Methods of internal testing (primary verification)

of the Eddycon СL
eddy current flaw detectors
for the compliance with DSTU EN ISO 15548-1:2017
(EN ISO 15548-1:2013, IDT; ISO 15548-1:2013, IDT) standard requirements
 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
These methods regulate the procedure of verification of the Eddycon CL
eddy current flaw detectors (hereinafter – the flaw detectors) for the compliance
with DSTU EN ISO 15548-1:2017 (EN ISO 15548-1:2013, IDT; ISO 15548-
1:2013, IDT) standard requirements – Non-destructive testing. Equipment for
eddy current examination. Part I. Instrument characteristics and verification.

2 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

It is required to perform all the works on the flaw detector verification

observing the labor safety requirements stipulated in the operating
documentation for the flaw detectors and auxiliary equipment.

3 MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, SAMPLES (BLOCKS)

When performing verification the verification means, devices, materials and

auxiliary tools enlisted below shall be used. It is allowed to use the instruments
not included in the list below, but these shall be capable of determining
metrological characteristics of the flaw detectors that are subject to verification.
1) Tektronix TDS1002C oscilloscope
2) «PICOTEST G5100A 50 MHz» generator of signals (with 1 µHz – 50 MHz
frequency range)
3) the set of active (noninductive) loads (753.75) Ohm, (50±2.5) Ohm and
(25±1.25) Ohm
4) LCR DE 5000 impedance meter
5) UZT-1 ultrasonic tester
6) synchronization cable
7) cable no. 1
8) «signal generator — ultrasonic tester» cable
9) matching load.

Note:
Technical characteristics of the used equipment and its stability shall
correspond to the test goals.

Before connecting the oscilloscope and/or generator of the sine signals to the
flaw detector“s receiver, as required in separate test types, it is necessary to
make sure that the devices will not be damaged by a high-voltage pulse.

226
 4 CARRYING OUT THE TESTING

According to para 5 of DSTU EN ISO 15548-1:2017 (EN ISO 15548-1:2013,

IDT; ISO 15548-1:2013, IDT) requirements there are three levels of verification.
Each level is determined by time intervals in between the tests and a degree of
complexity of the test procedure.

These methods describe the procedure of carrying out the primary

verification that is normally carried out by the Manufacturer. In accordance with
DSTU EN ISO 15548-1:2017 (EN ISO 15548-1:2013, IDT; ISO 15548-1:2013,
IDT) this type of verification refers to the third level (Level III) and consists of
checking of the flaw detector characteristics stated in the technical conditions
and operating manual.

5 MEASURING THE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS/PROPERTIES

OF THE DEVICE

5.1 Measurement requirements

Al the measurements described in this document are to be carried out in

terms of the input and output of the flaw detector. These measurements do not
require to break the integrity of the device (by the «black box» principle).

Note:
Before connecting the oscilloscope and/or generator of the sine signals to the
flaw detector“s receiver, as required in separate test types, it is necessary to
make sure that the devices will not be damaged by a high-voltage pulse.

5.2 Checking the generator of the flaw detector

5.2.1 Testing the excitation frequency

Methods of testing
5.2.1.1 Assemble the circuit of the oscilloscope connection to the generator
output of the flaw detector via an active (noninductive) load (502.5) Ohm as
shown in Figure 1 and carry out the measurements of the excitation frequency
so to subsequently establish the frequency values in the points of the range as
per Table 1.

5.2.1.2 Set the Maximum measurement frequency value of 1 kHz in the

«Settings» menu of the flaw detector.

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 ATTENTION!

It is recommended to carry out the measurements with double-frequency mode

switched off (in the flaw detector settings).

5.2.1.3 Fill in the Table 1 with the measured frequency values.

Figure 1 – Connecting the oscilloscope to the flaw detector’s output

5.2.1.4 Calculate the error of the measured excitation frequency in

percentage ratio using the formula (1) and fill in the table 1 with the relevant
data.

(1)

Table 1 – Results of measurements taken in the course of excitation

frequency verification of the flaw detector
Units of
measurement Measured Error of the measured
Rated frequency
of the frequency value frequency value, %
frequency
30.00
Hz 150.00
500.00
1.00
kHz 10.00
100.00
1.00
6.00
MHz
12.00
16.00

426
 Note:
In case if the signal have a distorted form, it is recommended to increase the
signal amplitude by adjusting the generator of the flaw detector thus
bringing the signal to the regular (smooth) sine form.

Acceptance criteria

The result of verification is deemed to be satisfactory if the received value of the

maximum excitation frequency error does not exceed 10 % (lays within the
range of ± 10 %).

5.2.2 Determining the linear distortions

For the generator of sine form signals, it is recommended to use the contents of
the harmonic components as a measure of deviation from a pure sine.

ATTENTION!

It is recommended to carry out the measurements with double-frequency mode

switched off (in the flaw detector settings).

Methods of testing
5.2.2.1 Assemble the circuit of the oscilloscope connection to the generator
output of the flaw detector via an active (noninductive) load (50  2.5) Ohm in
accordance with Figure 2.
synchronization CН1

Flaw detector Oscilloscope

generator СН2

R1=50 Оhm

Figure 2 – Connecting the oscilloscope to the flaw detector’s output

5.2.2.2 Set the sine signal frequency value of 170 kHz at the flaw detector
and an initial voltage of the flaw detector’s generator that equals to 0.5 V (as
per table 2). In the «Settings» menu set the Maximum measurement frequency
value of 1 kHz, аll gain equals to 0 dB.

526
 5.2.2.3 Set the scan parameters of the oscilloscope so that one sine signal
cluster of the flaw detector’s generator is displayed on the screen by the second
channel (СН 2) as shown in Figure 3 а) and b).

The ending of the previous sine

signal cluster

а)

b)

а) the setting of the oscilloscope’s scan is incorrect as an ending of the

previous sine signal cluster of the flaw detector’s generator lays within the
scan area;
b) the setting of the oscilloscope’s scan is correct

Figure 3 – Setting the oscilloscope’s scan

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 5.2.2.4 When performing measurements by the probe at the oscilloscope
for the second channel (СН 2) it is necessary to enter the «Probe» menu and by
successive pressing of the «Attenuation» button set the «10Х» value.

5.2.2.5 By pressing the «Measurements» button of the oscilloscope measure

the root mean square value of the voltage (the parameter is marked by RMS in
the oscilloscope) in the points of the range stated in the Table 2.

Table 2 – Results of measurements when determining nonlinear distortions

Measured root Measured value Measured value of
Voltage of Nonlinear
mean square of the magnitude the root mean
the flaw distortion
value of the of the main square voltage of
detector’s coefficient, %
harmonic, dB the main harmonic
generator, V voltage (Urms), V (meas. С ) cv
(Urms har), V
0.5
1.0
2.0
4.0
6.0

5.2.2.6 Activate fast Fourier transformation (FFT) in the “Operation” item

by the second channel of the oscilloscope (Source CH2) by pressing the «MATH»
(Mathematics) button of the oscilloscope. After activation of this function the
signal spectrum will be displayed on the oscilloscope screen as shown in
Figure 3.

СН
2

Figure 4– Spectrum of the signal from the flaw detector’s generator

displayed on the oscilloscope

5.2.2.7 By winding the «Scale» (HORIZONT.) toggle make a distinct main

harmonic of the signal of the flaw detector’s generator displayed. When

726
activating the cursors of the frequency measurement (in the «Source» item
select the «МАТН» value) ensure that the peak of the main harmonic equals to
the frequency ΔHz=170 kHz as shown in Figure 5.

Cursor 2
Peak of the
main
harmonic

Cursor 1

Measured value of the

signal frequency of the
flaw detector

Figure 5 – Signal spectrum of the flaw detector’s generator on the

oscilloscope (for more convenient perception the Cursor 2 is shifted to the left of
the peak of the main harmonic)

5.2.2.8 Go back to the main menu by pressing the «MATH» (Mathematics)

button. By winding the «Position» (HORIZONT.) toggle set the peak of the main
harmonic in the center of the oscilloscope screen and by successive pressing of
the «FFT Zoom» button set the «Х10» value. As a result, the signal will be
displayed on the oscilloscope screen as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6 – Peak of the main harmonic of the oscilloscope

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 5.2.2.9 After activation of the cursors of the magnitude measurement set
any of the cursors at the top of the peak and record the measured value as
shown in Figure 6.

5.2.2.10 Calculate the root mean square value of the voltage of the main
harmonic using the formula (2)

(2)

5.2.2.11Calculate the nonlinear distortion coefficient by the formula (3) and

fill in table 2 with the received value.

(3)

Acceptance criterion
Nonlinear distortion coefficient shall not exceed %.

5.2.3 Determining the value of the output impedance

The output impedance ZS – is the internal impedance of the flaw detector’s

generator which is measured at each independent output.

Methods of measurement is based on the assumption that the accumulated full

impedance may be considered as an active one.

Methods of testing
5.2.3.1 Assemble the circuit of the oscilloscope connection to the flaw
detector’s generator output via an active (noninductive) load (502.5) Ohm in
accordance with Figure 1.

ATTENTION!
It is recommended to carry out the measurements with double-frequency mode
switched off (in the flaw detector settings).

5.2.3.2 Set the following parameters in the working menu of the flaw
detector:
– Filter – off
– frequency – 100 kHz
– all gain – 0 dB.

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 In the «Settings» menu of the flaw detector set the Maximum measurement
frequency value of kHz.

5.2.3.3 Perform the measurements of the amplitude for all the values of the
excitation signal voltage as per the voltage range given in Table 3. Record the
measured voltage values V1 to the Table 3.

Table 3 – Results of measurements when determining the output impedance

Rated voltage Measured voltage V1 at Measured voltage V2 Output

without load, V a load of (502.5) Ohm, at a load of (251.25) impedance ZS,
V Ohm, V Ohm
0.50
1.00
2.00
4.00
6.00

5.2.3.4 Perform the repeated measurement of the voltage preliminary

assembling the scheme as per Figure 1, with an active (noninductive) load of
R2=0.5·R1= 25 Ohm. Fill in Table 3 with the measured values V2.

5.2.3.5 Calculate the input impedance value ZS for each value of the rated
voltage from the Table 3 using the formula (4) and fill in the Table 3.

(4)

Acceptance criterion

The result of checking is deemed to be satisfactory if the received maximum

value of the output impedance lays within the range (10 ± 3) Ohm
(10 Ohm  30 %).

5.2.4 Determining of the maximum output voltage V0max

Maximum output voltage – is the deviation in voltage at the output of the flaw
detector’s generator without load and when the generator is set to the maximum
output signal.

Method of testing
5.2.4.1 Connect the oscilloscope to the output of the flaw detector’s
generator without load and perform the amplitude measurements for all values

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of the excitation signal voltage from the range of values indicated in Table 4. Fill
in Table 4 with the measured values of the voltage.

ATTENTION!

It is recommended to carry out the measurements with double-frequency mode

switched off (in the flaw detector settings).

5.2.4.2 Calculate the value of the deviation (error) of each rated output
voltage using the received data by the formula (5) and fill in Table 4 with the
data.

(5)

Table 4 – Results of measurements when determining the maximum output

voltage
Rated voltage without load, Measured maximum voltage
Voltage error, %
V without load Ohm V0max, V
0.50
1.00
2.00
4.00
6.00

Acceptance criterion

The result of checking is deemed to be satisfactory if the received value of the

maximum output voltage error lays within ±20 %.

5.3 Checking the input cascade characteristics

5.3.1 Maximum permissible input voltage

ATTENTION!

Maximum permissible input voltage is determined taking into account the

flaw detector safety requirements, limitations and nonlinearity.
It is recommended to carry out the measurements with double-frequency
mode switched off (in the flaw detector settings).

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 This characteristic is the peak one at the minimum gain and corresponds to
the safe input voltage, i.e. voltage at which the flaw detector does not get
damaged.

Methods of testing
5.3.1.1 Assemble the circuit of measurement as per figure 7.

5.3.1.2 Set the following parameters in the working menu of the flaw
detector:
– filter – off
– ECP type – “Refl”
– frequency 100 kHz
– all gain – 0 dB
– voltage – 1 V.

Oscilloscope

СН1

Generator Flaw detector

Output Receiver

R1=50
Ohm

Figure 7 – Connecting the oscilloscope to the output connector of the flaw

detector when determining the maximum permissible input voltage

5.3.1.3 Set the following parameters in the «Settings» menu:

– scale «×1/16»
– maximum measurement frequency 9 kHz
– activate the «Persistence» mode and set 0.1s value, then select the «Test»
mode and go back to the working menu.

5.3.1.4 Set the «HScale» and «Vscale» parameters values – ×1/2. Then set
the «Expert» testing mode in the “Settings” menu and go back to the working
menu.

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 5.3.1.5 Set the following parameters at the sine signal generator:
– frequency 100 kHz;
– signal amplitude – 100 mV.

5.3.1.6 Difference between the generator’s signal frequency and the selected
band frequency of the flaw detector shall not exceed 10% from the bandwidth
of the flaw detector.

5.3.1.7 Balance the flaw detector when the receiver cable is disconnected.
Connect the cable to the flaw detector’s receiver and activate the output voltage
of the signal generator. The input signal is measured by the oscilloscope.

5.3.1.8 Increase the input voltage from 100 mV to 4 V and observe the input
signal change at the flaw detector.

First value out of four that are changing (which corresponds to the lowest input
value) and which stops increasing represents the limitation level of the output
signal VS (measured with the oscilloscope). The received input value
decreasing until the parameter under checking achieves the input value that
corresponds to 90 % of the VS level.

Table 5 — Results of measurement when determining the maximum

permissible voltage of the input signal

Rated value of Measured voltage value

Voltage of the
the maximum
input signal
permissible Х (+) axis Х (-) axis Y (+) axis Y (-) axis limitation (VS), V
voltage, axis
4.0

Acceptance criterion

Maximum permissible input voltage shall lay within the range of 2.0 V to
3.0 V.

5.3.2 Input impedance

Input impedance – is the conditional impedance of the input cascade. The

equivalent impedance is the parallel combination of a resistor and capacitor.

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 ATTENTION!

It is recommended to carry out the measurements with double-frequency

mode switched off (in the flaw detector settings).
It is not allowed to use the voltage that is higher than the maximum input
voltage when determining the input impedance!

Methods of testing

5.3.2.1 Assemble the circuit as per figure 8.

Flaw detector
Impedance
meter receiver

Figure 8 – Stand for the input impedance measurement

ATTENTION!

Before carrying out the measurements, it is recommended to set the

resistance «R, Ohm» and the capacity «C, pF to «zero» on the input impedance
meter!

5.3.2.2 Set the following parameters in the working menu of the flaw
detector:
– filter – off
– frequency – 100 kHz
– all gain – 0 dB.

5.3.2.3 Perform the measurements of capacity and resistance in accordance

with the operating manual for the LC-meter.

5.3.2.4 Record the received values to Table 6.

Table 6 — Results of measurement of the input impedance

Measured resistance value R, Measured capacity value С,

Ohm pF

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 Acceptance criterion

The resistance value R shall be not higher than 1 kOhm, capacity value C —
not higher than 150 pF.

5.4 Signal processing

The signal processing stage includes the low-frequency and high-frequency

signals processing.

ATTENTION!

The resistor connected to the input shall be shielded. Set the gain of the flaw
detector to the minimum value. The flaw detector shall be balanced and have zero
input voltage.
All the filters shall be set to the lowest impact.
Difference between the generator“s signal frequency and the selected
bandpass frequency of the flaw detector shall not exceed 10% of the flaw
detector“s bandwidth stated by the manufacturer.

5.4.1 Balancing
5.4.1.1 Value of the residual output signal in case of balancing

The value of absolute output signal that is received after the balancing is
expressed in percentage of the specific range, for instance of the maximum
output voltage.

Methods of testing
5.4.1.1.1 Assemble the circuit in accordance with Figure 9.

synchronisation Trig In
Generator

Flaw detector
receiver Output

R1=50 Ohm

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 Figure 9 – Circuit for the residual output signal measurement in case of
balancing
5.4.1.1.2 Set the following parameters in the working menu of the flaw
detector:
– frequency 100 kHz
– ECP type – “Refl”
– all gain – 0 dB
– filter – off.
5.4.1.1.3 Set the following parameters in the “Settings” menu of the flaw
detector:
– the «Test» mode
– maximum measurement frequency 10 kHz.

5.4.1.1.4 Set the following parameters in the generator’s menu «Sine»:

– 100 kHz
– signal amplitude (output voltage of the generator VPP) – a half maximum
permissible input voltage determined in accordance with para 5.3.1.

5.4.1.1.4 Activate the «Burst» mode

5.4.1.1.5 Set the following parameters at the generator:

– СУС – «10»
– set the synchronization («Src») by pressing the «trig setup» – external
(«Ext») and select the type («Slope») (« »).

5.4.1.1.6 Balance the flaw detector at zero input voltage.

5.4.1.1.7 By pressing the «Output» of the generator supply the voltage to the
flaw detector’s receiver.

5.4.1.1.8 Record the voltage measured by the flaw detector’s meter.

5.4.1.1.9 Balance the flaw detector and record the value of the residual
signal amplitude to the flaw detector after the balancing.

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 5.4.1.1.10 Repeat the steps 5.4.1.1.6 – 5.5.1.1.9 and record the received
values into Table 7.

Table 7 — Measured values at determining the maximum value of the

residual output signal in case of balancing

Number of Values of the flaw Measured values of the Maximum value of the
performed input detector’s voltage residual output signal residual output signal in
signal balancing before balancing, V after the balancing, V case of balancing, V
1
2
3
4
5

Acceptance criterion
The value of the residual output signal shall be not more than 0.03 V.

5.4.1.2 Maximum input voltage that can be compensated

Maximum value of the input voltage that is determined in para 5.3.1 – it is a

voltage that can be set to zero by electronic means.

Methods of testing
5.4.1.2.1 Assemble the circuit in accordance with Figure 10.

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 UZ
T

Attenuator input Attenuator output

generator

Flaw detector Oscilloscope

receiver

R1=50
Ohm

Figure 10 – Circuit for the maximum input voltage measurement that can
be compensated

5.4.1.2.2 Set the «Test» mode in the flaw detector’s «Settings» menu and go
back to the working menu.

5.4.1.2.3 Set the following parameters in the working menu of the flaw
detector:
– filter – off
– frequency – 100 kHz
– ECP type – “Refl”
– generator – 6 V
– all gain – 0 dB
– scale ×1/16
– «HScale» and «VScale» parameters values – 1.

5.4.1.2.4 Set the following parameters at the UZT-1:

– attenuation – 21 dB.

Note:
The voltage is not supplied to the UZT-1.
It is recommended to switch off the dual-frequency mode on the flaw
detector.

5.4.1.2.5 By decreasing the signal attenuation at the UZT-1 tester in

accordance with the range given in Table 8 using the oscilloscope record the
amplitude of the input voltage (record the received data to the Table 8 as well).

5.4.1.2.6 After each measurement of the attenuation coefficient change at

the UZT-1 record the residual voltage after the balancing at the flaw detector.

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 5.4.1.2.7 Decrease of the signal attenuation at the UZT-1 is stopped when
the residual voltage achieves the value that is twice as more as the measured one
in para 5.4.1.1.

Table 8 – results of measurements when determining the maximum input

voltage that can be compensated

Initial Device readings

Input voltage of Limit value at Maximum input voltage
attenuation of after the input
the flaw which the voltage that can be compensated,
the signal at signal balancing,
detector, V increase stops V
the UZT-1, dB V

21
18
15
12
9
8
7

Acceptance criterion

The value of the maximum input voltage that can be compensated shall be
not less than 70 % of the maximum input voltage that meets the linearity
requirements.

5.4.2 Extinction of harmonics

Methods of testing
The measurements shall be repeated 5 times for each harmonic, if required,
and up to the attenuation value of more than 60 dB.

ATTENTION!

It is recommended to carry out the measurements with double-frequency mode

switched off (in the flaw detector settings).

5.4.2.1 Assemble the circuit as per Figure 11.

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 Flaw detector
Generator
receiver

R1=50
Ohm

Figure 11 – Circuit for determining the extinction of harmonics

5.4.2.2 Select the «Test» mode.

Set the following parameters in the working menu of the flaw detector:
– filter – off
– frequency – 100 kHz
– all gain – 0 dB
– scale ×1/16.

When the parameters are set in the «Settings» menu set the «Expert»
testing mode and go back to the working menu.

5.4.2.3 Set the following parameters at the sine signal generator:

– frequency 100 kHz
– signal amplitude (generator’s output voltage) – a half maximum
permissible input voltage determined in accordance with para 5.3.1.

5.4.2.4 Balance the flaw detector at the receiver cable is disconnected.

5.4.2.5 Connect the cable to the flaw detector’s receiver and activate the
output voltage of the signal generator.

5.4.2.6 Record the measured value of the input signal amplitude to the flaw
detector.

5.4.2.7 By changing the generator’s frequency as per the range given in

Table 9 record the flaw detector’s amplitude readings.

Table 9 – Readings received when determining the extinction of harmonics

Flaw detector frequency, Harmonics set at the generator, kHz

100 kHz Harmonic 1 Harmonic 2 Harmonic 3 Harmonic 4 Harmonic 5 Harmonic 6

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 100 200 300 400 500 600
Measured value of the voltage
of harmonic, V
Extinction of harmonic, dB

5.4.2.8 Calculate the value of the extinction of harmonics as a correlation

between the voltage of the nth harmonic Vfn to the main harmonic Vf1 by the
formula (6) and fill in Table 9 with the received data.

(6)

Acceptance criterion

The value of the extinction of harmonics shall be not less than 15 dB.

5.4.3 Frequency characteristic at the stage of signal processing

Frequency range at which the demodulated signal have the gain not less
than «m» dB and with attenuation not less than «n» dB.

The «m» and «n» values shall be stated in the operating documentation. The
frequency characteristic that are set at the level of ±3 dB.

Methods of testing
5.4.3.1 Assemble the circuit as per Figure 10.

5.4.3.2 Set the «Expert» testing mode in the «Settings» menu of the flaw
detector and set the following parameters:
– scale – 1/16
– filter – off
– frequency – 200 Hz
– all gain – 0 dB
- activate the «Persistence» mode with 0.1s value (for more convenient
perception).

5.4.3.3 Set the following settings at the sine signal generator:

– frequency 200 Hz
– signal amplitude (generator’s output voltage Vpp) – a half maximum
permissible input voltage determined in accordance with para 5.3.1.

5.4.3.4 Balance the flaw detector with the disconnected cable after all the
settings entered, then connect the cable and activate the output voltage of the

2126
signal generator. As a result, “the ring” will appear on the flaw detector
screen.

5.4.3.5 Activate the “Circle” type ALARM frame in the flaw detector.

5.4.3.6 Set the ALARM frame radius so that the ALARM triggers at the signal
exceedance on the flaw detector screen with a step of +1000, +100, +10, +1.

5.4.3.7 By simultaneously changing the signal frequency at the signal

generator and the flaw detector, as per the range indicated in Table 10,
change the preamplification coefficient at the flaw detector so that the ALARM
triggers.

5.4.3.8 Record the measured gain values to the Table 10.

Table 10 – Measurement data when determining the frequency

characteristic at the stage of the signal processing
Measurem Lower limit
ent units of the
Signal Upper limit of the
of Flaw detector Difference in gain frequency-
generator frequency-amplitude
frequency frequency amplitude, dB amplitude
frequency characteristic, dB
characteristi
c, dB
100 100 - 3 dB + 3 dB
Hz
200 200
100 100
200 200
300 300
400 400
kHz
500 500
600 600
700 700
800 800
900 900

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Measurem Lower limit
ent units of the
Signal Upper limit of the
of Flaw detector Difference in gain frequency-
generator frequency-amplitude
frequency frequency amplitude, dB amplitude
frequency characteristic, dB
characteristi
c, dB
1.0 1.0
5.0 5.0
MHz
10.0 10.0
13,0 13,0
16,0 16,0

Acceptance criterion

Frequency characteristic at the stage of the signal processing in the range of 100
Hz to 16 MHz at the level of not more than ±3 dB.

5.4.4 Bandwidth

The bandwidth is determined on the basis of the values received in para 5.4.3.1
when determining the frequency characteristic at the stage of signal processing
with the extinction of 3 dB.

Methods of testing
5.4.4.1 Assemble the circuit as per Figure 12.

Oscilloscope

Flaw detector
Generator
receiver

R1=50
Ohm

Figure 12 – Circuit for determining the bandwidth

2326
 5.4.4.2 Set the «Test» mode in the «Settings» menu of the flaw detector and
go back to the working menu.

5.4.4.3 Set the following parameters in the working menu of the flaw
detector:
– scale – 1/8
– «Hscale» parameter value – 4
– «Vscale» parameter value – 
– filter – off
– frequency – 100 kHz
– all gain – 0 dB.

5.4.4.4 Set the following parameters at the sine signal generator:

– frequency – 100 kHz
– signal amplitude (generator out put voltage Vpp) – a half maximum
permissible input voltage determined in accordance with para 5.3.1.

5.4.4.5 Balance the flaw detector with the receiver cable switched off.

5.4.4.6 Connect the cable to the flaw detector’s receiver. Activate the output
voltage of the signal generator.

5.4.4.7 Set minus 3 dB preamplification value at the flaw detector and

keep in mind the signal level (by cells) at the device.

5.4.4.8 Set the preamplification value of 0 dB and by simultaneously

changing frequency of the generator and flaw detector, record the upper and
lower limits of the frequencies that are lower than the ones recorded at minus 3
dB preamplification level (lower than the ones recorded from the previous
paragraph).
5.4.4.9 Checking shall be performed within the range of 40 Hz to 22 MHz
from the range of frequencies as per Table 8 (points are similar to the
measurements of the frequency characteristic at the stage of the signal
processing in the additional point of 30 Hz). Fill in Table 11 with the
measurements data.

Table 11 — Measurement data when determining the bandwidth

Measured value of the bandwidth at minus 3

Permissible values
dB level
40 Hz - 22 MHz

Acceptance criterion

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 The bandwidth lays within the range of 40 Hz to 22 MHz.

5.4.5 Phase characteristic linearity

The phase characteristic linearity of the flaw detector – is a constant value
representing the difference between the phase angle of the output component
and the input signal.

It is determined as a maximum deviation in linearity at the output in case of

change of the phase angle of the input signal of 0 to 360.

Methods of testing
5.4.5.1 Assemble the circuit as per Figure 13.

synchronizatio Trig
n In Generator
Flaw detector

receiver Output

R1=50
Ohm

Figure 13 – Circuit assembly for determining the phase characteristic

linearity

5.4.5.2 Set the «Test» mode in the «Settings» menu.

Set the following parameters at the flaw detector:
- frequency – 100 kHz
- scale 1/16
- «HScale» and «Vscale» parameters values – 1
- activate the «Persistence» 0.1s mode
- maximum measurement frequency – 9 kHz.

Switch to the «Settings» menu and set the «Expert» mode, then go back to
the working menu.

Switch off the «Circle» type ALARM frame at the flaw detector.

5.4.5.3 Set the following parameters at the signal generator:

- amplitude – a half maximum input voltage determined in accordance with
para 5.3.1;

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 - frequency – 100 kHz.

5.4.5.4 Activate the «Burst» mode (synchronization).

5.4.5.5 Set the following parameters at the generator:

– СУС – «10»
– by pressing the «trig setup», set the synchronization («Src») –
externa («Ext») and a type («Slope») – 5.4.5.6 Switch off the output voltage
of the signal generator and balance the flaw detector.

5.4.5.7 Switch on the output voltage at the signal generator, as a result the
input signal will be displayed in the form of a point on the flaw detector screen.

5.4.5.8 Record the phase value measured with the flaw detector to Table
12 (readings of the flaw detector’s measurer of phase) and the «Phase»
parameter value.

5.4.5.9 Successively increasing the «Phase» parameter value by 60 record

the phase values measured with the flaw detector to Table 12.

5.4.5.10 Calculate the value of the phase deviation as a difference between

the reading of the flaw detector’s measurer of phase and the «Phase»
parameter value.

The calculated value of the readings deviation shall be recorded to the

Table 12.

Table 12 – Measurement data when determining the phase characteristic

linearity
Readings of the phase meter of Value of the «Phase» Value of the readings deviation,
the flaw detector parameter, ° dB
0
60
120
180
240
300
360

Acceptance criterion

Deviation in the «Phase» parameter and readings of the phase meter of the
flaw detector at each iteration shall not exceed ±0.5°.

2626
 5.4.6 Gain adjustment accuracy

Gain adjustment accuracy – is the capability of the device to increase the

signal in a linear fashion and which is characterized by the maximum deviation
in linearity in decibels (dB) between the set value and the measured one.

Methods of testing

5.4.6.1 Assemble the circuit in accordance with Figure 14.

Generator UZT-
1Attenuator Flaw detector
Output Attenuator output receiver
input

R=50
Ohm
Figure 14 – Circuit assembly for determining the gain adjustment accuracy

ATTENTION!
The voltage is not supplied to the UZT-1!

5.4.6.2 Select the «Test» mode in the «Settings» menu of the flaw detector
and go back to the working menu.

Set the following parameters in the working menu of the flaw detector:
– scale – 1/16
– ECP type – «Refl»
– frequency – 100 kHz
– parameters values «HScale» and «Vscale» – 1;

Switch to the «Settings» menu and set the «Expert» testing mode, go back to
the working menu.

5.4.6.3 Set the following parameters at the sine signal generator:

– frequency – 100 kHz
– signal amplitude (generator output voltage Vpp) – a half maximum
permissible input voltage determined in accordance with para 5.3.1.

5.4.6.4 Balance the flaw detector with the input voltage switched off.

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 Note:
It is required to balance the flaw detector after each change of the gain
coefficient!
It is necessary to perform balancing at every measurement point!

5.4.6.5 Connect the cable to the flaw detector’s receiver, as a result the input
signal will be displayed in the form of a ring on the flaw detector screen.

5.4.6.6 Activate the «Circle» type ALARM frame in the flaw detector and set
the radius in such a way that the ALARM triggers at the signal exceedance on the
flaw detector screen.

5.4.6.7 Increase the preamplification by 5 dB at the flaw detector and at

the UZT-1 — by 5 dB as well.

5.4.6.8 By adjusting the attenuation at the UZT-1 achieve the ALARM

triggering by the set level.

5.4.6.9 Record the measured attenuation value to Table 13.

5.4.6.10 Repeat the steps described in paras 5.4.6.7-5.4.6.9 for each value as
per Table 13.

5.4.6.11 Calculate the signal amplitudes ratio as a difference of values of

the external attenuation and initial gain coefficient of the flaw detector in
each measurement and record the data to Table 13.

Table 13 — Measurement data when determining the gain adjustment

accuracy
Preamplification coefficient of Signal amplitude ratio
External attenuation, dB
the flaw detector, dB (difference), dB
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
5.4.6.12 Repeat the steps described in paras 5.4.6.6-5.4.6.11 for each value
of the gain coefficient of the flaw detector as per Table 14.

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 Table 14 — Measurement data when determining the gain adjustment
accuracy
Preamplification coefficient of Signal amplitude ratio
External attenuation, dB
the flaw detector, dB (difference), dB
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Acceptance criterion

The gain adjustment accuracy shall be not more than ±1.0 dB within a range
of 0 to 50 dB with a step of 5 dB.

5.4.7 Phase adjustment accuracy

Phase adjustment accuracy is the difference between the expected and real
change in the output signal vector, when the phase shift takes place at the phase
adjustment. It is necessary to record the amplitude deviation at the phase
adjustment.

5.4.7.1 Assemble the test circuit in accordance with Figure 15.

СН1 Oscilloscope СН2

Flaw detector Signal

generator receiver generator

R1=50
Ohm

Figure 15 – Circuit for determining the phase adjustment accuracy

2926
 5.4.7.2 Activate the dual-frequency mode in the “Settings” by putting the
check mark in the relevant item and set «1/16» scale. Activate the «Persistence»
mode and set 0.1s value. Set maximum measurement frequency of 9 kHz.

5.4.7.3 Set the generator frequency of 100 kHz and the generator voltage of
1 V at the flaw detector (as per page one).

5.4.7.4 Switch the flaw detector to the page two by pressing the «SWITCH
FREQ» button and set the generator frequency of 200 kHz, the generator voltage
– 1 V.

5.4.7.5 By the successive pressing of the «SWITCH FREQ» button go back to

page one.

5.4.7.6 Set the following at the signal generator:

- frequency – 100 kHz
- amplitude – 1 V.

Activate the output voltage of the signal generator.

5.4.7.7 By changing the frequency value of the signal generator achieve the
signal display in the form of a static point on the flaw detector screen.

ATTENTION!
The quality of frequencies matching (para 5.4.7.7) of the flaw detector and
external signal generator affects further measurements.

5.4.7.8 Connect first channel of the oscilloscope to the flaw detector

generator, and the channel two – to the external signal generator.

5.4.7.9 Achieve the signal display by both channels of the oscilloscope as

shown in Figure 15, adjusting vertical and horizontal positions by the controls,
as well as vertical and horizontal scale.

5.4.7.10 Achieve the signal display fixation by both channels by pressing the
«RUN/STOP» button of the oscilloscope, as shown in Figure 16.

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Flaw detector’s Flaw detector’s
generator signal, with generator signal, with
200 kHz frequency 200 kHz frequency

Zero point

Figure 16 — Display of the external generator signal and flaw detector’s

generator signal on the screen

5.4.7.11 When the fixed image on the oscilloscope screen coincides with
one represented in Figure 15, it is requested to record the measured value of the
phase «Р1» to the flaw detector.

5.4.7.12 The point of transition from one flaw detector frequency to another
is the zero point.

5.4.7.13 Activate the cursors at the oscilloscope and select the «Time» type.

5.4.7.14 Set Cursor 1 to the first signal of 100 kHz crossing with the
longitudinal axis that comes after the zero point (for convenience, the first point
of signal transition by the dropping in Figure 16).

5.4.7.15 Set Cursor 2 to the first signal crossing of the external generator
signal with the longitudinal axis that comes after the zero point (for convenience,
the first point of signal transition by the dropping in Figure 16).

ATTENTION!
As shown in figure 15, a dropping signal part of the external signal generator
crosses the longitudinal axis earlier relative to zero point than the signal of the
flaw detector generator crosses its longitudinal axis, that is why the measured
value of the time shift of phases «t1» is recorded with the negative value. In case if
the signal of the flaw detector generator crosses the longitudinal axis earlier than
the signal of the external signal generator, «t1» is to be recorded with the positive
value.

5.4.7.16 Record to the protocol the time shift of phases «t1» of the flaw
detector generator signals and external generator signals.

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 5.4.7.17 Measure the signal period with 100 kHz frequency «Т» by adjusting
the cursors positions and record to the protocol.

5.4.7.18 Calculate the difference in the signal phases 1 of the flaw
detector’s generator and external signal generator by the formula (7):

(7)

5.4.7.19 By changing the frequency of the external generator change the

location by approximately 90° and make the signal again a static point.

5.4.7.20 Repeat the steps of paras 5.4.7.10-5.4.7.18, recording the values

that have changed (Р2 and t2 ) to Table 14.

5.4.7.21 Calculate the difference in the signal phases 2 of the flaw
detector’s generator and external signal generator by the formula (8):

(8)

5.4.7.22 Calculate the difference in the measured values Р1 and Р2 by the

formula (9):

(9)

5.4.7.23 Calculate the difference in the measured values Δφ1 and Δφ2 by
the formula (10):

(10)

5.4.7.24 Record the data that have been calculated in paras 5.4.7.16-5.4.7.23
to Table 14.

5.4.7.25 Calculate the value of the absolute error of the phase adjustment 
by the formula (11) and record the data to Table 15

(11)

Table 15 – Measurement and calculation data when determining the phase

adjustment accuracy

Readings of the Measured value Measured Phases shift of Deviation of Measured Phase adjustment
flaw detector of the values of the the flaw phases as per value of absolute error,
measurer of generator’s phases time detector and of the readings of the degrees,

3226
 shift of the
the flaw
main frequency flaw detector the signal deviation
detector’s
phase, degrees, period of the and of the generator, of phases,
measurer of 
Р1, Р2 flaw detector, signal degrees, degrees,
phase, degrees,
µs, Т generator, µs, 1, 2 
Р
t1, t2

Acceptance criterion:

Phase adjustment absolute error shall lay within the range of ±10.

5.4.8 Attenuation of the inphase signal

These measurements characterize the capability of the device to suppress

the inphase signals. This procedure is applied only for those devices that are
intended for differential measurements.

5.4.8.1 Assemble the measurement circuit in accordance with Figure 16. For
the operating flaw detector 2.1 (16 pin) the adapter with LEMO 16 — LEMO 12
(Bridge) connectors is used.

Matching load

Pos. 1
Signal Flaw detector
generator
Pos. 2 receiver

Attenuator input
R1=50
Ohm

Figure 17 — Measurement circuit when determining the attenuation of the

inphase signal

5.4.8.2 Set the following parameters in the «Settings» menu of the flaw
detector:
– testing mode – «Expert»
– dual-frequency mode – off
5.4.8.3 Set the following parameters in the working menu of the flaw
detector:
– scale – 1/16
– all gain — 0 dB

3326
 – frequency – 100 kHz
– filter – none
– generator voltage – 1 V.

5.4.8.4 Set the following parameters at the sine signal generator:

– frequency – 100 kHz
– signal amplitude (generator output voltage Vpp) – a half maximum
permissible input voltage determined in accordance with para 5.3.1.

5.4.8.5 Balance the flaw detector with the signal generator switched off
(zero input voltage).

5.4.8.6 Set the toggle of the matching load to position «1».

5.4.8.7 Activate the output signal at the signal generator.

5.4.8.8 Record to Table 15 the input signal amplitude value measured with
the measurer of the flaw detector V1.

5.4.8.9 Switch the matching load toggle to the position 2.

5.4.8.10 Set the preamplification coefficient of 40 dB at the flaw detector.

Record the input signal amplitude value (VX) measured with the flaw detector.

5.4.8.11 Calculate the input signal amplitude of the flaw detector V2 by the
formula (12) and record the value to Table 15.

(12)

5.4.8.12 Calculate the attenuation quality coefficient using the formula (13)
and record the value to Table 16.

(13)

5.4.8.13 Indicate the value of the measured inphase signal coefficient in

decibels using the formula (14), where the q value is determined by the formula
(13).

(14)

Table 16 – Measurement data when determining the attenuation of the

inphase signal

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 Input signal
Measured Measured
amplitude
voltage value voltage value Attenuation
reading of the Attenuation quality
in the toggle Coefficient, dB in the toggle quality
flaw detector, coefficient, dB
position 1 position 2 coefficient
Vx , V
V1, V V2, V

40

Acceptance criterion:

Attenuation quality coefficient shall be not less than 80 dB.

5.4.9 Maximum flaw detector noises

Maximum flaw detector noise correspond to the input voltage equivalent to the
maximum residual output signal when the input signal is supplied with
maximum bandwidth to the flaw detector.

Methods of testing

5.4.9.1 Assemble the measurement circuit in accordance with Figure 18.

Generator Flaw detector

receiver

R1=50
Ohm

Figure 18 — Circuit for determining the flaw detector maximum noises

5.4.9.2 Balance the flaw detector with “zero” input voltage Uin.

5.4.9.3 Set the following parameters in the working menu of the flaw
detector:
- frequency – 100 kHz
- filter – off
- scale – 1/16
- ECP type – “Refl”.

5.4.9.4 Set the following parameters at the signal generator:

- frequency – 100 kHz

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 - voltage (in accordance with one measured in para 5.3.1 (maximum
permissible input voltage).

5.4.9.5 Supply the maximum permissible input voltage from the signal
generator Vmaxin to the receiver input of the flaw detector (gain equals to Gmin =1).

5.4.9.6 Fill in Table 16 with the received value of the input signal amplitude
Vmax out, measured by the flaw detector.

5.4.9.7 Disconnect the signal generator from the flaw detector’s receiver.

5.4.9.8 Set the gain of 30 dB at the flaw detector (maximum gain Gmax).

5.4.9.9 Assemble the circuit in accordance with Figure 19 (connect the

oscilloscope to the flaw detector receiver).

Flaw detector
Oscilloscope
receiver

Figure 19 – Circuit for determining the RMS value of the voltage measured
with the oscilloscope

5.4.9.10 Record the maximum RMS value of the voltage Vnoiseout measured
with the oscilloscope to Table 17.

Table 17 – Measurement data when determining the maximum flaw detector

noises

Vmax in, mV Gmin, dB Gmax, dB Vmax out, mV Vnoise out, mV Veq, mV

5.4.9.11 Calculate the equivalent noise value at the input Veq using the
formula (15) and record the data to Table 16.

(15)

Acceptance criterion

Maximum flaw detector noises shall not be more than 0.05 V.

3626