Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

8
Zest for Progress
Z Peal of artnership

Science Grade 8
Quarter 4 - Module 2
CELL DIVISION

Name of Learner:
Grade & Section:
Name of School:
Module
Cell Division
2

What I Need to Know

This module directs you to the understanding of how a cell works in
both plants and animals. It will help you have an idea of the comparison
between mitosis and meiosis and their role in cell division (S8LT-IVd-16).
This topic will answer your query on why and how plants and animals grow
and develop. And this material will bring to comprehend your existence and
others. The languages used in this module are within the range of your
understanding. Moreover, the activities are simplified without deferring the
competencies set in the Department of Education.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe the cell cycle; and
2. differentiate mitosis from meiosis.
Every living thing undergoes reproduction. The nutrients taken by an
individual will provide energy for metabolic processes, growth, development,
and reproduction. In cell division, the cellular level of reproduction offers the
backdrop for the organismal level of reproduction.

What’s In 9
Activity 1: The Chromosome and the Cell Cycle

Part A. Label the parts of the chromosome. Write your answer next to the picture.

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 Part B. True or False: Draw a smiley emoticon if the statement is true
and sad emoticon if it is false.

1. A Cell cycle is divided into two stages: the interphase and the
Prophase.
2. The two chromatids are held together at one point, called
the centromere.
3. Mitosis produces two unidentical cells.
4. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number in half.
5. Alignment of chromosomes in the equatorial region is in telophase.

What’s New

Activity 2: A R G
Direction: Accomplish the Anticipation-Reaction Guide (ARG) below.
1. Before reading: Read the statements in the table below and check the
column that corresponds to your response as to Agree or Disagree.
2. After reading: Review your answers and write in the last column whether
you were right or wrong.

Agree Disagree Statement Were you right?

1. G1, S1, and G2 are the phases of cell
cycle under interphase.
2. Interphase is the first part of mitosis.
3. Mitosis and Meiosis produce the same
number of chromosomes in their
daughter cells.
4. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase are found both in mitosis and
meiosis.
5. Chromosomes aligned at the center of
equatorial plate during anaphase.
6. Cells come from preexisting cells.
7. Mitosis is also known as reduction-
division.
8. Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells
9. Mitosis occurs in the body cells while
meiosis occurs in the sex cells
10. Uncontrolled growth of cells can
increase our height, weight, and mass

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 What is it

The Cell Cycle

The chromosomes of a cell change
form as the cell transition from one stage
to another in a typical cell cycle. The cell
cycle may be divided into two stages: the
interphase, where the chromosomes are
long and extended, referred to as
chromatin, and the cell division phase,
where the chromosomes become
condensed or thickened.

The interphase refers to the period

that follows one cell division and precedes https://bit.ly/3ttQSqc
another. During this stage, the cell does
not divide; it merely grows. The
chromosome produces an exact copy of
itself.

The interphase is divided into three substages. The stage from the formation of a
new cell until it begins to replicate its DNA is called the first gap or G1, during which
time the cell grows initially. This stage is characterized by protein and ribonucleic acid
(RNA) synthesis. RNA, which is synthesized based on the DNA, is then used to
synthesized proteins.

The middle of the interphase, called the

synthesis stage or S1, is the period of DNA
synthesis or replication. The chromosomes
are duplicated in preparation for the next
cell division. The second gap period, or G2,
falls between the S period and the next cell
division or M (mitosis or meiosis) phase. G2
represents a period of rapid cell growth to
prepare for cell division.

During interphase, the nucleus is

https://bit.ly/3rfDRia
clearly visible as a distinct membrane-
bound organelle. In stained cells, this
membrane can be clearly seen under the light microscope. One or more nucleoli are
visible inside the nucleus. On the other hand, the chromosomes cannot be clearly
seen. They appear as an irregular mass that is grainy in appearance because their
DNA is stretched out thinly in the nucleus. This facilitates the replication of DNA
during the S phase.
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Mitosis
It is the process in which a
eukaryotic cell separates the
chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two
identical sets in two daughter nuclei. It
is generally followed immediately by
cytokinesis, which divides the nuclei,
cytoplasm, organelles, and cell
membrane into two daughter cells
containing roughly equal shares of these
cellular components. Mitosis and
cytokinesis together define the mitotic
(M) phase of the cell cycle - the division
of the mother cell into two daughter cells,
genetically identical to each other and to
their parent cell. The process of mitosis
is complex and highly regulated. The
sequence of events is divided into
phases, corresponding to the completion
of one set of activities and the start of the
next. These stages are prophase,
prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase,
and telophase. During mitosis, the pairs
of chromosomes condense and attach to
fibers that pull the sister chromatids to
opposite sides of the cell. The cell then
divides in cytokinesis to produce two
identical daughter cells.

https://bit.ly/2MCqry1

Meiosis I
Meiosis is the first of the two separate divisions during which the diploid cell
separates into two diploid cells. This is the step of meiosis where genetic variation is
created by recombination. It is often called the reduction division. This is because it
is here that the chromosome complement is reduced from diploid (two copies) to
haploid (one copy). Interphase in meiosis is identical to interphase in mitosis. At this
stage, there is no way to determine what type of division the cell will undergo when it
divides. The meiotic division will only occur in cells associated with male or female sex
organs. Prophase I is virtually identical to prophase in mitosis, involving the
appearance of the chromosomes, the development of the spindle apparatus, and the
nuclear membrane's breakdown. Metaphase I is where the critical difference occurs
between meiosis and mitosis. In mitosis, all the chromosomes line up on the
metaphase plate in no particular order. In Metaphase I, the chromosome pairs are
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aligned on either side of the metaphase
plate. During this alignment, the chromatid
arms may overlap and temporarily fuse,
resulting in what is called crossovers.
During Anaphase I, the spindle fibers
contract, pulling the homologous pairs
away from each other and toward each pole
of the cell.

In Telophase I, a cleavage furrow

typically forms, followed by cytokinesis -
the changes that occur in the cytoplasm of
a cell during nuclear division. Still, the
nuclear membrane is usually not reformed,
and the chromosomes do not disappear. At
the end of Telophase I, each daughter cell
has a single set of chromosomes, half the
total number in the original cell, that is,
while the original cell was diploid; the
daughter cells are now haploid.

Meiosis II http://bit.ly/3pPXP2C

During Meiosis II, two diploid cells are

then split into four haploid cells during the
second set of stages of meiosis. It is quite
simply a mitotic division of each of the
haploid cells produced in Meiosis I. There
is no Interphase between Meiosis I and
Meiosis II, and the latter begins with
Prophase II. At this stage, a new set of
spindle fibers forms, and the chromosomes
begin to move toward the equator of the
cell. During Metaphase II, all the
chromosomes in the two cells align with
the metaphase plate. In Anaphase II, the
centromeres split, and the spindle fibers
shorten, drawing the chromosomes toward
each pole of the cell. In Telophase II, a
cleavage furrow develops, followed by
cytokinesis and the formation of the
nuclear membrane. The chromosomes
begin to fade and are replaced by granular
chromatin, a characteristic of interphase.
When Meiosis II is complete, there will
http://bit.ly/3pPXP2C
be a total of four daughter cells, each
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with half the total number of chromosomes as the original cell. In the case of
male structures, all four cells will eventually develop into sperm cells. In the case of
the female life cycles in higher organisms, three of the cells will typically abort, leaving
a single cell to develop into an egg cell, which is much larger than a sperm cell.

What’s More
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Activity 3: I am doing what?

Directions: Choose the activity that best describes the phases of the cell cycle.
Look for the answers inside the box below.

G1 - ___________________________

S- ___________________________

G2 - ___________________________

M- ___________________________

https://bit.ly/3ttQSqc

Cell division Growth

DNA synthesis Growth and preparation for cell division

Activity 4: Comparing mitosis and meiosis

Directions: Differentiate mitosis from meiosis. Write in the table the needed
information to complete the task.

Basis of Comparison Mitosis Meiosis

Number of daughter cells produced

Number of chromosomes is halved.

(Yes/No)
Pairing of homologous chromosomes
takes place. (Yes/ No)
The daughter cells produced are
always identical in terms of genetic
material. (Yes/ No)

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 What I Have Learned
10

Activity 5: Similar but different!

Directions: Fill in the space where the circles overlap with characteristics that are
common to both types of reproduction. Fill in the space to the left with
characteristics specific to mitosis and the space to the right with
characteristics specific to meiosis.

Mitosis Meiosis

Did you get the idea? Well then, if you do, you are now ready to proceed
to the next activity.

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 What I Can Do
20

Activity 6: The more I draw, the more I know!

Part A: Draw the different stages of mitosis and write the name of the stage on the blank
space provided.

________________ _____________ ______________ _______________ _______________

Part B: Draw meiosis I and write the name of the stage on the blank space provided.

________________ _____________ ______________ _______________ _______________

Part C: Draw meiosis II and write the name of the stage on the blank space provided.

________________ _____________ ______________ _______________

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 Assessment
10
Set A: Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following statements best describes the cell cycle?
A. The alignment of chromosomes at the equatorial region/plate
B. The production of DNA
C. The production of two identical cells
D. Transition of the cell from one stage to another
2. Which of the following is likely to happen in the cell during G1 or first gap?
A. Protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are synthesized
B. The cell grows
C. The cell produces daughter cells
D. The DNA is synthesized or replicated
3. What do you call the period between synthesis and mitosis?
A. G1 C. Meiosis
B. G2 D. Prophase
4. If mitosis occurs in the body cells, where can meiosis do?
A. Organ cells C. Sex cells
B. Plant cells D. Tissues
5. A dog (Canis lupus familiaris) has body chromosomes of 52. How many
chromosomes are there in its gametes?
A. 26 c. 52
B. 30 d. 104
6. Which of the following statements is NOT true about mitosis and meiosis?
A. Meiosis produced half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
B. Mitosis produced the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells
C. Both mitosis and meiosis are important in the continuity of life
D. Both mitosis and meiosis produced the same number of chromosomes
7. What will likely happen if the cell will NOT divide?
A. Genetic information can be passed on
B. It will not affect any living organisms
C. There will be no cell growth and reproduction
D. All the cells will not be affected
8. How do we know that cells are reproducing in a wound?
A. The appearance of scars in few days
B. The calming of nervousness
C. The ceasing of blood drop
D. The stopping of pain
9. Scientists believe that cancer begins when _________
A. A cell divides too slowly
B. A mutation occurs in the DNA

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 C. Cells stop growing
D. DNA replication stops
10. What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?
A. A cell plate forms in the middle of the cell
B. A new round of mitosis begins
C. Each organelle divides into two parts
D. Two new daughter cells are formed

Set B: Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. Mitosis is the stage during which
A. The cell cytoplasm divides
B. The cell divides into two new cells
C. The cell’s DNA is replicated
D. The cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei
2. Cancer is a disease in which cells
A. Cease producing DNA
B. Die before they can mature
C. Die during mitosis
D. Grow and divide uncontrollably
3. What do you call the transition of a cell from one to another?
A. Cancer cell C. Cell division
B. Cell cycle D. Cell reproduction
4. Which is the genetic material that serves as the set of instruction that directs
the activities and function of the cells?
A. Chromosomes B. DNA C. Heredity D. RNA
5. The passing on of traits from parents to offspring is known as______
A. Cell Division B. Genetics C. Heredity D. Variation
6. The chromosome number of every human being is
A.10 B. 12 C. 32 D. 46
7. Which does NOT belong to the interphase substages?
A. First gap period C. Second gap period
B. Mitosis/ meiosis D. Synthesis stage
8. This cell division produces two identical cells with the same number
of chromosomes.
A. Interphase B. Meiosis C. Mitosis D. Synthesis
9. Two new daughter cells are formed during _____
A. Anaphase C. Interphase
B. Cytokinesis D. Metaphase
10. A human has 23 chromosomes in his gametes. How many does he have in
his somatic cells?
A. 23 B. 46 C. 69 D. 92

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 Additional Activities
10

Activity 7: Let’s see how it does!

Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and if the statement is

false, change the underlined word to make the statement
correct.

1. The final stage of the cell cycle, during which the cytoplasm divides is
called cytokinesis.

2. Meiosis is the division of nuclear cells to form two identical nuclei during
the stage of cell cycle.

3. A diploid cell has the same chromosomal number as the parent cell.

4. Interphase is not part of the cell division.

5. During the G1 stage, the DNA synthesized and replicated.

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 13
What’s In What’s More
Act. 3
G1 – Growth
S – DNA Synthesis
G2 – Growth and
preparation for cell division
M – Cell division
Act. 4
Mitosis Meiosis
1. 2 4
2. No Yes
3. No Yes
4. Yes No
What I Have Learned
Act. 5
Assessment (Set B) Assessment (Set A)
1. D 1. D
Additional Activities 2. D 2. A
Act 7
3. B 3. B
1. True
4. A 4. C
2. Mitosis
5. C 5. A
3. True
6. D 6. C
4. True
5. S Stage 7. B 7. C
8. A 8. A
9. B 9. B
10. B 10. D
Answer Key Grade 8 Q4 W2 Science
 References
Books:
Campo, Pia C., May R. Chavez, Maria Helen D. H. Catalan, Leticia V. Catris, Marlene B.
Ferido, Ian Kendrich C. Fontanilla, Jacqeline Rose M. Gutierrez, Shirley R.
Jusayan, Michael Anthony B. Mantala, Cerilina M. Maramag, Marie Paz E. Morales,
Eligio C. Obille, Jr., Digna Paningbatan, Genevieve Faye Pasamonte, Ma. Dulcelina
O. Sebastian, Rolando M. Tan, and Rodolfo S. Treyes. "Unit 4 Module 4 . Heredity:
Inheritance and Variation of Traits." In Science - Grade 8 Learner's Module, First
Edition, 320-327. Pasig City, Philippines: Department of Education, 2013.

Electronic Resources:
Cell Growth and Division/ Anatomy and Physiology. (n.d.). Retrieved December 30, 2020,
from https://bit.ly/3rfDRia
File: Mitosis cell division.jpg – Wikimedia Commons. (2018). Retrieved December 30, 2020,
from https://bit.ly/2MCqry1
Phases of meiosis by Science Learning Hub. (n.d.). Retrieved December 30, 2020, from
http://bit.ly/3pPXP2C
Prophase – Definition. (n.d.). Retrieved December 30, 2020, from https://bit.ly/3oS0jfz
The Cell Cycle- Phases- Mitosis- Regulation- TeachMePhysiology. (2017). Retrieved
December 30, 2020, from https://bit.ly/3ttQSqc

Development Team Region IX Hymn

OUR EDEN LAND
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Teacher 3 flowers bloom, sunrise and sunset,
San Pedro NHS Here the breezes Are visions you’ll never
Editor: LEE G. BARAQUIA, Ed.D. gently blow, forget.
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Reviewer: MILA P. ARAO And liberty forever Hardworking people
EPS - Science stays, abound,
Management Team: Every valley and dale
Here the Badjaos Zamboangenos,
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Schools Division Superintendent Here the Samals live in Cebuanos, Ilocanos,
peace, Subanens, Boholanos,
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Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
thrive so free, All of them are proud
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CID Chief unity. Region IX our Eden
Land.
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Education Program Supervisor – LRMDS Ladies fair,
Linger with love and Region IX, our Eden
MILA P. ARAO care, Land.
Education Program Supervisor - Science

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