarrhoea
腹瀉、嘔吐
內 自 行 減 退。 健 康 人 士 Possible complication
患 上 流 感 後， 通 常 會 於 患病者的病情輕重不一，嚴重者可能引起併發
2-7 天內自行痊癒。然而，免疫力較低的人士 症導致死亡，其中的併發症有：
或長者一旦染上流感，可以是嚴重的疾病， Conditions of infection may vary. Those in serious condition
並可能會出現支氣管炎或肺炎等併發症，甚 may suffer from complications or even death, including:
至死亡。 • 支氣管炎、肺炎；
Patients may have fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, Bronchitis, pneumonia;
muscle pain, fatigue and headache; some may also have
vomiting and diarrhoea. Cough is often severe and • 慢性疾病惡化，如﹕充血性心臟衰竭、哮
prolonged but fever and other symptoms generally 喘、糖尿病等；
resolve in 5-7 days. For healthy individuals, influenza is Deteriorating chronic diseases, such as congestive
usually self-limiting with recovery in 2-7 days. However, heart failure, asthma, diabetes, etc;
influenza can be a serious illness to the weak and frail or • 兒童或會出現鼻竇疾病和耳部感染
elderly people, and may be complicated by bronchitis, Sinus disease and ear infection may be caused
chest infection or even death.
among children

潛伏期及傳染期 患者應採取的措施
Incubation and Infectious periods Actions should be taken by
流感的潛伏期一般約為 1-4 天。患者可在病發
patients
前約 1 天至病發後 5-7 天內感染他人，而幼兒或
免疫功能嚴重受損人士的傳染期甚至會更長。 • 若出現流感病徵，切勿上班或上學
Refrain from work or school when having symptoms
The incubation period of flu is usually around 1-4 days.
of influenza
Infected persons may pass the viruses to other people 1
day before and up to 5-7 days after they develop • 充 足 休 息 和 多 喝 水； 如 果 病 徵 持 續 或 惡
symptoms. The period may be even longer in young 化，應立即求診
children or severely immunocompromised persons. Have adequate rest and drink plenty of water; Seek
medical advice if symptoms persist or deteriorate
• 患者應定時檢查體溫，如要服用退燒藥，則
傳播途徑 Mode of transmission 應按藥物包裝標籤指示或醫生囑咐服用
患者可能在病徵出現前便把病毒傳染他人， Patients should check their body temperature
包括： regularly and take fever-lowering medicine (if
Patients may pass the viruses to other people before necessary) according to label directions or as
they develop symptoms: instructed by the doctor
• 由感染個體經咳嗽和打噴嚏時噴出的飛沫 • 抗生素是治療細菌感染而非病毒感染的藥
散播病毒； 物，服用抗生素不能治愈流感或加快痊癒
Influenza viruses spread through droplets generated Antibiotics which target bacterial infection but not
by coughing and sneezing; viral infection will not cure influenza or make
recovery faster
• 透 過 接 觸 帶 有 流 感 病 毒 的 物 品 後， 觸 摸
口、鼻、眼睛經黏膜進入人體而受感染 • 抗病毒劑能減輕病情和縮短患病時間，但必
People may be infected by touching surfaces 須經由醫生處方才可服用
contaminated with the virus, then touching the Antiviral agents may reduce severity and duration of
mucosal membranes (mouth, nose or eyes); illness but must be used under doctor’s prescription
 預防措施
Preventive measures
要有效防止流行性感冒在工作間發生大規模的傳染，僱主及僱員可以透過採取
以下措施來減低流感爆發的風險，包括：
To prevent influenza epidemics at the workplace, both employers and employees can take the
following risk control measures:

1. 保持清潔衛生 2. 良好通風 Good ventilation

Keep clean and hygienic ✔ 為工作地點提供足夠鮮風（一般情況下，
✔ 定期清潔通道、地面、門口、走火通道、 鮮風量應保持每人最少每分鐘0.5立方米）
天花、牆壁、窗口、工作枱、工具、櫃架 Provide enough fresh air to the workplace (fresh
air intake should typically be kept at least 0.5
及 儲 物 地 方 等。 較 隱 閉 的 地 方， 如 牆
cubic meters/minute)
角、柱位及枱底等亦要定期打掃
Clean passageways, floor, door, fire escapes, ✔ 定期安排清潔及消毒空調系統，包括清
ceilings, walls, windows, tables, tools, cabinets, 潔隔塵網、冷氣槽及冷卻水塔等
storage and other places regularly. More hidden Schedule regular cleaning and disinfection of air
places, such as corners of walls, beam columns and conditioning systems, including dust filters, air
table bottoms, should also be cleaned regularly ducts and cooling towers
✔ 共用的設施（例如電梯掣及門掣）必須經常 ✔ 如有使用濕潤器，亦應定期清潔，以免
消毒 細菌滋生
Shared facilities (such as elevator and door If humidifiers are used, they should be cleaned
buttons) should be sterilized frequently regularly to prevent bacterial growth
✔ 提供足夠洗手及消毒設備，並備有足夠數 ✔ 應注意空調系統的鮮風入
量的口罩及其他防護設備，供有需要的員 口會否接近一些污染物的
工使用 來 源， 如 有 需 要， 應 考 慮
Provide adequate handwashing and disinfecting 加 強 過 濾， 甚 至 更 改 鮮 風
facilities, surgical masks and other protective 入口位置
equipment for employees If the air handling unit of a
✔ 提供有蓋垃圾箱以棄置口罩及紙巾等廢 conditioning system is close to
物，定期清理 some pollutant sources, additional
Provide and regularly clean lidded rubbish bins filtration or air inlet relocation
for disposal of masks and soiled tissue paper should be considered

✔ 廁所應每天清潔及消毒，每天檢查 並補
充衛生紙、抹手紙及梘液等用品 3. 行政措施
Toilets should be cleaned and sterilized every
day. Check and refill tissue paper, paper towels,
Administrative measures
liquid soap and other necessities every day ✔ 為高危員工接種流感疫苗，如懷孕員工
Provide influenza vaccination for susceptible
漂白水與清水比例 用途 employees, e.g. pregnant staff
ratio of bleach and water usage
✔ 為員工提供預防流感的訓練
1:99（濃度 concentration 500 ppm） 日常環境清潔 Daily cleaning Provide training for employees regarding
為嘔吐物、排泄物或分泌污染 influenza prevention
的地方或物件消毒 ✔ 制定預防流感及個人衛生指引，並要求
1:49（濃度concentration 1000 ppm） Sterilizing places or objects
contaminated with vomit, excreta or 員工遵守
secretions Develop a guideline for influenza prevention and
personal hygiene for employees
為血液污染的地方或物件消毒
1:4（濃度concentration 10000 ppm） Sterilizing places or objects
contaminated with blood
 www.oshc.org.hk

✔ 制定緊急應變計劃以妥善 ✔ 咳嗽或打噴嚏時，要用紙巾掩住
應付員工於工作時出現流 口鼻，並將紙巾棄於有蓋垃圾桶
感徵狀，或社區出現流感 內，之後應徹底洗手
大流行等突發情況 Cover your mouth and nose with tissue
掌心及手背交替清潔 paper when coughing or sneezing, and
Formulate a contingency plan to
better cope with employees properly dispose of soiled tissue into a
developing flu symptoms, any lidded rubbish bin. Wash your hands
outbreak in community or any thoroughly afterwards
other unexpected situations ✔ 盡量避免用手接觸眼睛、鼻及口
旋轉磨擦指尖及手指 Avoid touching the eyes, nose and
✔ 設立機制鼓勵員工報告衛
生問題，令問題得以盡快 mouth by hand
處理 ✔ 在流感高峰期，避免前往人多擠
Establish a mechanism to 逼或空氣流通欠佳的公眾地方；
encourage employees to report 十指交錯磨擦指罅
高危人士在這些地方逗留時可考
hygiene issues so that they can 洗手方法注意事項 慮佩戴口罩
be handled promptly High risk persons may
Hand-washing guide
✔ 定期監察及檢討各項預防 consider wearing a surgical
流感措施的成效，如發現有任何不足之 mask when in crowded or
處，應盡快改善 poorly ventilated public
Monitor and review the effectiveness of influenza places
preventive measures and improve in a timely
manner
✔ 於流感高峰期設立監察機制，如為員工
5. 季節性流感疫苗接種
探熱及留意員工是否有出現流感徵狀
Establish a monitoring mechanism for flu seasons, Seasonal flu vaccination
e.g. measure body temperature and pay attention ✔ 疫苗能安全和有效地預防季
to employees developing flu symptoms 節性流感及其併發症
Vaccine can prevent seasonal
influenza and its complications
4. 保持良好個人衞生習慣 safely and effectively
Maintain good personal hygiene ✔ 健康人士亦有機會患上嚴重
✔ 保持均衡飲食、恆常運動及充足休息， 流感，為保障個人健康，建
不要吸煙及適當舒緩生活壓力 議向家庭醫生查詢有關接種
Have a balanced diet, regular exercise and 季節性流感疫苗的詳情。一
adequate rest. Avoid smoking and relieve stress
般建議在每年秋季接種流感疫苗，接種
properly
疫苗後約兩星期體內便會產生足夠抗體
✔ 勤潔手，特別在觸摸口、鼻或眼之前，
對抗流感
或觸摸扶手、門把等公共設施後 Healthy individuals can also be infected with
Wash hands before touching the mouth, nose or serious flu. To protect your health, you are
eyes, or after touching any public facilities such advised to consult your family doctor on
as handrail or door handle seasonal flu vaccination. It is recommended
✔ 使用梘液和清水以正確方法洗手，當雙 that vaccination is
手沒有明顯污垢時，可用含 70% 至 80% received in autumn.
酒精之搓手液潔淨雙手 A sufficient amount
Wash your hands properly with liquid soap and of antibodies are
water. 70% to 80% alcohol-based handrub is also developed around
effective when your hands are not visibly soiled two weeks after
vaccination
✔ 如出現呼吸道感染病徵，應佩戴口罩
Wear surgical masks if you have respiratory
symptoms
職安熱線 OSH Hotline：2739 9000

總結 有獎問答遊戲 Quiz ：
Conclusion 第 46 期文職及專業服務業安全及
健康通訊
為有效預防流行性感冒在辦公室爆發，僱主及僱員之間需要互 Issue no.46 – Sedentary and Professional
相合作，僱主必須確保工作間的衛生，並執行預防流感的措 Services Safety and Health Bulletin

施，以保障僱員的健康；而僱員亦必須與僱主合作，保持良好 答案 Answer: 1. C 2. C 3.A

的個人衛生，以防止在工作間內散播流感。 得獎者 Winners:

To prevent an influenza outbreak at the workplace, employers must work 鄧偉文，CHU LAI KI，王麗珊，
邱金珍，郭同森
together with their employees, ensuring workplace hygiene and
implementing measures to protect health. Employees must cooperate with 恭喜以上各得獎者，得獎者將獲專
函通知領獎事宜。
employers by maintaining personal hygiene and preventing the spread of Congratulations to the above winners,
influenza at workplace. winners will be notified separately.

文職及專業服務業安全及健康委員會委員名單（2016 ﹣2019）
Sedentary and Professional Services Safety and Health Committee Membership List (2016-2019)

職安局已委任 2016-19 年屆度行業委員會的主席和委員，期望文職及專業服務業安全及健康委員

會在主席及委員的領導及積極參與下，業界的職安健水平將持續提升。
OSHC has appointed the Chairman and the members for committee 2016-19. With the leadership and active
participation of the Chairman and members of the Sedentary and Professional Services Safety and Health Committee,
the industry’s OSH standard is expected to be enhanced.
主席 Chairman
徐益謙先生 Mr TSUI Yick Him Mike 香港銀行華員會 Chinese Bankers Club, Hong Kong

副主席 Vice-Chairman
羅智豪先生 Mr LAW Chi Ho 香港文職及專業人員總會 Hong Kong Clerical and Professional Employees General Union

委員 Members
曾育芬女士 Ms TSANG Yuk Fan 公務員事務局 Civil Service Bureau
李志明先生 Mr LI Chi Ming David 香港人力資源管理學會 Hong Kong Institute of Human Resource Management
柯嘉倫博士 Dr OR Ka Lun 香港人類工效學學會 The Hong Kong Ergonomics Society
李慧芬女士 Ms LEE Wai Fun Stella 香港中華廠商聯合會 The Chinese Manufacturers’ Association of Hong Kong
吳偉毅先生 Mr NG Wai Ngai Ringo 香港中華總商會 The Chinese General Chamber of Commerce
徐繼堯先生 Mr TSUI Kai Yiu 香港文職人員總會Hong Kong Clerical Employees General Union
郭昶先生 Mr KWOK Chong 香港地產代理專業協會 Society of Hong Kong Real Estate Agents Ltd
謝順禮先生 Mr TSE Shun Lai Calvin 香港地產代理商總會 Hong Kong Real Estate Agencies General Association
鄧家坤先生 Mr TANG Ka Kwan 香港洋務工會 Hong Kong Union of Chinese Workers in Western Style Employment
張利敏女士 Ms CHEUNG Ronnie Lee Man 香港保險業總工會 Hong Kong Insurance Practitioners General Union
丘振雄先生 Mr YAU Chun Hung Jonathan 香港保險業聯會 The Hong Kong Federation of Insurers
何靜君女士 Ms HO Ching Kwan Tammy 香港華商銀行公會有限公司 The Chinese Banks’ Association Ltd
黃浩然先生 Mr Lawrence WONG 香港僱主聯合會 Employers’ Federation of Hong Kong
劉穎子女士 Ms LAU Wing Chi Anna 香港銀行業僱員協會 Hong Kong Banking Employees Association
陳淑嫻女士 Ms CHAN Shuk Han Christina 香港總商會 The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce
姚志勤先生 Mr YIU Chi Kan 高級公務員評議會（職方）Senior Civil Service Council (Staff Side)
蘇建雄先生 Mr SO Kin Hung 勞工處 Labour Department
 1. 流行性感冒的潛伏期一般約為:
How long is the typical incubation period for influenza?
A. 1至4天 1 to 4 days
B. 10至15天 10-15 days
C. 1個月 1 month

2. 為工作地點提供足夠鮮風，一般情況下鮮風量應保
持每人最少為 :

Price Quiz What is the least amount of fresh air intake that
should be kept for providing enough fresh air to the
workplace?
請 3 出正確答案及填妥下列表格，遞交至本局辦事
處。截止日期：2016 年 12 月 30 日。 A. 每分鐘0.1立方米 0.1 cubic meters/minute
Please 3 the correct answers, fill in the following B. 每分鐘0.5立方米 0.5 cubic meters/minute
form and submit to the council. closing date: C. 每分鐘1.0立方米 1.0 cubic meters/minute
30/12/2016. ( 傳真 fax: 3106 0263) 3. 根據衛生防護中心的建議，一般在每年甚麼時份接
種季節性流感疫苗 ?
姓名
Name
According to the centre for Health Protection, what
必須與香港身份證姓名相同 As appeared on HK Identity Card time of the year should you receive seasonal flu
vaccination?
香港身份證號碼 A. 春季 Spring
HK Identity Card No. 只須填寫首四個號碼，例如：A123XXX(X)
HK Identity Card No. (First 4 digits),e.g.: A123XXX(X)
B. 秋季 Autumn
C. 冬季 Winter
參加細則 Rules for Participation
1. 歡迎年滿 15 歲或以上的香港居民參加， 1. H o n g K o n g c i t i z e n s a g e d 1 5 o r a b o v e a r e
每人只限參加一次。 welcome to participate, each participant can
only submit one entry.
地址 2. 得獎者的姓名必須與香港身份證上的姓 2. W i n n e r s w i l l b e d i s q u a l i f i e d i f t h e i r n a m e
Address 名相同，否則將被取消得獎資格。 are not identical to the name on their HK
Identity Card.
3. 參加者有機會贏得價值 $150 超市禮券。 3. Participant will get the chance to win a prize
4. 主辦機構之員工及其直系家屬均一律不 of supermarket voucher valued at HK$150.
得參加。 4. The employees and direct family members of
the organization are not eligible to enter.
5. 得獎結果以主辦機構的決定為準，各得 5. The decision of the organization regarding
獎者將獲專函個別通知。 the prize results is final, winners will be
6. 主辦機構保留更改有關是項活動事宜的 notified separately in writing.
聯絡電話 6. T h e o r g a n i s i n g b o d y r e s e r v e s t h e r i g h t t o
權利，恕不另行通知。 make changes to any matters and will not
Contact Tel. No 7. 倘有任何爭議，一切以主辦機構的決定 provide further notice.
7. I n t h e e v e n t o f a n y d i s p u t e , a l l d e c i s i o n s
為最終決定。
made by the organizer are final and binding.
所有資料將於活動結束後銷毀。Data will be destroyed after completion of the activity. 8. 歡迎複印參加表格。 8. Welcome to photocopy the form

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用你的個人資料，包括你的姓名、電話 to use your personal data, including your name, telephone number 文職及專業服務業安全及健康委員會
號碼、郵寄和電郵地址，將有關職業安 and correspondence and email addresses, to update you in relation Sedentary and Professional Services
全健康訓練課程、活動、服務及資訊提 to our training courses, events and other OSH related information.
供給你。你的個人資料亦可能被用作本 Your personal data may also be used for our research and statistical Safety and Health Committee
局之研究及統計用途。 purposes. 地址 ：香港北角馬寶道 28 號華匯中心 19 樓
3. You are free to decide whether you wish to receive such information. Address: 19/F China United Centre, 28 Marble Road, North Point, HK
3. 你可選擇是否同意接收上述資訊。若不 If you choose not to do so, please put a tick in the box below*.
同意的話，請於下列拒收資訊一欄之空 電話 Tel：2739 9377 傳真 Fax：2739 9779
格內加上「3」號 *。 4. You are also entitled to request access to and correction of any
errors in your personal data. If you wish to do so, please write to the 電郵 E-mail：[email protected]
4. 你有權要求查閱及修正你的個人資料。 Council at 19/F, China United Centre, 28 Marble Road, North Point,
Hong Kong. 網址 Website：www.oshc.org.hk
有關申請須以書面向本局提出，地址為
香港北角馬寶道 28 號華滙中心 19 樓。

□ * 本人不同意日後接收由職業安全健康 □ * I do not wish to receive any information from the Council in relation to
局發出其活動和相關的資訊。 its activities. 採用環保紙印製
Printed on Environmental Friendly Paper

簽署 Signature 日期 Date

2016 Occupational Safety & Health Council 職業安全健康局 10/2016

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