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MATH LECTURE - 08
Part Contents Geometry Page
1 CLASS PRACTICE 03
• ANGLES
• TRIANGLES
• QUADRILATERALS, TRAPEZOIDS
• RECTANGLE, PARALLELOGRAM
• SQUARE, RHOMBUS
2 TAKE-HOME ASSIGNMENT 07

3 REVIEW LESSON FOR THE NEXT LECTURE 10

REVIEW TEST 14

TM

e d u c a t i o n s t u d y a b r o a d
 PART I: CLASS PRACTICE

GROUP 1: ANGLES

1. In the given diagram, a = e, and f = 50. c + d =?

a. 105
b. 110
a b c
c. 115
f e d
d. 120
e. None of these
2. In the diagram shown below, AB is parallel to CD. Which of the following statements is not necessarily
true?

a. 1 + 2 = 180
b. 4 = 7 1 2
A B
c. 5 + 8 + 2 + 4 = 360 3 4
d. 2 + 3 = 180 C
5 6 7 8
D
e. 2 = 6

3. If a ship is sailing in a northerly direction, and then turns to the right until it is sailing in a southwesterly
direction, it has gone through a rotation of how many degrees?
a. 45 b. 90 c. 135 d. 180 e. 225
4. How many degrees are there in the angle that equals to its own complement?
a. 90 b. 45 c. 60 d. 180 e. 30
5. Angles A and B of triangle ABC are both acute angles. Which of the following best describes angle C?
a. Angle C is between 0 and 180. b. Angle C is between 0 and 90.
d. Angle C is between 60 and 180. d. Angle C is between 60 and 120.
e. Angle C is between 60 and 90.

6. In the figure, PSQ is a straight line and RS is perpendicular to ST. If RSQ = 48, how many degrees
are there in PST? R
a. 48
b. 132
c. 90 S
P Q
d. 136
e. 138 T
7. In the figure beside, AB is parallel to CD and DEF is an equilateral triangle. Find the measure of Y.
x
a. 50 x+20°
A B
b. 55
c. 60
C D
d. 70 E
Y
e. Cannot be determined

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 GROUP 2: TRIANGLES

8. In PQR, PR = 7.0, and PQ = 4.5. Which of the following cannot possibly represent the length of QR?
a. 2.0 b. 3.0 c. 3.5 d. 4.5 e. 5.0
B

A C

9. In the figure above, AC = 6, and BC = 3. Point P (not shown) lies on AB between A and B such that CP
┴ AB. Which of the following could be the length of CP?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 5 d. 7 e. 8
10. In the following diagram, AC = CE & BD = DE. Which of the following statements is (are) true?
1. AB is twice as long as CD. 2. AB is parallel to CD. 3. AEB is similar to CED.
a. 1 only A
C
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1 and 3 only
E
d. 1, 2, and 3
D
e. None of these B

11. In the following diagram, if BC = CD = BD = 1, and ADC is a right angle, what is the perimeter of
ADC? A
a. 3
b. 2 + 2 B
c. 2 + 3
d. 3 + 3
e. 4 C D

12. In the following diagram, AB and CD are both perpendicular to BE. If EC = 5, and CD = 4, what is the
ratio of AB to BE?
A
a. 1:1
b. 4:3
C
c. 5:4
d. 5:3
e. None of these
B D E

13. In the figure shown below, DE is parallel to BC. If the area of ADE is half that of trapezoid DECB,
what is the ratio of AE to AC?
A

D E

B C

a. 1:2 b. 1:2 c. 1:3 d. 1:3 e. 3:1

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14. In the figure below, D is the mid-point of AB and E is the mid-point of AC. What is the relation between
the area of BFC and the area of ADFE?
a. Area of BFC > Area of ADFE A

b. Area of BFC = Area of ADFE D E

c. Area of ADFE > Area of BFC
F
d. Area of ADFE = 1.5 times Area of BFC B C
e. Either (a) or (c)

GROUP 3: QUADRILATERALS, TRAPEZOIDS

15. The smallest angle of a quadrilateral is x. The 2nd angle is twice the smallest and the 3rd angle is equal
to the 2nd one. The 4th angle is equal to the sum of the other three. Find the value of x.
a. 30 b. 36 c. 72 d. 144 e. 180
B

5 ft.
2 ft.

A
16. The trapezoid shown in the figure above represents the cross section of the rudder of a ship. If the
distance from A to B is 13 feet, what is the area of the cross section of the rudder in square feet?
a. 39 b. 40 c. 42 d. 45 e. 46.5

A B

5m

D E C
12 m

17. The area of the above trapezoid is 50 square meters, where AB││CD. If CD= 12 m and BE = 5 m,
what is the length of AB?
a. 6 m b. 7 m c. 8 m d. 9 m e. Cannot be determined

GROUP 4: RECTANGLES & PARALLELOGRAM

18. In rectangle ABCD below, AC = 10, what is the area of the rectangle?
a. 252
B C
b. 253
c. 48 10
d. 50
e. 100 A 30 D

19. In rectangle ABCD, the diagonals AC and BD intersect at E. Which of the following statements is not
necessarily true?
a. AE = BE b. AEB = CED c. AE is perpendicular to BD.
d. AED and AEB are equal in area. e. BAC = BDC

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20. In the given diagram, if PQRS is a parallelogram, which of the following can be deduced?
1. QT + PT = RT + ST
2. QS is perpendicular to PR.
3. The area of the shaded portion is exactly three times the area of triangle QRT.

a. 1 only Q R
b. 1 and 2 only
TT
c. 2 only
d. 1 and 3 only
P S
e. 1, 2 and 3

21. In parallelogram PQRS, P is four times Q. What is the measurement in degrees of P?
a. 36 b. 72 c. 125 d. 144 e. 150

GROUP 5: SQUARE & RHOMBUS

22. If the diagonals of a square divide it into four triangles, the triangles cannot be: A B
a. right triangles b. isosceles triangles E
c. similar triangles d. equilateral triangles
e. equal in area
D C
23. If the diagonal of a square is 16 inches long, what is the area of the square?
a. 64 square inches b. 642 square inches c. 128 square inches
d. 1282 square inches e. 256 square inches

D C

A B

24. In the above rhombus, side AB = 10 cm, and BAE = 30. What is the area of the rhombus in sq. cm?
a. 50 b. 502 c. 503 d. 1003 e. Cannot be determined

25. If the area of a rhombus is 120 square meter and one of its diagonals is 24 meter, find the length of a
side of the rhombus in meter.
a. 10 b. 12 c. 13 d. 26 e. None

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 PART II: TAKE-HOME ASSIGNMENT
1. If two lines, AB and CD, intersect at a point E, which of the following statements is not true?
C B
a. AEB = CED
b. AEC and BEC are complementary.
E
c. CED is a straight angle
d. AEC = BED
e. BED + AED = 180 A D
2. In the figure, line segments AD and BE intersect at C. What is the value of x in terms of y?
a. 85 – y B
b. 90 – y 85

c. y – 15 D
d. y – 25 x C 60
A 
e. y + 35
y

3. In the diagram below, AB = AC, measure of B = a. A = ? E

A
a. a° – 180°
b. 2a° – 180°
c. 180° – 2a°
d. 180° – a°
180  a a
e. B C
2
4. How many degrees are there in the angle which equals to half of its own supplement?
a. 30 b. 45 c. 60 d. 90 e. 120
5. x, y and z are the angle of a triangle. If x = 2y, y = z + 30, how many degrees are there in x?
a. 22.5 b. 37.5 c. 52.5 d. 90.0 e. 105.0
6. If in the figure below, BC is the longest side of ABC and x is an integer, what is the smallest possible
value of x? B
a. 100
b. 130 80

c. 141
d. 160
x
e. 161 A C
7. If the figure below is a right triangle, what is the value of x?
a. 1
b. 2 20
14 – x
c. 4
d. 200 14 + x
e. 400

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8. City A is 200 miles from City B, and City B is 400 miles from City C. Which of the following best describes
the distance between City A and City C? (Note: The cities A, B, and C do not all lie on a straight line)
a. It must be greater than zero.
b. It must be greater than 200 miles.
c. It must be less than 600 miles and greater than zero.
d. It must be less than 600 miles and greater than 200 miles.
e. It must be exactly 400 miles.

9. The perimeter of a right triangle is 18 inches. If the midpoints of the three sides are joined by line
segments, they form another triangle. What is the perimeter of this new triangle?
a. 3 inches b. 6 inches c. 9 inches d. 12 inches e. Cannot be determined

10. In this following diagram, DC ││ FE, AD = DF, DC = 4, and DF = 3. What is the length of FE?
a. 5 A

b. 6
c. 8 C
D
d. 9
e. 10 F E

11. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is exactly twice as long as the shorter leg. What is the number of
degrees in the smallest angle of the triangle?
a. 30 b. 45 c. 60 d. 90 e. Cannot be determined
12. In the figure below, QR is parallel to ST and PQ > PR. If PTS = 35, which of the following can be a
value of PQR?
P
(i) 25
(ii) 30 S T
(iii) 35
Q R
a. only i b. only ii c. only iii d. both i and ii e. both ii and iii
13. All isosceles right triangles must be:

a. similar b. congruent c. equilateral d. equal in area e. none of these

14. ABC is an equilateral triangle having a perimeter of 6 centimeters. If AD is a median of this triangle,
what is the perimeter of  ADC in centimeters?
a. 3 + √3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 5√3 e. Cannot be determined

15. The angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 1:2:3:4. What is the number of degrees in the largest
angle?
a. 72 b. 96 c. 120 d. 144 e. 150

16. If BE││CD, and BC = AB = 5, AE = 5, and CD = 12, what is the area of trapezoid BEDC?

a. 18 A
b. 24
c. 36 B E
d. 60
e. 72
C D

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17. A plot of land is in the shape of a trapezoid ABCD whose dimensions are given in the figure below.
What is the perimeter of the land in meter?
a. 48 A 9m B
b. 64
c. 65 13 m 12 m
d. 72
e. Cannot be determined D E C
30 m

18. If the length of a rectangle is increased by 20% and width is decreased by 20%, then the area of the
rectangle:
a. decreases by 20%. b. decreases by 4%. c. is unchanged.
d. increases by 20% e. increases by 4%
19. James lives on the corner of a rectangular field which measures 160 yards by 120 yards. If he wants
to walk to the opposite corner, he can either travel along the perimeter of the field, or cut directly across in
a straight line. How many yards does he save by taking the direct route?
a. 40 yards b. 60 yards c. 80 yards d. 100 yards e. 110 yards

20. ABDE is a parallelogram where AB = AC, AX = FX and ABC = 50. AYX = 90. AFX =?
a. 15 F
A
b. 20 E
X
c. 25 Y
d. 30
e. None of these B C D

21. In the parallelogram ABCD, diagonals AC and BD intersect at E. Which of the following must be true?

a. AED = BEC b. AE = EC c. BDC = DBA

d. Two of the above must be true. e. All three of the statements must be true.

22. If ABCD is a square and diagonals AC and BD intersect at point E, how many isosceles right triangles
are there in the figure below?
A B
a. 4
b. 5 E
c. 6
d. 7
D C
e. 8
23. The area of a square is 81p2. What is the length of the square’s diagonal?
a. 9p b. 9p2 c. 18p d. 9p2 e. 81p2
24. The perimeter of a rhombus is 200 feet and one of its diagonals is equal to 60 feet. What is the area of
the rhombus?
a. 1,500 sq. feet b. 2,400 sq. feet c. 2,500 sq. feet d. 3,000 sq. feet e. 4,800 sq. feet

25. Find the area (in sq. cm) of a rhombus having a side measuring 20 cm and a diagonal measuring 32
cm.
a. 216 b. 324 c. 384 d. 576 e. 768

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 PART III: REVIEW LESSON FOR THE NEXT LECTURE

POLYGONS
A Polygon is a closed plane figure whose sides are straight lines and which has at least 3 sides or more.
So the smallest polygon is a triangle. The sum of the angles in any polygon is equal to 180 (n – 2), where
n is the number of sides. Thus, in a polygon of 3 sides (a triangle), the sum of the angles is 180(3 – 2) or
180.

# A Regular polygon is a polygon all of whose sides are equal and all of whose angles are equal. These
polygons have special properties.
180(n  2)
Each angle of a regular polygon of ‘n’ sides =
n
CIRCLE
B

D
O

E
F
A C
G
# A circle is a closed figure in which each point on the outer rim is equidistant from the center of the figure.
In the circle given above, O is the center. The total length curved path of the circle is called circumference.
# The distance from the center to the circle is the radius. In the given circle, OE is the radius.
# Any line which connects two points on the circle is a chord. In the given circle, AC, and AD are chords.
# A chord through the center of the circle is a diameter. A diameter is the longest chord of a circle. In the
given circle, line segment DE or DOE is a diameter.
# A tangent to a circle is a line that is perpendicular to the radius at the point of tangency and that passes
through only one point of the circle. In the diagram, BF is a tangent.
# An arc is a curved section of a circle. Two distinct points can form two different arcs; the shorter arc is
called a minor arc and the longer one is called a major arc. In the given circle, AGC is a minor arc and
ADE is a major arc.
# A central angle of a circle is an angle with its vertex at the center and sides that are the radii. Arcs have
the same degree measure as the central angle whose sides meet the circle at the two ends of the arc.
AOC, DOA, and DOE are central angles in the given diagram.
# An inscribed angle of a circle is an angle whose sides are two chords. The vertex of the angle lies on
the circumference of the circle. ADE is an inscribed angle in the given diagram.
# A sector of a circle is a slice of a circle formed by two radii and an arc. In the given circle, OAGC is a
sector.

Theorems:
# The length of the diameter of a circle is twice the length of the radius.
# The circumference (length of the curve) is 2 π times the length of the radius. π is a constant (the ratio of
circumference to diameter) approximately equal to 22/7 or 3.14. The formula for the circumference of a
circle is, C = 2πr where C = circumference and r = radius.
# An angle inscribed in a semicircle is always a right angle. [A semicircle is one half of a circle.]

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# The line segment connecting the mid-point of a chord and the center is perpendicular to the chord.
# The perpendicular on the chord from the center bisects the chord.
# Equal chords are equidistant from the center.
# The longer a chord in a circle is, the closer it is to the center and vice versa.
# All the inscribed angles from equal chords are equal.
# From a given chord, the central angle is twice as much as each inscribed angle.
# Any point outside a circle can extend exactly two tangent lines to the circle. The distances from the origin
of the tangents to the points where the tangents intersect with the circle are equal.
x
# Length of an Arc = 2πr  [Here, r = radius, and x = central angle in degrees]
360

x
# Area of a Sector = πr2  [Here, r = radius, and x = central angle in degrees]
360

SOLID GEOMETRY
Solid geometry is concerned with three-dimensional shapes. Some examples of three-dimensional shapes
are rectangular solids, cubes, cylinders, spheres, cones etc. We will mainly look at the volume formula and
surface area formula of the solids.

I. RECTANGULAR SOLID

 In a rectangular solid, the length, width and height

may be of different lengths.
 The volume of a rectangular solid would be the
product of the length, width and height.
 Volume of rectangular solid = l x w x h
h  Surface area of rectangular solid = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh =
w 2(lw + lh + wh)
l

II. CUBE
 A cube is a three-dimensional figure with six equal
square sides.

If a is the length of one of its sides, then the volume of
the cube is a × a × a or, volume of the cube = a3

The area of each face of a cube is a2. Since a cube
a
has six square-shaped faces, its total surface area is
6 times a2 or, Surface area of a cube = 6a2
a
a

III. CYLINDER
r
 A cylinder is a solid with two congruent circles joined
by a curved surface.
 If the radius of the circular base is r and the height is
h h, then the volume of the cylinder is the area of the
base × height, i.e. volume = r2h
 Surface area of a cylinder = 2 × area of circle + area
of rectangle. So, S.A. = 2r2 + 2rh = 2r (r + h)

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IV. SPHERE

 A sphere is a solid with all its points the same

distance from the center.

If the radius of the sphere is r, then the volume, V =
r 4 3
r
3
 Surface area of a sphere, S.A. = 4r2

COORDINATE GEOMETRY:

Distance between two points:

If the coordinates of point A are (x1, y1) and the coordinates of point B are (x2, y2), then distance between
2 2
the two points, d = (x  x )  (y  y ) .
2 1 2 1
Example: Find the distance between the point (2, –3) and the point (5, 1).
Solution: In this case X1 = 2, x2 = 5, y1 = –3 and y2 = 1. Substituting into the above formula gives us: d =

(5  2)  1  ( 3) = ( 3 )2 + 42 =
2 2 25 = 5

Finding the mid-point:

If the coordinates of point A are (x1, y1) and the coordinates of point B are (x2, y2), then coordinates of the
x  x 2 y1  y 2
midpoint (x, y) = ( 1 , ).
2 2
Example: Find the midpoint of the segment connecting the points (2, 4) and (6, 2).
Solution: The average of 2 and 6 is 4 so the first coordinate is 4. The average of 4 and 2 is 3; thus the
second coordinate is 3. The midpoint is (4, 3).

Finding the area of a triangle:

If the three vertices of a triangle are A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C (x3, y3),
1
Area of  ABC = [x1 y1
2
x2 y2

x3 y3

x1 y1]

1
= [x1 y2 + x2 y3 + x3 y1 – y1 x2 – y2 x3 – y3 x1]
2

Slope of a line:
y 2  y1
Slope of a line segment having two coordinate points (x1, y1) and (x2 ,y2) =
x 2  x1

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CLOCK RELATED PROBLEMS XI
XII
I
X II

IX III

VIII IV
VII V
VI

# In any clock, the angle at the center is 360 portion

360 30
# Every hour segment measures , or 30 and every minute segment measures , or 6.
12 5
# As the minute hand revolves one minute segment (6) in one minute, it revolves 6 per minute.
30 1
# As the hour hand revolves 1 hour segment (30) in 60 minutes (1 hour), it revolves , or , or 0.5 per
60 2
minute.

ROTATION OF WHEEL

This type of problem deals with the distance travelled by a wheel or any circular disk. One revolution of a
wheel will make it move a distance equal to its circumference. The circumference of a circle is the total
distance around its outside. Circumference equals the diameter of the circle multiplied by π (pi), which is
about 3.14 or 22/7. And the unit of travelled distance is the same as the unit of the radius or diameter of
the wheel.
Circumference = d, or 2r [Where, r = radius of the wheel & d = diameter of the wheel]

If two wheels of different radius travel the same distance in the same time, i.e. their speeds remain same,
then-
n1r1  n2r2
Here,
n1  Number of revolutions of the 1 st wheel
n 2  Number of revolutions of the 2 nd wheel
r1  Radius of the 1st wheel
r2  Radius of the 2nd wheel

Example: If a circle has a radius of 7 inches, how much distance does it travel in 10 revolutions?
Solution: In 1 revolution it travels = 2r = 2 x 22/7 x 7 = 44 inches.
So in 10 revolutions it travels 44 x 10 = 440 inches.

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 Review Test on Lecture 7
Name………………………… Batch…………..
10 marks, 10 minutes
…
1. What is the sum of the first 12 terms of an arithmetic progression if the 3rd term is -13 and 6th term is -
4?
a. -48 b. -30 c. 45 d. 67 e. None
th
2. If the fifth term of a GP is 81 and first term is 16, what will be the 4 term of the GP?
a. 18 b. 24 c. 27 d. 36 e. 54
3. Rabee and Region are partners in a business. Rabee contributes 1/4th capital for 15 months and
Region received 2/3 of profit. For how long Region’s money was invested?
a. 8 months b. 10 months c. 11 months d. 17 months e. None
4. Hridoy and Likhon are partners in a business. They invested in the ratio 5:6, at the end of 8 months
Hridoy withdraws his capital. If they receive profits in the ratio of 5:9, find how long Likhon’s capital was
in the business?
a. 10 months b. 12 months c. 14 months d. 15 months e. None
5. A question paper has two parts, A and B, each containing 10 questions. If a student has to choose 8
from part A and 5 from part B, in how many ways can s/he choose the questions?
a. 40 b. 320 c. 11340 d. 12750 e. None
6. What is the probability that a word formed by randomly rearranging the letters of the word SPEAK is
the word SPEAK itself?
1 1 1 1
a. 1 b. c. d. e.
30 60 120 5
7. A menu offers 2 appetizers, 4 main courses, and 3 desserts. A dinner must contain an appetizer, a
main course, and a dessert. How many different combinations of dinner can be made?
a. 9 b. 5 c. 6 d. 12 e. 24
8. In a group of 30 students, 14 are girls and 4 of them can speak French. All of the boys can speak
French. If a student is selected randomly from the group, find the probability that the selected
student is a girl who cannot speak French.
2 1 2 5
a. b. c. d. e. None of these
15 3 7 7
9. A two-digit number is written at random. Determine the probability that the number will be a prime
number.
1 1 4 1 7
a. b. c. d. e.
12 3 9 4 30
10. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability of getting a queen of club or a king of heart
is-
a. 1/13 b. 2/13 c. 1/26 d. 1/52 e. None

Answer Sheet
1.
V E
2.
SCORE……………
3. X
4. S
5. D
6.
7.
S REMARKS……………
8. D
9. S
10. S
S
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