1. The question is based on the following passage.

Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19
pandemic, especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials
slowed or sometimes stopped. On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher
environmental regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The
batteries in these cars require rare metals that, depending on their supplies, can have
volatile and unpredictable prices. However, there are other scarce elements and
materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus conventional
gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles really compare with regard to
supply chain vulnerabilities. Randolph Kircherian and colleagues wanted to develop a
comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds that go into all the parts in
gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three
vehicles' materials cost vulnerability.

The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000
parts used to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of
electrification, including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Then, they
calculated the amount of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other
materials, in each car type. To develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team
considered the weight of each component, along with its average price and price
volatility between 1998 and 2015. The results showed that self-charging hybrid and
plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The largest contributors
to the increase in cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt, nickel,
graphite and neodymium. The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric
vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term
supplier contracts, substituting some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.
American Chemical Society. (2021). Hybrid cars are twice as vulnerable to supply chain issues as gas-powered models. Taken on August 16, 2021 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210728105731.htm.

The author would apparently agree that the relationship between environmental
regulations and the purchase of hybrid vehicles in paragraph 1 is similar to the
phenomenon of....

A. cars and traffic

B. oil and gas stations
C. people and vehicles
D. gasoline and transportation
E. modern life and electric cars

Jawaban: A
2. The question is based on the following text.

Exercise is painful. As the cliché goes, “No pain, no gain.” When the body exerts
itself, pumping action out of muscles to tear them down and build their mass, it’s
left with a soreness. Doctors, coaches, and mothers all recommend heat for tense sore
muscles—warm baths, moist towels, hot-water bottles, or heated pads as thermotherapy
techniques. But how exactly does applying this heat help the pain and relax the muscles?

While exercising, the body requires more energy than it can produce through aerobic
respiration, or the intake of oxygen. To create enough energy for vigorous movement,
the body goes through another process: anaerobic respiration. This type of energy
production burns sugars without oxygen, producing lactic acid within exerted muscles.
Overworked muscles and a buildup of lactic acid are what cause the pain associated
with exercising. When heat is applied to a sore area of the body, blood vessels widen
and blood flow increases to transport excess lactic acid and other toxins away from tired
muscles. These muscles are also made more elastic by the heat, and nerve endings are
stimulated to block pain signals.

Hogeback, J. (n.d). Why Does Heat Relax Your Muscles? Taken on July 14, 2021 from https://www.britannica.com/story/why-does-heat-relax-your-muscles.

What is the purpose of the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

A. highlight the process of muscle building during exercise

B. illustrate the cliché related to exercise and pain
C. explain the sources of pain while exercising
D. show the process of soreness on muscles
E. define the cliché “No pain, no gain”

Jawaban: B
3. Read the text below to answer the question!

A team led by UC Riverside geologists has discovered the first ancestor on the
family tree that contains most familiar animals today, including humans. The tiny,
wormlike creature, named Ikaria wariootia, is the earliest bilaterian, or organism with
a front and back, two symmetrical sides, and openings at either end connected by a gut.
The paper is published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

For 15 years, scientists agreed that fossilized burrows found in 555 million-year-old
Ediacaran Period deposits in Nilpena, South Australia, were made by bilaterians.
However, there was no sign of the creature that made the burrows, leaving scientists
with nothing but speculation. Then, Scott Evans, a recent doctoral graduate from UC
Riverside; and Mary Droser, a professor of geology, noticed miniscule, oval
impressions near some of these burrows. With funding from a NASA exobiology grant,
they used a three-dimensional laser scanner that revealed the regular, consistent shape
of a cylindrical body with a distinct head and tail and faintly grooved musculature. The
animal ranged between 2-7 millimeters long and about 1-2.5 millimeters wide, with the
largest the size and shape of a grain of rice -- just the right size to have made the
burrows.

"We thought these animals should have existed during this interval, but always
understood they would be difficult to recognize," Evans said. "Once we had the 3D
scans, we knew that we had made an important discovery."

University of California - Riverside. (2020). Ancestor of all animals identified in Australian fossils: A wormlike creature that lived more than 555 million years ago is

the earliest bilaterian. Taken on March 25, 2020, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323152108.htm.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. the descendant on the family tree of familiar animals found in Australia

B. a team led by UC Riverside geologists
C. Australian geologists finding most animals
D. the small ancestor of familiar animals identified in Australia
E. the geologists’ discovery of a worm in Australia

Jawaban: D
4. Read the text below to answer the question!

A team led by UC Riverside geologists has discovered the first ancestor on the
family tree that contains most familiar animals today, including humans. The tiny,
wormlike creature, named Ikaria wariootia, is the earliest bilaterian, or organism with
a front and back, two symmetrical sides, and openings at either end connected by a gut.
The paper is published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

For 15 years, scientists agreed that fossilized burrows found in 555 million-year-old
Ediacaran Period deposits in Nilpena, South Australia, were made by bilaterians.
However, there was no sign of the creature that made the burrows, leaving scientists
with nothing but speculation. Then, Scott Evans, a recent doctoral graduate from UC
Riverside; and Mary Droser, a professor of geology, noticed miniscule, oval
impressions near some of these burrows. With funding from a NASA exobiology grant,
they used a three-dimensional laser scanner that revealed the regular, consistent shape
of a cylindrical body with a distinct head and tail and faintly grooved musculature. The
animal ranged between 2-7 millimeters long and about 1-2.5 millimeters wide, with the
largest the size and shape of a grain of rice -- just the right size to have made the
burrows.

"We thought these animals should have existed during this interval, but always
understood they would be difficult to recognize," Evans said. "Once we had the 3D
scans, we knew that we had made an important discovery."

University of California - Riverside. (2020). Ancestor of all animals identified in Australian fossils: A wormlike creature that lived more than 555 million years ago is

the earliest bilaterian. Taken on March 25, 2020, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323152108.htm.

The purpose of the passage is ….

A. to announce how great a team of geologists is

B. to deliver the information about several ancestors
C. to advertise an ancient animal found in Australia
D. to inform the readers about the important discovery
E. to reveal the sophisticated new science technology

Jawaban: D
5. The text is for the following question.

Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos and
computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far
different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes,
offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support learning
children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.

Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important
time to apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of
cutting-edge technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media.
Interactive media refers to digital and analog materials, including software
programs, applications (apps), some children’s television programming, e-books,
the Internet, and other forms of content designed to facilitate active and creative
use by young children and to encourage social engagement with other children and
adults.

When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood

programs is built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood
professionals are aware of both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are
positioned to improve program quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of
technology and media for the benefit of every child.

This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools
encompasses a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-touch
screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders, electronic
toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used such as tape
recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.

By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast

television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it
demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are
grounded in principles of child development.

NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8

[PDF]. Accessed and adapted on 11 July, 2022 from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-

statements/ps_technology.pdf.

How does the second sentence relate to the first sentence in paragraph 2?

A. It shows the importance of interactive media to children’s lives.

B. It argues that interactive media include digital materials only.
C. It explains the definition and examples of interactive media.
D. It states that the children and adults nowadays are familiar with digital
technology.
E. It shows that interactive media can support social engagement among adults.

Jawaban: C
6. The text is for the following question.

Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos and
computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far
different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes,
offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support learning
children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.

Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important time to
apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of cutting-edge
technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media. Interactive media refers
to digital and analog materials, including software programs, applications (apps), some
children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet, and other forms of content
designed to facilitate active and creative use by young children and to encourage social
engagement with other children and adults.

When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood

programs is built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood
professionals are aware of both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are
positioned to improve program quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of
technology and media for the benefit of every child.

This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools
encompasses a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-touch
screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders, electronic
toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used such as tape
recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.

By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast

television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it
demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are
grounded in principles of child development.

NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8

[PDF]. Accessed and adapted on 11 July, 2022 from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-

tatements/ps_technology.pdf.

The author would apparently agree on the idea that ...

A. digital media can harm learning and relationships

B. technology provides children with enjoyable experiences
C. technology may bring more good than harm when it is used wisely
D. technology can influence the relationships between children and their friends
E. technology minimizes the potential for children’s learning and engagement with
others

Jawaban: C
7. The text is for the following question.

Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos and
computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far
different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes,
offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support learning
children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.

Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important time to
apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of cutting-edge
technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media. Interactive media refers
to digital and analog materials, including software programs, applications (apps), some
children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet, and other forms of content
designed to facilitate active and creative use by young children and to encourage social
engagement with other children and adults.

When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood

programs is built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood
professionals are aware of both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are
positioned to improve program quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of
technology and media for the benefit of every child.

This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools
encompasses a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-touch
screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders, electronic
toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used such as tape
recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.

By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast

television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it
demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are
grounded in principles of child development.

NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8

[PDF]. Accessed and adapted on 11 July, 2022 from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-

statements/ps_technology.pdf.

The author holds the assumption that ....

A. any forms of content designed to facilitate creative children to learn will

challenge them
B. interactive media are any kind of media that include hardware and artifacts of
education
C. the integration of technology and interactive media in childhood programs leads
to improved program quality
D. applying principles of development and learning of children is secondary in the
use of the interactive media
E. technology and media can be used to facilitate learning and establish better
relationships with other children and adults

Jawaban: E
8. The question is based on the following passage.

Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of
August to September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million total
COVID-19 cases. Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations, including by
Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on August 17 gave
the government the green light to keep the original schedule for the engineer and
medical colleges entrance exams.

The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called, are
India's most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation
courses generating millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice
Ashok Bhushan said that “the career of the students cannot be put on peril for long, and
a full academic year cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear any further petitions
regarding postponing future exam dates.

According to the Ministry of Education, 74 percent of the students registered to the

first of the JEE took the exam, while an above 80-percent attendance was observed for
the NEET exam. Students are now gearing up for the second stage of the JEE (the JEE
Advanced), which will take place on September 27. Protests against the exam date
have dwindled since the Supreme Court decision.

Manve, Vishal Yashoda. (2020). Millions of Indian Students Sit University Entrance Exams After Government Disregards Protests to Postpone Them. Accessed on

July 18, 2020 from https://globalvoices.org/2020/09/15/millions-of-indian-students-sit-university-entrance-exams-after-government-pushes-back-protests-to-

postpone-them/.

What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Indian students were reluctant to join university preparation courses.

B. Indian students were forced to sit the JEE and the NEET exam.
C. The JEE and the NEET are annually held by the Supreme Court.
D. The Supreme Court considered the pleas from society.
E. The university entrance tests were finally rescheduled.

Jawaban: B
9. The question is based on the following passage.

Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of
August to September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million total
COVID-19 cases. Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations, including by
Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on August 17 gave
the government the green light to keep the original schedule for the engineer and
medical colleges entrance exams.

The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called, are
India's most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation
courses generating millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice
Ashok Bhushan said that “the career of the students cannot be put on peril for long, and
a full academic year cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear any further petitions
regarding postponing future exam dates.

According to the Ministry of Education, 74 percent of the students registered to the

first of the JEE took the exam, while an above 80-percent attendance was observed for
the NEET exam. Students are now gearing up for the second stage of the JEE (the JEE
Advanced), which will take place on September 27. Protests against the exam date have
dwindled since the Supreme Court decision.

Manve, Vishal Yashoda. (2020). Millions of Indian Students Sit University Entrance Exams After Government Disregards Protests to Postpone Them. Accessed on

July 18, 2020 from https://globalvoices.org/2020/09/15/millions-of-indian-students-sit-university-entrance-exams-after-government-pushes-back-protests-to-

postpone-them/.

Which statement is CORRECT based on the passage above?

A. The first stage of the JEE Advanced was held after September 27.
B. The exams may be postponed due to the protests against the exam date.
C. NEET is an entrance university test for both medical and engineering colleges.
D. Justice Ashok Bhushan wasn’t concerned about students’ academic and future
careers.
E. Many Indians demanded rescheduling the exams because of the high rate of
COVID-19 cases.

Jawaban: E
10. The question is based on the following passage.

Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of
August to September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million total
COVID-19 cases. Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations, including by
Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on August 17 gave
the government the green light to keep the original schedule for the engineer and
medical colleges entrance exams.

The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called, are
India's most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation
courses generating millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice
Ashok Bhushan said that “the career of the students cannot be put on peril for long, and
a full academic year cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear any further petitions
regarding postponing future exam dates.

According to the Ministry of Education, 74 percent of the students registered to the

first of the JEE took the exam, while an above 80-percent attendance was observed for
the NEET exam. Students are now gearing up for the second stage of the JEE (the JEE
Advanced), which will take place on September 27. Protests against the exam date have
dwindled since the Supreme Court decision.

Manve, Vishal Yashoda. (2020). Millions of Indian Students Sit University Entrance Exams After Government Disregards Protests to Postpone Them. Accessed on

July 18, 2020 from https://globalvoices.org/2020/09/15/millions-of-indian-students-sit-university-entrance-exams-after-government-pushes-back-protests-to-

postpone-them/.

The author’s attitude towards the civils’ protest regarding the exam schedule is ….

A. critical
B. positive
C. objective
D. subjective
E. informative

Jawaban: E
11. The question is based on the following text.

What does the author intend to show in his text?

A. That the quality of many sports shoes has greatly improved.

B. That it is best not to play football if you are under 12 years of age.
C. That young people are suffering more and more injuries due to their poor physical
condition.
D. That it is very important for young sports players to wear good sports shoes.
E. That the leather material is the best material for sport shoes due to its price.

Jawaban: D
The following text is for number 12 – 13..
12. What is the purpose of the Key points?

A. To describe the dangers of using cell phones.

B. To suggest that debate about cell phone safety is ongoing.
C. To describe the precautions that people who use cell phones should take.
D. To suggest that there are no known health problems caused by cell phones.
E. To report the health problem caused by cell phones.

Jawaban: B

13. “It is difficult to prove that one thing has definitely caused another.”
What is the relationship of this piece of information to the Point 4 Yes and No
statements in the table Are cell phones dangerous?
A. It supports the Yes argument but does not prove it.
B. It proves the Yes argument.
C. It supports the No argument but does not prove it.
D. It shows that the No argument is wrong.
E. It supports neither the Yes nor the No arguments is true.

Jawaban: C