Journal of Critical Reviews

ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 12, 2020

COST ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT GRADES OF CONCRETE BY DIFFERENT MIX

DESIGN METHODS
1Revansiddappa, 2Dr.R.Gopi, 3Dr.R.Saravanakumar, 4S.Dineshkumar, 5S.Saravanaganesh,
6A.Chandrasekar

1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology & Management,
Hyderabad, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology & Management,

Hyderabad, India.
3Assistant Professor (S.Gr), Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore,

Tamilnadu, India.
4&5Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India.
6Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering & Technology, Dindigul, Tamilnadu,

India.

Received: 16.03.2020 Revised: 18.04.2020 Accepted: 19.05.2020

Abstract
This paper examines the major difference between Bureau of Indian standard (BIS) method of mix proportioning, American
Concrete Institute (ACI) method of mix proportioning and British code Department of Environment (DOE) method of mix
proportioning, using these three methods of concrete mix proportioning procedure for calculating the ingredient materials is given.
This paper provides the similarities and differences between ACI, BIS & DOE concrete mix design and the cost differences in
different grades of concrete and the difference of cost between above methods are highlighted. This study shows that the ACI
method is the economical method of mix proportioning design with appropriate strength.

Keywords: Concrete, Mix proportioning, Concrete grade

© 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.12.123

INTRODUCTION Environment (DOE)

Concrete is the oldest and most used man made materials on (3) To analyses the cost of M25, M30 and M35 grades concrete
earth. its most common construction material extensively used by different mix design methods.
for buildings ,bridges, roads and dams. The cost of the concrete
depends on various factors like ingredients of concrete, quality LITERATURE REVIEW
of materials like cement, sand and aggregates, availability of Prince Arulraj & Sruthirajan [1]: Made a comparative study
materials, labour cost, method of making and grade of between IS 10262-1982 and IS 10262-2009 for concrete mix
concrete. design and conclude that when design the mix as per IS
10262-2009 the cement content was slightly decreases. for all
Indian economy boosting the infrastructure including grades of concrete , find aggregates content was increases
buildings, public usage toilets, roads, railways and other areas where as coarse aggregate content was decreases for all
of development. Concrete is composed of physical mixture of grades of concrete.
cement, aggregates materials deriving from sand and water so
as to arrive it to certain designs specific mixture. Mohd. Ahmed et al [2]: Made a comparison between Fineness
Countries around the world have standardized the design of modulus (FM), American concrete institute (ACI) and
concrete. The design methods available for testing the mixture Department of Environment (DOE) methods for concrete mix
of concrete are BIS mix design, ACI mix design, DOE mix design and found the total aggregate to cement ratio was least
design. in DOE method as compared in FM method. With increasing
concrete workability and maximum size of aggregates the
The compressive strength of hardened concrete depends upon concrete mix cost was increased
various factors such as quality of cement, quantity of cement,
water, aggregates, batching, mixing, placing, etc. The cost of G.Rishi [3]: Coarse aggregates of 10mm & 20mm, and fine
the concrete depends on the cost of the materials, plants and aggregates of Fineness modulus 2.4 & 2.6 are used in this
Labors. The variation in the cost of the concrete is mainly due study. For each mix proportions cubes are casted and tested in
to cement is several times costlier than the aggregates, thus laboratory. Found that the compressive strength decreases
the aim is to produce lean mixture as possible. Sometimes with increase in water cement ratio. The concrete mix with
condition arises restrictions to the quality and quantity of 20mm & 10mm size aggregates in the ratio 67:33 has higher
ingredient materials. If the available materials meet the basic strength than the mix of aggregates ratio of 50:50.
standard requirements, mix design can give an economical
solution. M.C.Nataraj and Lelin Das [4]: Observed that the workability
of ACI method mix design proportioned concrete was higher
Objective: The comparative program aims to study the change
due to higher content of fine aggregate. As the voids are filled
in properties and performance of concrete and cost of the mix
by fine aggregates, the strength of ACI method designed mix
designs. The methods consider are BIS, ACI and DOE.
concrete gains higher as compared to BIS method mix
Main objectives are concrete.
(1) To design the concrete mix adhering to three grades
namely M25, M30 and M35. Dr.S.A.Deepa [5]: In this study compared various design mix
(2) To design grades accordingly three mix design methods proportioning methods, those are IS 10262-1982, IS
namely Bureau of Indian standards (BIS), American 10262-2009, ACI and DOE methods. Observed that the IS
Concrete Institute (ACI) and British standard Department of 10262-1982 mix design method gives higher strength and

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 COST ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT GRADES OF CONCRETE BY DIFFERENT MIX DESIGN METHODS

cement content is more and has much higher factor of safety. • Type of aggregates – crushed angular
Conclude that DOE method gives desire compressive strength • Type of cement –OPC 43 grade
with minimum cement use. • Fine aggregate – Natural river sand
• Exposure condition - Moderate
Ravinder singh et al [6]: Observation made that for M20 • Workability – 100 mm slump
concrete DOE method attributed to highest compressive • Specific gravity of cement - 3.14
strength, where as ACI and BIS showed same result. with • Specific gravity of coarse aggregate- 2.7
increase in grade of concrete, ACI method is unable to achieve • Water absorption of coarse aggregate – 0.5%
target strength. BIS method exhibit higher flexural strength • Specific gravity of fine aggregate-2.65
and has a good split tensile strength as compared to ACI and
• Water absorption of fine aggregate – 1.0%
DOE method. DOE and BIS method gives higher split tensile
• Fine aggregate zone – zone II
strength with responsible of having higher content of coarse
• Fineness modulus of fine aggregate – 2.44
aggregate.
• Dry rodded bulk density of coarse aggregate- 1600 kg/m3
MATERIALS AND CALCULATIONS • Entrapped air content - 2%
A. Parameters used in designs:
• Maximum nominal size of aggregate – 20 mm

Table : 1. Materials quantity for M25 grade of concrete

Ingredients BIS ACI DOE
Water/cement
0.47 0.50 0.50
Ratio
Water
192 212.3 240
content(kg/m3)
Cement
407.6 400 450
content(kg/m3)
Weight of coarse
1146 1044 1000
aggregate(kg/m3)
Weight of Fine
672 692 995
aggregate(kg/m3)

Fig:1 Materials quantity for M25 grade of concrete

Table:2. Materials quantity for M30 grade of concrete

Ingredients BIS ACI DOE
Water/cement
0.45 0.47 0.5
Ratio
Water
197 212 236
content(kg/m3)
Cement
438.2 425.5 450
content(kg/m3)
Weight of coarse
1130 1044 1034
aggregate(kg/m3)
Weight of Fine
651 672 630
aggregate(kg/m3)

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 COST ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT GRADES OF CONCRETE BY DIFFERENT MIX DESIGN METHODS

Fig:2. Materials quantity for M30 grade of concrete

Table;3. Materials quantity for M35 grade of concrete

Ingredients BIS ACI DOE
Water/cement
0.40 0.48 0.5
Ratio
Water
197 212.1 237
content(kg/m3)
Cement
450 417 450
content(kg/m3)
Weight of coarse
1140 1044 1088
aggregate(kg/m3)
Weight of Fine
630 677 580
aggregate(kg/m3)

Fig: 3. Materials quantity for M35 grade of concrete

Table:4. Cost of different mix proportions

Cost for 1m3 of concrete
BIS (IS:10262) ACI (ACI:211.1) DOE
Grade of
S.No. Materials
Concrete Quantity Cost in Quantity Cost in Quantity Cost in
Kg/m3 Rupees Kg/m3 Rupees Kg/m3 Rupees

1 M 25 Cement 407.6 2160 400 2120 450 2385

Coarse 1146 710 1044 648 1000 620
aggregate
Fine 672 229 692 236 664 225
aggregate
∑=3099 ∑=3004 ∑=3230
2 M 30 Cement 438.2 2322 425.5 2255 450 2385
Coarse 1130 700 1044 648 1034 641
aggregate
Fine 651 221 672 229 630 214
aggregate

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 COST ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT GRADES OF CONCRETE BY DIFFERENT MIX DESIGN METHODS

∑=3243 ∑=3132 ∑=3240

3 M 35 Cement 450 2385 417 2210 450 2385
Coarse 1140 706 1044 648 1088 675
aggregate
Fine 630 214 677 230 580 198
aggregate
∑=3305 ∑=3088 ∑=3258

3900

3700

3500
Cost in Rs/m3

3300
BIS

3100 ACI
DOE
2900

2700

2500
M25 M30 M35
Grade of concrete

Fig: 4.Cost comparison of different mix proportions

.
CONCLUSION 4. M.C.Nataraj & Lelin Das, “Concrete mix proportioning as
The proportioning of normal concrete using the BIS, ACI & per IS 10262-1982 and ACI 211.1-91”, The Indian
DOE mix design proportioning methods have been successfully Concrete Journal, 2010, 64-70.
carried out. The properties of materials which include; cement, 5. Deepa. A.Sinha, “Compressive strength of concrete using
water, fine aggregate and coarse aggregates were accurately different mix design methods”, Indian Journal of Applied
characterized to ensure that the right quality of materials were Research, 2014, 3(7), 216-217.
utilized in order not to compromised the integrity of the 6. Ravinder singh, S.K.Verma “Comparative study of M20
grades of concrete. and M25 grades of concrete by ACI, DOE, and BIS method
of mix design using crushed aggregate” – International
The cost implication for the different mix proportions showed Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 2017,
that the most expensive mix design proportioning method was 5(7), 6377-6383.
the DOE method, due to the high cement content utilizing for 7. K.Param Singh, U.Praveen Goud, S.Madan Mohan,
the concrete mixture. The ACI method is proved to be less S.Sreenatha Reddy, “Comparative study of concrete
expensive method of proportioning the concrete. The ACI mixed design”, International Journal of Innovative
method looks to be a cheaper for subsequent higher grades of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2016,
concrete. 5(9), 17320-17327.
As compared BIS, ACI and DOE methods, BIS gives higher 8. M.C.Nataraja and Lelin Das “Concrete mix proportioning
strength than ACI and DOE methods, but DOE method gives as per IS10262-2009 comparison with ACI211.1-9”, The
desired compressive strength. This seemingly marginally Indian Concrete Journal, 2010, 64-70.
lower cost of the DOE method for the fact that in concrete 9. ACI: 211.1, 1991, “Standard Practice for Selecting
design. Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass
Concrete”, American Concrete Institute.
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