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Quality Management Step Notes Sample

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
21 views

Quality Management Step Notes Sample

Certified

Uploaded by

ammar mughal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STEP NOTES Quality Management

CERTIFYING QUALITY
Certification is intended to bring “standardisation” so that customers can have
confidence in the physical interchangeability and similarity of performance of
items purchased at different times and/or from different suppliers.
Standardising agents can be national, international, industry associations, or simply

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large and influential customers. The objectives of these bodies can be to establish

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safety standards, interchangeability of products, higher product quality standards,
or better management practices.

Purchasers

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Large customers can exercise great influence on their suppliers through their

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purchasing power and desire for uniformity, e.g. the ISO/TS 16949:2009 standard
which describes the application of the ISO 9000 QMS to automotive production

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and associated service part organisations.
Other standards, such as TL 9000, have been designed specifically for use in the
telecommunications industry. TL 9000 is based on ISO 9000 and incorporates
performance metrics and measurements.
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Industrial Standardising Bodies
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Multiple Assessment
This would occur where a company supplies to a range of customers, each with
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their own certification standard for assessment. It is wasteful of resources for both
parties and could lead to widely differing results. This can be avoided by the use of
regulatory “third-party” assessment schemes.
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First-, Second- and Third-Party Assessment


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 If a company evaluates itself according to an established standard (i.e. if it


does an “internal audit”), it is a first-party audit or assessment.
 If a customer evaluates a (potential or actual) supplier against the standard, it
is performing a second-party assessment. From the evaluator’s (customer)
point of view this is sometimes described as an “external” audit. From the
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recipient’s (supplier) point of view it is sometimes referred to as an “extrinsic”


assessment.
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 If the assessment is conducted by an independent specialist, such as a


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consultant or a certification body, it is referred to as a third-party assessment.


There are obvious economic advantages all round if a number of second-party
assessments by different purchasers can be replaced by a single, regulatory, third-
party assessment in which all potential customers have confidence.

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Quality Management STEP NOTES

National Standardising Bodies


Most developed nations have established a national standards organisation, either
as a government department or an autonomous body. Within the UK this is the
British Standards Institution, established by Royal Charter. In the USA it is ANSI
(American National Standards Institute), in France AFNOR (Association Française
de Normalisation) and so on.

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The BSI establishes written standards for a wide variety of products and services of

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commercial significance. British Standards are drawn up by all those who have a
particular interest and believe they will benefit by establishing a standard for the
subject concerned. They can include manufacturers, users, research organisations,

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government departments and consumers. A typical BSI technical committee
working on such a project could include representatives from all these groups. All

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Standards are also made available for public comment before they are issued.
Each year, BSI withdraws obsolete Standards and adds new ones.

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As the British national standards organisation, BSI is a member of numerous other
bodies, both European and fully international; for example the International
Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) whose name explains its function, and the
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International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) which has a very wide scope.
Through its membership of bodies such as the ISO, BSI is represented on their
policy and technical committees and so plays a part in formulating worldwide
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policies and practices, as well as contributing to the development and definition of
new standards.
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Types of National Standard


Industry standards agreed on a national basis are often adopted as national
standards, or negotiated in the first place as national standards. Thus it may be
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difficult in some circumstances to differentiate between the two; there are


numerous examples in the UK of national standards which are only used by a
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particular industry. There are, for example, whole blocks of British Standards on
automotive, marine and aerospace topics, whereas other Standards are sufficiently
general in scope to apply to many or all industries.
Several different types of document may be given the status of national standards
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and used for different purposes, for instance:


 Product specifications: e.g. BS 64, Specification for normal and high strength
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steel bolts and nuts for railway rail fishplates.


Services specifications: e.g. BS 7269, Drycleanability of leather garments.
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 Materials specifications: e.g. BS 506-1, Methanol for industrial use.


Specification for methanol.
 Management standards: e.g. BS 8210, Guide to facilities maintenance
management.

10 © RRC
STEP NOTES Quality Management

 Codes of practice: e.g. BS 8000, Workmanship on construction sites.


 Design guides: e.g. BS 5385-1, Wall and floor tiling. Design and installation of
ceramic, natural stone and mosaic wall tiling in normal internal conditions.
Code of practice.
 Test methods: e.g. BS 1016, Methods for analysis and testing of coal and
coke.

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 Inspection criteria: e.g. BS 8461, Football goals. Code of practice for their

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procurement, installation, maintenance, storage and inspection.
 Tables of data: e.g. BS 7231-1, Body measurements of boys and girls from

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birth up to 16.9 years. Information in the form of tables.
 Definitions of terms, standard symbols and abbreviations: e.g. BS 499-1,

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Welding terms and symbols. Glossary for welding, brazing and thermal
cutting.

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 Guides: e.g. BS 1916-1, Limits and fits for engineering. Guide to limits and
tolerances.

Product Certification Procedures


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Ideally, a customer would like the choice of being able to purchase from a variety
of suppliers, knowing the product will meet a defined grade and quality level, and
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be interchangeable or substitutable for a similarly identified certified product from
any other source. Such a scheme demands:
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 Consultation between all suppliers and customers contributing to the scheme.


 A source of funding.
An independent inspectorate and testing laboratory.
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 Assessment of suppliers’ quality management systems.


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Defined Specifications
With regard to defined specifications of performance and other factors affecting
interchangeability, many product approvals are handled by defined test methods.
Examples are car windscreens and motor-cycle helmets. In all such cases the
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supplier has to fulfil two criteria:


 Approval of the product by passing defined tests conducted by BSI or an
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independent test laboratory, or by self-certification subject to periodic


independent audit.
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 Approval of his quality management system under BS EN ISO 9000.

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Quality Management STEP NOTES

The rationale behind the requirement for approval of the quality management
system is that only through effective quality assurance can confidence in the
consistency of product be obtained; in other words, that all batches of helmets, for
example, will withstand impact as well as the batch tested independently.

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