International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 6 Issue 7, November-December 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Robotics for Business

Matthew N. O. Sadiku , Uwakwe C. Chukwu2, Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi3, Sarhan M. Musa1
1

1
Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
2
Department of Engineering Technology, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, USA
3
Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Central State University, Wilberforce, OH

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Matthew N. O.

Rapid advances in technology have led to an interest in automation Sadiku | Uwakwe C. Chukwu | Abayomi
and robotics. Driving this interest is both a fascination with the Ajayi-Majebi | Sarhan M. Musa
potential of robots to change our lives and the fear that robots may "Robotics for Business" Published in
International
cause loss of jobs. A robot is a programmable machine that can
Journal of Trend in
complete a task and replicate or substitute for human actions. Robots
Scientific Research
are tools that can autonomously sense, reason, plan, and action. and Development
Robotics is the discipline of creating robots. It is a multidisciplinary (ijtsrd), ISSN:
field involving computer science, engineering, and technology. This 2456-6470,
paper explores the uses of robots in the business community. Volume-6 | Issue-7, IJTSRD52382
December 2022,
KEYWORDS: robots, robotics, business, robotics in business pp.601-607, URL:
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52382.pdf

Copyright © 2022 by author (s) and

International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an
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(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

INTRODUCTION
Robots are no longer something you see in the movies machines with enhanced sensing, control, and
and TV shows. They are currently in homes and intelligence used to automate, augment, or assist
businesses. They are becoming more and more human activities. They are currently used in
common in our society and more integrated into our manufacturing and production firms. They are
lives. This is due to the fact that they are becoming expanding to other business industries.
smarter, smaller, cheaper, faster, more flexible, and
The word “robot” was coined by Czechriter Karel
more autonomous than ever before, largely due in Čapek in his play in 1920. Isaac Asimov coined the
part by incorporating artificial intelligence. Robots
term “robotics” in 1942 and came up with three rules
are being used in a variety of areas such as
to guide the behavior of robots [3]:
manufacturing, healthcare, entertainment, military
1. Robots must never harm human beings,
and defense, service industries, design, construction,
law enforcement, education, shopping, and 2. Robots must follow instructions from humans
agriculture. Today, there are robots that can without violating rule 1,
autonomously sense, reason, plan, act, move, 3. Robots must protect themselves without violating
communicate, and collaborate with other robots. The the other rules.
robot revolution is going to change us as humans
[1,2]. Robotics has advanced and taken many forms
including fixed robots, collaborative robots, mobile
WHAT ARE ROBOTS? robots, industrial robots, medical robots, police
Robotics is a relatively new field that is dedicated to robots, military robots, officer robots, service robots,
the design, construction, and use of robots. It is a space robots, social robots, personal robots, and
technology field that uses electronic or mechanical rehabilitation robots [4,5]. Robots are becoming
technology to replace human labor. Robots are

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increasingly prevalent in almost every industry, from conflict, in hostage situations, and for natural and
healthcare to manufacturing. manmade disasters.
Although there are many types of robots designed for Exploration: Robots are often used to reach
different environments and for different hostile or inaccessible areas. A good example of
purposes/applications, they all share four basic exploratory robots is in space exploration. Robots
similarities [6]: (1) All robots have some form of can go to the planets. They can be used to explore
mechanical construction designed to achieve a space.
particular task; (2) They have electrical components
Healthcare: Robotics may also shape the future
which power and control the machinery; (3) All
of healthcare. Robots can be used in managing
robots must be able to sense its surroundings; a robot
laboratory specimens or assisting with surgery,
may have light sensors (eyes), touch and pressure rehabilitation, or physiotherapy. Surgical robots
sensors (hands), chemical sensors (nose), hearing and
can perform extremely precise operations.
sonar sensors (ears), etc. (4) All robots contain some
level of computer programming code. An Entertainment: Robots can be used in entertaining
autonomous robot must have a basic body structure audiences. Increasingly (particularly during the
(the chassis), sensors, a central control system pandemic), people are buying robots for
(microprocessor), actuators (motors), a power supply enjoyment. There are several popular toy robots,
and an overall program for its behavior. Programs are and there are even robot restaurants and giant
the core essence of a robot since they provide robot statues. Figure 2 shows a robot for
intelligence. There are three different types of robotic entertainment [9].
programs: remote control, artificial intelligence, and Education: A single teacher does not have the
hybrid. Some robots are programmed to faithfully capability to meet the needs of personalized
carry out specific actions over and over again learning for every student. A robot does not
(repetitive actions) without variation and with a high replace the teacher but allows students to learn at
degree of accuracy. their own pace.
The advantages of robotics include heavy-duty jobs Journalism: Another popular use of emerging
with precision and repeatability. Despite these robotics in business is robot journalism or
advantages, there are certain skills to which humans automated journalism. It lends a helping hand to
will be better suited than machines for some time to journalists, content creators, and publishers.
come. Humans have the advantages of creativity, Automated journalism is also used to test
decision-making, flexibility, and adaptability. Figure headlines, source information, and identify
1 indicates that robotics is one of the branches of trending stories.
artificial intelligence.
Drones: These are flying robots, a type of robots,
TYPES OF ROBOTS that are poised to proliferate in certain
Depending on applications, there are many types of commercial sectors. Drones can help utility crews
robots including the following [8]: after a storm by quickly and safely identifying
Industrial: One of the most common tasks robots areas in need of repair. Drones can also help with
perform for businesses is product assembly in an maintenance tasks, such as surveying solar panels
industrial space. The most common use of robots for damage.
in industry is for simple and repetitive tasks. The
role of robots is becoming substantial for Chatbots: They have empowered the banks and
industrial applications. Examples include other financial institutions by simplifying the
assembly line processes, picking and packing, complex processes. We interact with Facebook
welding, and similar functions. Robots can reduce Messenger bots all the time. Messenger bots are
risk of injury to humans in dangerous work revolutionizing the small business world.
environments. Messenger bots can answer customers’ questions,
collect user’s info, organize meetings, reduce
Military: In the military sectors, robotic overhead costs, and engage in other business
technology is being applied in many areas. More tasks. Big companies like Walmart, Alibaba, and
recent developments mean that military forces Amazon have been benefitting the help of bots.
worldwide use robots in areas such as UAVs
(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), UGVs (Unmanned APPLICATIONS
Ground Vehicle), drones, and surveillance. It may sound like science fiction, but advances in
Military drones flying over areas of war and automation, robotics and artificial intelligence are
revolutionizing how businesses are run. Modern

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robots are far more capable than their early Workplace: In the past, humans and robots were
predecessors. They have transitioned beyond the even kept away from each other to protect people
production line to see widespread use in homes, from injury. Robots have started to mingle with
restaurants, hotels, offices, retail outlets, and humans in their workplaces. Robots in the
hospitals. Small, medium, and large businesses have workplace offer safety and prevent the employees
integrated robotics in order to achieve higher levels of from overworking themselves to meet deadlines.
efficiency and productivity. There are many potential Robots can do dangerous tasks and they can
applications for robots. Some of these application remove some of the risks. Robots do not take
areas in business are presented as follows [11,12]. breaks or vacation. They do not get tired or
stressed out. Robots can perform tasks that are
Marketing: Businesses use robots for their
repetitive, dangerous, or unenjoyable to the
marketing purposes. Robots compete for attention
employees. The incredible amount of time saved
with more traditional marketing tools during trade
by using robots is hard to deny.
shows. Market leaders have upgraded their
strategic plans with a focus on driving enhanced ADVANTAGES
business opportunities. Chatbots can convincingly The rise of robots has made a profound impact on
deliver a script, just like a human. industrial employment around the world. Businesses
Telecommunications: Businesses require some are increasingly adopting robots to meet different
operational challenges brought about by new
form of telecommunications infrastructure to
technologies. Robots can often take over repetitive or
communicate with customers and partners.
boring tasks, leaving humans to do more fulfilling
Robots can handle incoming phone. An
automated call center uses a programmable work. They can be programmed to do many of these
interface to greet callers and direct them to the tasks, reducing the potential harm to humans. Other
appropriate department. advantages of robots include [8]:
They can offer increased productivity, efficiency,
Inventory: Businesses with large warehouses use quality, and consistency in certain settings.
robots to perform inventory tasks. Inventory
They are cost effective because robots do not get
robots are essentially driver-less vehicles that can
tire, and therefore need no breaks, no holidays, no
navigate a warehouse and select specific pieces of
sick leave and they don’t need to work shifts.
merchandise. They save time and also reduce the
Unlike humans, robots don’t get bored.
likelihood of human error.
They can help businesses save money
Agriculture: The agriculture industry has been
actively adopting different forms of robotic They can help businesses improve safety. Safety
technology. Farmers have already been using is the most obvious advantage of utilizing
tractors and harvesters that are self-guided by robotics.
GPS. Robots can be used to harvest produce, They are good at repetitive work that make
provide care to plants, and, using attached humans tired.
sensors, send information to farmers to determine
Until they wear out, they can repeat the same
the needed levels of water, nutrition, and
process continuously.
pesticides. As a result, the robotization of equipment
in farming yields higher productivity levels and They can be very accurate, even to fractions of an
reduces costs. Drones are used in agriculture to inch, making them particularly useful in the
gather information as shown in Figure 3 [13]. manufacturing of microelectronics.
Manufacturing: Robots can build and assemble Robots can work in environments that are unsafe
anything from candy to computers. They can for humans, such as with dangerous chemicals,
perform specialized tasks that require great high radiation, underwater or hazardous
precision. For example, the automotive industry environment.
uses robots for the assembly process and product They do not have physical or environmental
testing. Assembly may involve welding, painting, needs in the same way humans do.
coating, sealing, lifting, and material removal.
Some robots have sensors and actuators which are
Figure 4 displays how robots are taking a place on
more capable than humans.
the production line [14]. The use of robotics has
the potential to bring more manufacturing The negative effects of robotization are
production work back to developed countries. disproportionately felt in the lower-income
developing nations.

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DISADVANTATGES expected to grow significantly over the coming years.
The use of robots has some disadvantages. These Since modern robots are far more capable than their
include constant electricity use, limitations in their early predecessors, future robots will outshine today’s
programming, and the high cost of purchasing and robots. Robotics promises to see significantly
maintaining them. Although robots are poised to improved pricing and performance over the next
displace millions of humans in various industries, decade. Robot costs will decline, while performance
they are nowhere close to behaving like humans. will improve.
Other disadvantages include [8].
The robotics revolution is inevitable. It is rapidly
Robots inspire two kinds of fear: that they might accelerating, as technology advances in automation,
take over our jobs and that they could take over engineering, energy storage, and artificial intelligence
the world. converge. Humans in manual labor jobs need to
In some industries, robots are replacing human prepare for adding new skills or starting a whole new
jobs, which can create job losses and economic career. Robots are moving into the business world in
problems. a big way and they might shape the future of
business. Looking ahead, automation will likely play
On the whole, robots can only do what they are a large role in the business sector. New business
told to do, meaning they cannot improvise models for industrial robots are not only possible;
(although AI and machine learning is changing they are necessary. Customers demand shorter
this). product lead times, higher variation in the products,
Current robotics technology means that most and higher production quality [16]. The future is
machines are less dexterous than humans and expected to bring significant advances in technology
cannot compete with a human’s ability to with improved efficiency and new transformations
understand what they can see. Although experts with the robot workforce.
are working on developing robots that can better CONCLUSION
sense the world. A robot is essentially an automatically controlled,
Robots with practical applications are generally reprogrammable, multipurpose machine
expensive in terms of the initial cost, programmable in three or more directions. Robots are
maintenance, the need for extra components, and now used for a variety of tasks, from automated home
the need to be programmed to do the task. cleaning to providing customer service. In today’s
world, robots serve people as first-responders,
Robotics requires a substantial amount of initial companions, entertainer, and problem-solvers. More
or start-up cost. and more businesses are turning to robots to help with
They need constant power supply and various tasks. Businesses around the world are
maintenance to keep them running. increasing their use of robots.
FUTURE OF ROBOTS The skills in robotics is highly sought after in
There is no doubt that robots will play a major role in business and other sectors. If you aspire to be a
the future of the economy, both local and global. roboticist, you will need some key skills, such as
However, it is hard to predict how prevalent robots mathematics, science, A robot is a programmable
will be in upcoming years. Understanding where the machine that can complete a task and replicate or
field of robotics is heading is basically using our substitute for human actions, programming, and
insights on the impact robots might make in the near problem-solving. For more information about robotics
future. Due to the incredible potential of robotic in business, one should consult the book in [17] and
technology, application opportunities are limitless in the following related journals devoted to robotics:
the future. Current trends lead many people to believe Robotica
they will take over the workforce in many sectors and
there will be increase in demand for automation [15]. Robitics and Autonomous

The world is constantly changing, and so is its Robotics and Computer-Integrated

technology. Robotics is continually evolving. Robots Manufacturing,
are meant to make human life easier and offer a more Advanced Robotics
comfortable future. As technology advances and
Autonomous Robots
robots become more affordable, we will see more
industries embracing robots and all they can do to Journal of Robotics
boost our standard of living. The robotics industry is Journal of Robotic Systems

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Journal of Robotic Surgery 2018,
Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics https://www.pwc.com/ng/en/assets/pdf/leveragi
ng-power-ai-and-robotics.pdf
Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems
[8] “The future of robotics: How will robots
Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics- change the world?” November 2021,
Transactions of the ASME https://www.futurelearn.com/info/blog/general/
Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and introduction-robotics-future-
Intelligent Systems robots#:~:text=The%20ability%20for%20mach
ines%20and,potential%20to%20enhance%20ou
Journal of Future Robot Life r%20lives.
IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters [9] “The robot hire business is the next big thing,
IEEE Transactions on Robotics here’s why,” June 2022,
https://www.servicerobots.com/blog/the-robot-
International Journal of Medical Robotics and hire-business-is-the-next-big-thing-heres-why/
Computer Assisted Surgery
[10] T. Gerencer, “What’s new in robotics for
International Journal of Robotics Research business,” June 2021, https://www.hp.com/us-
International Journal of Social Robotics en/shop/tech-takes/whats-new-in-robotics-for-
business
International Journal of Humanoid Robotics
[11] N. Galvis, “What are robots used for in a
International Journal of Advanced Robotic
business?” October 2020,
Systems
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Figure 1 Robotics is one of the branches of artificial intelligence.

Figure 2 A robot for entertainment [9].

Figure 3 Drones are used in agriculture to gather information [13].

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Figure 4 Robots are taking a place on the production line [14].

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