FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

ELEKTRIK DAN ELEKTRONIK

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING

BEET 2324 SEMESTER 2 SESI 2021/2022

LAB 4: DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING VLSM IPv4 ADDRESSING SCHEME

NO. STUDENTS' NAME MATRIC. NO.

1. HARIHARAN A/L K.NAGARAJAN B082010163

2. HUANG CERISE B082010057

3. MUHAMMAD AMIRUL AZIM BIN MD LATEF B082010025

PROGRAMME 2BEET

SECTION /
S1/1
GROUP

DATE 27 / 4 / 2022

1. NURULHALIM BIN HASSIM

NAME OF
INSTRUCTOR(S)
2.

EXAMINER’S COMMENT(S) TOTAL MARKS

Rev. Date Author(s) Description
No.
1. Update to new UTeM logo
1.0 3 Feb 1. Gloria Raymond
2020 2. Update faculty's name
Tanny
3. Change "course" to
"programme".
4. Remove verification stamp.
Lab 4 - Design and Implement a VLSM Addressing Scheme
Topology

G0/0 G0/1

G0/1 G0/0

Objectives
Part 1: Examine Network Requirements
Part 2: Design the VLSM Address Scheme
Part 3: Cable and Configure the IPv4 Network

Background / Scenario
Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) was designed to avoid wasting IP addresses. With VLSM,
a network is subnetted and then re-subnetted. This process can be repeated multiple times to create
subnets of various sizes based on the number of hosts required in each subnet. Effective use of VLSM
requires address planning.
In this lab, use the 192.168.33.128/25 network address to develop an address scheme for the network
displayed in the topology diagram. VLSM is used to meet the IPv4 addressing requirements. After you
have designed the VLSM address scheme, you will configure the interfaces on the routers with the
appropriate IP address information. The future LANS at BR2 will need to have addresses allocated,
but no interfaces will be configured at this time.
Note: The routers used with CCNA hands-on labs are Cisco 1941 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs)
with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(4) M3 (universalk9 image). The switches used are Cisco Catalyst 2960s
with Cisco IOS Release 15.0(2) (lanbasek9 image). Other routers, switches and Cisco IOS versions
can be used. Depending on the model and Cisco IOS version, the commands available and output
produced might vary from what is shown in the labs. Refer to the Router Interface Summary Table at
this end of the lab for the correct interface identifiers.
Note: Make sure that the routers and switches have been erased and have no startup configurations.
If you are unsure, contact your instructor.

Required Resources
• 2 Routers (Cisco 1941 with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(4) M3 universal image or comparable)
• 2 Switches (Cisco 2960 with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2) lanbasek9 image or comparable)
• 1 PCs (Windows with terminal emulation program, such as PuTTY)
• Console cables to configure the Cisco IOS devices via the console ports
• Ethernet and serial cables as shown in the topology
• Windows Calculator (optional)

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Part 1: Examine Network Requirements
In Part 1, you will examine the network requirements to develop a VLSM address scheme for the
network displayed in the topology diagram using the 192.168.33.128/25 network address.
Note: You can use the Windows Calculator application and search the internet for an IP subnet
calculator to help with your calculations.

Step 1: Determine how many host addresses and subnets are available.
How many host addresses are available in a /25 network? 126
What is the total number of host addresses needed in the topology diagram? 80
How many subnets are needed in the network topology? 6

Step 2: Determine the largest subnet.

What is the subnet description (e.g. BR1 LAN or BR1-BR2 link)? BR1 LAN
How many IP addresses are required in the largest subnet? 40
What subnet mask can support that many host addresses? /26
How many total host addresses can that subnet mask support? 62
Can you subnet the 192.168.33.128/25 network address to support this subnet? Yes
What are the network addresses that would result from this subnetting?
192.168.33.128/26 and 192.168.33.192/26
Use the first network address for this subnet.

Step 3: Determine the second largest subnet.

What is the subnet description? BR2 LAN
How many IP addresses are required for the second largest subnet? 25
What subnet mask can support that many host addresses? /27
How many total host addresses can that subnet mask support? 30
Can you subnet the remaining subnet again and still support this subnet? Yes
What are the network addresses that would result from this subnetting?
192.168.33.192/27 and 192.168.33.224/27

Use the first network address for this subnet.

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Step 4: Determine the third largest subnet.

What is the subnet description? BR2 IoT LAN

How many IP addresses are required for the next largest subnet? 5
What subnet mask can support that many host addresses? /29
How many total host addresses can that subnet mask support? 6
Can you subnet the remaining subnet again and still support this subnet? Yes
What are the network addresses that would result from this subnetting?
192.168.33.224/29, 192.168.33.232/29, 192.168.33.240/29 and 192.168.33.248/29

Use the first network address for this subnet.

Use the second network address for the CCTV LAN.
Use the third network address for the HVAC C2 LAN.

Step 5: Determine the fourth largest subnet.

What is the subnet description? BR1-BR2 LAN

How many IP addresses are required for the next largest subnet? 2
What subnet mask can support that many host addresses? /30
How many total host addresses can that subnet mask support? 6
Can you subnet the remaining subnet again and still support this subnet? Yes
What are the network addresses that would result from this subnetting?
192.168.33.248/30 and 192.168.33.252/30

Use the first network address for this subnet.

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Part 2: Design the VLSM Address Scheme
Step 1: Calculate the subnet information.
Use the information that you obtained in Part 1 to fill in the following table.

Number of
Hosts Network Address First Host Broadcast
Subnet Description Needed /CIDR Address Address

BR1 LAN 40 192.168.33.128/25 192.168.33.129 192.168.33.191

BR2 LAN 25 192.168.33.192/27 192.168.33.193 192.168.33.223

BR2 IoT LAN 5 192.168.33.224/29 192.168.33.225 192.168.33.231
BR2 CCTV LAN 4 192.168.33.232/29 192.168.33.233 192.168.33.239
BR2 HVAC C2LAN 4 192.168.33.240/29 192.168.33.241 192.168.33.247
BR1-BR2 Link 2 192.168.33.248/30 192.168.33.249 192.168.33.251

Step 2: Complete the device interface address table.

Assign the first host address in the subnet to the Ethernet interfaces. BR1 should be assigned the
first host address in the BR1-BR2 Link.

Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Device Interface

BR1 G0/0 192.168.33.249 255.255.255.252 BR1-BR2 Link

BR1
G0/1 192.168.33.129 255.255.255.192 40 Host LAN
BR2 G0/0 192.168.33.250 255.255.255.252 BR1-BR2 Link

BR2
G0/1 192.168.33.193 255.255.255.224 25 Host LAN

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Part 3: Cable and Configure the IPv4 Network
In Part 3, you will cable the network to match the topology and configure the routers using the VLSM
address scheme that you developed in Part 2.

Step 1: Cable the network as shown in the topology.

Step 2: Configure basic settings on each router.

Open a configuration window

a. Assign the device name to the routers.

b. Disable DNS lookup to prevent the routers from attempting to translate incorrectly entered
commands as though they were hostnames.
c. Assign class as the privileged EXEC encrypted password for both routers.
d. Assign cisco as the console password and enable login for the routers.
e. Assign cisco as the VTY password and enable login for the routers.
f. Create a banner that will warn anyone accessing the device that unauthorized access is
prohibited on both routers.

Step 3: Configure the interfaces on each router.

a. Assign an IP address and subnet mask to each interface using the table that you completed in
Part 2.
b. Configure an interface description for each interface.
c. Activate the interfaces.

Step 4: Save the configuration on all devices.

Step 5: Test Connectivity.

a. From BR1, ping BR2’s G0/0 interface.
BR1# ping {ip_address}

Figure 1: Verify connectivity by using the ping command from BR1 to BR2’s G0/0 interface.

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 b. From BR2, ping BR1’s G0/0 interface.
BR2# ping {ip_address}

Figure 2: Verify connectivity by using the ping command from BR2 to BR1’s G0/0 interface.

c. Troubleshoot connectivity issues if pings were not successful.

Close a configuration window

Note: Pings to the GigabitEthernet LAN interfaces on other routers will not be successful. A routing
protocol needs to be in place for other devices to be aware of those subnets. The GigabitEthernet
interfaces also need to be in an up/up state before a routing protocol can add the subnets to the routing
table. The focus of this lab is on VLSM and configuring the interfaces.

End of document

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Running Configuration from Router BR1:
BR1# show running-config

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Running Configuration from Router BR2:
BR2# show running-config

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 Router Interface Summary Table

Router Interface Summary

Router Model Ethernet Interface #1 Ethernet Interface #2 Serial Interface #1 Serial Interface #2

1800 Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1 Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
(F0/0) (F0/1)
1900 Gigabit Ethernet 0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/1 Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
(G0/0) (G0/1)
2801 Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1 Serial 0/1/0 (S0/1/0) Serial 0/1/1 (S0/1/1)
(F0/0) (F0/1)
2811 Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1 Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
(F0/0) (F0/1)
2900 Gigabit Ethernet 0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/1 Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
(G0/0) (G0/1)
Note: To find out how the router is configured, look at the interfaces to identify the router type and how many
interfaces the router has. There is no way to effectively list all the combinations of configurations for each router
class. This table includes identifiers for the possible combinations of Ethernet and Serial interfaces in the device.
The table does not include any other type of interface, even though a specific router may contain one. An
example of this might be an ISDN BRI interface. The string in parenthesis is the legal abbreviation that can be
used in Cisco IOS commands to represent the interface.

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Appendix A: Initializing and Reloading a Router

Step 1: Connect to the router.

Console into the router and enter privileged EXEC mode using the enable command.
Router> enable
Router#

Step 2: Erase the startup configuration file from NVRAM.

Type the erase startup-config command to remove the startup configuration from nonvolatile
random-access memory (NVRAM).
Router# erase startup-config
Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all configuration files! Continue?
[confirm]
[OK]
Erase of nvram: complete
Router#

Step 3: Reload the router.

Issue the reload command to remove an old configuration from memory. When prompted to
Proceed with reload, press Enter to confirm the reload. Pressing any other key will abort the reload.
Router# reload
Proceed with reload? [confirm]

*Nov 29 18:28:09.923: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested by console. Reload

Reason: Reload Command.

Note: You may receive a prompt to save the running configuration prior to reloading the router.
Respond by typing no and press Enter.
System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: no

Step 4: Bypass the initial configuration dialog.

After the router reloads, you are prompted to enter the initial configuration dialog. Enter no and
press Enter.
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

Step 5: Terminate the autoinstall program.

You will be prompted to terminate the autoinstall program. Respond yes and then press Enter.
Would you like to terminate autoinstall? [yes]: yes
Router>

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Appendix B: Initializing and Reloading a Switch

Step 1: Connect to the switch.

Console into the switch and enter privileged EXEC mode.
Switch> enable
Switch#

Step 2: Determine if there have been any virtual local-area networks (VLANs) created.
Use the show flash command to determine if any VLANs have been created on the switch.
Switch# show flash

Directory of flash:/

2 -rwx 1919 Mar 1 1993 00:06:33 +00:00 private-config.text

3 -rwx 1632 Mar 1 1993 00:06:33 +00:00 config.text
4 -rwx 13336 Mar 1 1993 00:06:33 +00:00 multiple-fs
5 -rwx 11607161 Mar 1 1993 02:37:06 +00:00 c2960-lanbasek9-mz.150-
2.SE.bin
6 -rwx 616 Mar 1 1993 00:07:13 +00:00 vlan.dat

32514048 bytes total (20886528 bytes free)

Switch#

Step 3: Delete the VLAN file.

a. If the vlan.dat file was found in flash, then delete this file.
Switch# delete vlan.dat
Delete filename [vlan.dat]?

You will be prompted to verify the file name. At this point, you can change the file name or just
press Enter if you have entered the name correctly.
b. When you are prompted to delete this file, press Enter to confirm the deletion. (Pressing any
other key will abort the deletion.)
Delete flash:/vlan.dat? [confirm]
Switch#

Step 4: Erase the startup configuration file.

Use the erase startup-config command to erase the startup configuration file from NVRAM. When
you are prompted to remove the configuration file, press Enter to confirm the erase. (Pressing any
other key will abort the operation.)
Switch# erase startup-config
Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all configuration files! Continue?
[confirm]
[OK]
Erase of nvram: complete
Switch#

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Step 5: Reload the switch.
Reload the switch to remove any old configuration information from memory. When you are
prompted to reload the switch, press Enter to proceed with the reload. (Pressing any other key will
abort the reload.)
Switch# reload
Proceed with reload? [confirm]

Note: You may receive a prompt to save the running configuration prior to reloading the switch.
Type no and press Enter.
System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: no

Step 6: Bypass the initial configuration dialog.

After the switch reloads, you should see a prompt to enter the initial configuration dialog. Type no at
the prompt and press Enter.
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no
Switch>

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