BY DR.

RAVI BHATT (ENG1004: EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION)

• MODULE
• Principals of Communication
Introduction to communication: Process and functions; Verbal & Non Verbal Communication,
Barriers to Communication, Urban Behavior.
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 BY DR. RAVI BHATT (ENG1004: EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION)

Functions of Communicatio
The 9 Functions of Communication are

1.Utilitarian,
2.Persuasive,
3.Motivation,
4.Informative,
5.Aesthetic,
6.Instructive,
7.Therapeutic or Emotional,
8.Regulation or Control, and
9.Social Interaction.

 BY DR. RAVI BHATT (ENG1004: EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION)

Utlilitarian Function:
We communicate to express our emotions, feelings, logical and factual information.This is the most basic function of communication.

Persuasive Function:
As the name suggests, Persuasive function refers to in uencing the opinion of others to believe and accept your stand or claim on an issue or a problem;
so you think of strategies on how to persuade them to change their perspectives or opinion and to decide accordingly.

Motivation Function:
We communicate to entice and direct people to act and reach their objectives or goals in life. In the process, we use positive language to make them
realize that their actions lead them to something bene cial for their being.

Informative Function:
We want to inform other people of what we know—facts, information, and knowledge. In school, most of our speaking activities are directed to get and
give information to develop or improve our knowledge and skills and to imbibe good values. In social organizations, information is shared to guide people
on the processes and procedures necessary to operate e ciently and e ectively.
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 BY DR. RAVI BHATT (ENG1004: EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION)

Aesthetic Function
We use communication for pleasure and enjoyment

“Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul. - Alexander Pop

“A little learning is a dangerous thing

“What Reason weaves, by Passion is undone.

Instructive Function
Many times, older people, people who hold important information, and those in the higher rank communicate to instruct people on what to do, when and where to do them, and on why and
how to do them.
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 BY DR. RAVI BHATT (ENG1004: EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION)

Therapeutic Function or Emotional Expression

Regulation/Control Function
People use communication to maintain control over other people’s attitude and behavior. Your parents use it to guide, inspire, or reprimand you
when you seem to lose control over your schedule, studies, and relationships, among others. In school, your teachers and the administrators use
communication to direct your efforts to positive channels in order to learn new skills, gain more knowledge, develop competencies, and imbibe
good values. In the workplace, leaders and managers use communication to maintain control over their employees and their work environment
or to encourage them in their work. The media use communication to urge the public to patronize a new product or service, to support an
advocacy or rally against a cause, or even to remove government of cials from of ce
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 BY DR. RAVI BHATT (ENG1004: EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION)

Social Interaction

Communication helps us start, maintain, regulate, or even end relationships with other people. We usually establish a positive climate at home, in
school, and in the workplace by greeting the people around us and by exchanging pleasantries with them. We also show how we welcome new
classmates or colleagues by smiling at them and conversing with them about any topic with the intention of getting to know each other and to feel
that “we belong.” Likewise, we avoid communicating with a person when our relationship with him/her turns sour. Our nonverbal language tells
the other person that we are using communication in order to stop communicating with him/her
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 BY DR. RAVI BHATT (ENG1004: EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION)

• Verbal and Non verbal Communication

 BY DR. RAVI BHATT (ENG1004: EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION)

• Non verbal communication includes:

KINESICS

Kinesic communication is the technical term for body language, i.e., communicating by body movement. We call the study of
kinesic communication kinesics. Kinesic communication is a non-verbal form of communication. However, it is not the only non-
verbal way of communicating with other people
Kinesics is all about communication through body movements, such as gestures and facial expressions. It is all about non-verbal
behavior using any part of the body. It also includes communicating using the body as a whole

“Facial expression, gestures, posture and gait, and visible arm and body movements, Oculesics
Oculesics, a subcategory of kinesics, is the study of eye movement, eye behavior, gaze, and eye-related nonverbal communication. 
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 BY DR. RAVI BHATT (ENG1004: EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION)

HAPTICS

The term “haptics” is used to designate any form of interaction involving touch (for example, haptic perception
means recognizing objects through touch). It also includes communicating through touch and technologies that
bring the sense of touch to users. Touch has 3 primary dimensions: thermal (feeling of warm / cold), hardness
(pressure, density) and texture (friction)

• If you use a touch screen mobile phone, you may be familiar with Haptic Touch, a feature which vibrates your
phone when you long-press the screen.
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 BY DR. RAVI BHATT (ENG1004: EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION)

PROXEMICS

In his book, The Silent Language, Edward Hall outlined the following ideas behind proxemic theory

There are four types of distances people keep: intimate (0 to 18 inches), personal (18 inches to 4 feet), social (4 to 10 feet), and
public (over 10 feet). The distances outlined are those deliberately chosen by individuals. Proxemic behavior is learned mostly from
observing others rather than from explicit instruction, which is why personal distance and physical contact varies by culture.The
physical distance between communicators indicates the type of relationship they have. Body angles, touch and eye contact further
reveal the familiarity between people.
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 BY DR. RAVI BHATT (ENG1004: EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION)

PARALANGUAGE

Paralanguage, in brief, is a nonverbal code for the way we say something rather than what we say. The two main categories of
paralanguage are vocal characteristics and vocal interferences
• Vocal characteristics are the pitch (the highness or lowness of your voice), volume (how loudly or softly you speak), rate (the
speed at which you speak) and voice quality (how pleasant or unpleasant your voice sound). Each of these characteristics plays
a part in the impression others have of you. For example, a loud voice is usually associated with aggressiveness; people who
speak quickly are said to be nervous
• Vocal interferences are the sounds and words we use when we hesitate or are not sure of the right word. We all use the
occasional “uh”, “er”, “well”, and “you know” to indicate that we are searching for the right word. But such interferences may
become a problem when they pop up too frequently as they can interrupt your listener’s concentration and comprehension
Paralanguage may be considered a type of nonverbal communication , in its broadest sense, as it can suggest many emotional
nuances.
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 BY DR. RAVI BHATT (ENG1004: EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION)

SIGN LANGUAGE

sign language, any means of communication through bodily movements, especially of the hands and arms, used when
spoken communication is impossible or not desirable. The practice is probably older than speech. Sign language may be as
coarsely expressed as mere grimaces, shrugs, or pointings; or it may employ a delicately nuanced combination of coded
manual signals reinforced by facial expression and perhaps augmented by words spelled out in a manual alphabet.
Wherever vocal communication is impossible, as between speakers of mutually unintelligible languages or when one or
more would-be communicators is deaf, sign language can be used to bridge the gap
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