JAMES KEVIN B.

SOY

BSME 2A

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Automotive Technology (Gasoline and Diesel Engine)

I. Answer the Following Correctly:

1. These markings indicate safe walkways for employees, pathways to drive industrial machinery through, areas
where toxic waste or damaged goods can be stored, and so much more.

2.

• Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, insects, animals, etc., that can cause adverse health impacts.
For example, mold, blood and other bodily fluids, harmful plants, sewage, dust and vermin.

• Chemical hazards are hazardous substances that can cause harm. These hazards can result in both health
and physical impacts, such as skin irritation, respiratory system irritation, blindness, corrosion and explosions.

• Physical hazards are environmental factors that can harm an employee without necessarily touching
them, including heights, noise, radiation and pressure.

3. It is dangerous to stand behind a running engine. Running engine of a vehicle produces carbon monoxide
which is dangerous for us.

4. Measuring gives you confidence in the repairs being performed. It makes the repair objective, rather than
subjective.

5. The volume and weight are related by density, since the weight(W) equal to density times gravitational
acceleration times volume. In terms of their unit: density x grav. acc. x volume

(kg/m3) x (m/s2) x m3 = kg m/s2 (unit of weight)

6. The thread pitch of the two bolts are same if the distance between threads of the bolt is the same as the
other bolt.

7. The threshold torque is usually a low level of torque chosen because the clamp load variation is less at low
torque. the bolt is then turned to an angle and the result is an acceptable level of clamp load.

8. It is used to measure the force applied to a fastener while tightening. This prevents overtightening a bolt,
which can cause damage to the fastener, or under tightening, which can result in potential weakness to the item
you are attaching or assembling.

9. The cordless tools is used at emergency cases, like when a car is to undergo repair while you are
travelling. It is can be use at remote areas where there is no electricity. These tools only used in small scale where
the work only requires less power.

10. As you raise or lower a car, it travels in an arc which can cause the car to slide off the jack. As you raised
one end, either the car's wheels or the jack's wheels must roll. Most often it's the jack's wheels. This ensures the
jack's wheels are facing in the correct direction and will roll without binding.
II.)

1. Automobile

2. Engine

3. Diesel Engine

4. Intake Manifold

5. Exhaust Manifold

6. Intake Valve

7. Piston

8. Piston Rod/Connecting Rod

9. Reciprocating Engine

10. Top Dead Center (TDC)

11. Bottom Dead Center (BDC)

12. Stroke

13. Clearance Volume

14. Engine Displacement

15. Firing Order

III. Answer the following:

1.Illustrate and explain the four stroke cycle of a gasoline engine.

Each cycle thus requires four strokes of the piston—intake, compression, power, and exhaust—and two
revolutions of the crankshaft. An internal-combustion engine goes through four strokes: intake, compression,
combustion (power), and exhaust. As the piston moves during each stroke, it turns the crankshaft.

2. Illustrate and explain the four stroke cycle of a diesel engine.

The four stroke diesel engine works on principle of diesel cycle in which the fuel is ignite by increasing the
temperature of the air above the self-ignition temperature of fuel.
IV. Enumeration:

1.List at least 20 automotive tools and describe how to use the tools in the shop.

1. Breaker bar

If you’re like most people, sometimes you need a little extra help breaking loose stubborn nuts and bolts. A
breaker bar gives you that advantage by providing extra leverage.

2. Pliers

To work on cars, you’re going to need several different kinds of pliers. At a minimum, your toolbox should include
the following types of pliers: slip-joint, tongue and groove, needle nose, and locking (also known as vise grips).

3. Hammers (traditional and dead-blow)

Every now and then, you’ll need to whack a car part or two into submission. For this task, you should keep a
traditional hammer handy, as well as a dead-blow hammer. A dead-blow hammer minimizes the damage caused
when striking a surface.

4. Impact wrench

These days, a variety of different types of impact wrenches are available. You can get either a pneumatic or
cordless design in an array of configurations and torque output ratings. For those who are just starting out, a 1/2-
inch pneumatic impact wrench (and the air compressor to go with it) is usually the best choice.

5. Oil filter wrench

An oil and filter change is a fundamental automotive repair task that nearly every DIYer tackles. But unless you’re
super strong, you won’t be able to remove the filter with your bare hands—you need a dedicated oil filter wrench.

6. Pick set

You’ll never know how important a pick set is until you own one. A small pick can help disconnect an electrical
connector, free a retaining clip, and so much more. You should always keep a set of small picks in your toolbox.

7. Pry bar

Once you start working on cars, you’ll immediately realize the importance of a good pry bar. As a newbie, you’ll
definitely want a medium-length pry bar in your toolbox. You can add a variety of lengths as your tool collection
begins to grow.
8. Punches and chisels

Punches and chisels serve a multitude of uses when working on cars. It’s a good idea to keep a variety of shapes
and sizes available whenever you’re in the garage.

9. Ratchet and Socket Set

A ratchet and socket set is arguably the most important thing to have in your toolbox. You should have ratchets
with each of the standard drive sizes (1/4″, 3/8″, and 1/2″), along with various extensions and a full selection of
sockets. It’s also a good idea to have a variety of Torx and Allen head sockets.

Most modern cars (both foreign and domestic) have metric fasteners. So, as a beginner, unless you’re working on
vintage domestic vehicles, you can usually stick to metric sockets. Later on, you might want to add standard (SAE)
sockets to your collection.

10. Screwdriver Set

Do we really need to talk about how important screwdrivers are? Be sure you have all of the various types—
including flat head, Phillips head, Allen head, and Torx head—in your toolbox at all times.

11. Tire pressure gauge

Tire pressure affects several aspects of vehicle performance, including handling, braking ability, and fuel mileage.
You’ll want to use a tire pressure gauge often to ensure your car’s tires remain properly inflated.

12. Torque wrench

A torque wrench is an essential tool for individuals of all skill levels. In many instances, you need to tighten a nut or
bolt to a certain specification. A torque wrench allows you to do just that by applying a certain amount of force to
the fastener.

13. Wrench Set

It should go without saying that every mechanic needs a wrench set. As was mentioned, these days, foreign and
domestic cars both use metric fasteners. Unless you’re working on vintage domestic vehicles, you’ll usually want to
build up your set of metric wrenches before moving on to collecting standard (SAE) wrenches.

14. Air compressor

Technically, you may not need an air compressor as a beginner, but it sure makes working on cars a whole lot
easier. You can use your air compressor to adjust tire pressure, run a pneumatic impact wrench—the list goes on
and on.

If you want to run air tools, such as an impact wrench, you’ll need a compressor with a rating of 4 to 5 cubic feet
per minute (CFM) at 90 psi. Also, it’s a good idea to select a compressor with at least a 20-gallon tank size, as that
will limit the amount of time you spend waiting for the unit to refill.

15. Fire extinguisher

You never know what might happen when you’re working in the shop. Be sure to always have a fire extinguisher
on hand in case of an emergency.

16. Flashlight
It’s important to be able to see what you’re doing when you’re poking around under the hood. A good flashlight is
something you’ll use every time you’re working on a car.

17. Fluid drain pan

Each time you change oil or do any type of work that involves draining fluids, you’re going to need a fluid drain
pan. In fact, it’s a good idea to get a couple of different drain pans: one for oil and one for coolant (the two fluids
must be recycled separately).

Drain pans that double as containers are especially handy. The design prevents you from having to transfer the
fluid into a separate container before heading to a recycler.

18. Funnels

If you try to add oil (or any other type of fluid) to your vehicle without a funnel, you’ll probably end up making a
huge mess. To keep spillage to a minimum, you should use a funnel every time you top off your car’s fluids.

19. Jack and jack stands

For every automotive task that involves going underneath a vehicle or removing its wheels, you need a jack and a
set of jack stands. A high-quality jack and jack stands will usually last for decades, making them a worthwhile
investment.

20. Toolbox

You can’t just leave your tool collection lying around the garage—you need a toolbox! Even though some
toolboxes are obscenely expensive, there are plenty of affordable options if you shop around. Home improvement
stores often have good deals, as do yard sales and estate sales

Good luck and God bless

Prepared by.

Jefferson F. Elegio