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Simple Past VS Present Perfect Tense

The document discusses and provides examples of the simple past and present perfect tenses in English. The simple past tense is used to indicate actions completed in the past using the past form (verb2) of the verb. Examples include "Jack went to Singapore last month." The present perfect tense indicates actions that began in the past and continue to the present or their results are still visible, using the past participle (verb3) form of the verb and the auxiliary verbs have/has. Examples include "Jill has cleaned the bathroom." Both tenses use time signals to indicate the timeframe and follow set grammatical patterns when forming positive, negative, and interrogative sentences.

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40 views3 pages

Simple Past VS Present Perfect Tense

The document discusses and provides examples of the simple past and present perfect tenses in English. The simple past tense is used to indicate actions completed in the past using the past form (verb2) of the verb. Examples include "Jack went to Singapore last month." The present perfect tense indicates actions that began in the past and continue to the present or their results are still visible, using the past participle (verb3) form of the verb and the auxiliary verbs have/has. Examples include "Jill has cleaned the bathroom." Both tenses use time signals to indicate the timeframe and follow set grammatical patterns when forming positive, negative, and interrogative sentences.

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A'yun
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SIMPLE PAST AND PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Simple Past
1. Function: to indicate actions started and finished completely in the past.
(untuk mengindikasikan bahwa sesuatu sudah selesai dilakukan/terjadi di waktu lampau)
2. Time signal :
- Yesterday (kemarin)
- Last year/month/week (tahun/bulan/minggu lalu)
- Last night (tadi malam)
- Two days/a week/ a month (dua hari/seminggu/setahun yang lalu)
3. Pattern:
a. (+) Subject + verb2 + Object
( - ) Subject + did not + Verb1 + Object
(?) Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object
- Yes, I/you/we/they/he/she/it did
- No, I/you/we/they/he/she/it did not.
b. (+) Subject + was/were + complement
( - ) Subject + was not/were not + Complement
(?) Was/Were + Subject + complement?
- Yes, I/you/we/they/he/she/it + was/were
- No, I/you/we/they/he/she/it +was not/were not
4. Examples:
a. (+) Jack went to Singapore last month.
( - ) Jack did not go to Singapore last month.
(?) Did Jack go to Singapore last month?
- Yes, he did
- No, he did not.
b. (+) Nadia was here yesterday.
( - ) Nadia was not here yesterday.
(?) Was Nadia here yesterday?
- Yes, she was.
- No, she was not.
c. (+) They were always happy.
( - ) they were not always happy.
(?) Were they always happy?
- Yes, they were.
- No, they were not.
5. How to form Verb 2
Verb2 in English is divided into 2, regular and irregular.
a. Regular
Add –d/-ed/-ied to the base form.
b. Irregular verbs
There is no particular rules, so you have to memorize them.
Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 3

*Note: Only past form or Verb 2 are used in Simple Past. Past Participle or Verb 3 are used for
Present Perfect Tense.
Present Perfect Tense
1. Function:
- To indicate actions started and finished at unspecified time in the past, but the result
can still be seen up to the present. (mengindikasikan kegiatan yang dimulai dan
diakhiri di waktu lampau tetapi hasilnya masih dilihat sampai sekarang)
- To show actions done repetitively in the past. (menunjukkan berapa kali suatu
kegiatan dilakukan di waktu lampu sampai ke detik ini)
- To indicate actions have started in the past, still continue in the present, and may/may
not be completed in the future. (mengindikasikan kegiatan yang dimulai di waktu
lampau, masih berlanjut sampai sekarang, dan mungkin dilanjutkan/tidak dilanjutkan
sampai ke masa yang akan datang.
2. Time signal:
- Since (sejak)
- For (selama)
- So far (sejauh ini)
- Up to now (sampai sekarang)
- All week/day/night. (sepanjang minggu/hari/malam
3. Pattern:
(+) Subject + have/has + Verb 3 +Object *have/has = sudah
(-) Subject has/have + not + Verb 3 + Object *have not/has not = belum
(?) Has/Have + Subject +Verb 3 + Verb 3 *have/has…..? = Sudahkah…?
- Yes, + Subject + have/has
- No, Subject + have/has not.
4. Examples:
a. (+) Jill has cleaned the bathroom.
( - ) Jill has not cleaned the bathroom.
(?) Has Jill cleaned the bathroom?
- Yes, she has.
- No, she has not.
b. (+) We have eaten the snacks.
( - ) We have not eaten the snacks.
(?) Have we eaten the snacks?
- Yes, we have.
- No, we have not.
c. (+) He has been here since 2012.
( - ) He has not been here since 2012.
(?) Has he been here since 2012?
- Yes, he has.
- No, he has not.
NOTE: Check the Verb 3 (Regular and Irregular) on the previous page.

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