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Geometric Figure and Measurement - Lesson - 3

- A polygon is a simple closed plane figure formed by three or more line segments joined end to end. The common end points are called vertices. - A convex polygon has interior angles that each measure less than 180 degrees, while a concave polygon has at least one interior angle measuring greater than 180 degrees. - A diagonal of a convex polygon connects two non-consecutive vertices. The number of diagonals increases with the number of sides of the polygon. - A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point, called the center. Chords and diameters pass through the center, while radii connect the center to points on the circumference.

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208 views

Geometric Figure and Measurement - Lesson - 3

- A polygon is a simple closed plane figure formed by three or more line segments joined end to end. The common end points are called vertices. - A convex polygon has interior angles that each measure less than 180 degrees, while a concave polygon has at least one interior angle measuring greater than 180 degrees. - A diagonal of a convex polygon connects two non-consecutive vertices. The number of diagonals increases with the number of sides of the polygon. - A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point, called the center. Chords and diameters pass through the center, while radii connect the center to points on the circumference.

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samson
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geometric figure and measurement

Polygons
Definition: Apolygoan is a simple closed plane figure formed by three or
more line segments joined end to end.
 The line segments forming the polygons are called sides
 The common end point of any two sides is called Vertex (plural vertices)
of the polygon. The vertices of a polygon are the points where two sides
meet.
Convex and concave polygons
Definition: A convex polygon is a simple polygon in which all of its interior
angles measures less than 180⁰ each.
Convex and concave polygons
Definition: A concave polygon is a simple polygon which has at least one
interior angle of measures greater than 180⁰.
Diagonals
Definition: A diagonal of a convex polygon is a line segment whose end
points are non-consecutive vertices of the polygan.
Diagonals
Number of sides of a polygon and respective number of diagonals.
Example
1. How many diagonals are there in a polygon of 40 sides?
2. How many diagonals are there in a polygon of 50 sides?
Classification of polygons
Polygons are classified according to the number of sides they have.
Circles
Definition: A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant
from a fixed point called the center of the circle.

i. a circle is usually named by its center. In the fig. the circle can be named as circle O.
ii. a chord of a circle is a line segment whose end points are on the circle. In Fig. the line
segment AB and PQ are chords of the circle.
iii. a diameter of a circle is any chord that passes through the center, and denoted by ‘d’. It is
the biggest chord of a circle. In Fig. the chord AB is a diameter of the circle.
iv. a radius of a circle is a line segment that has the center as one end point and a point on the
circle as the other end point, and denoted by ‘r’. In Fig. the line segment OA and OB are radii
of the circle, (radii is the plural from of radius).
v. circumference of a circle is the complete path around the circle.
An Arc
Definition: An arc is a part of the circumference.

The part of the circle determined by the line through points D and E is
called an arc of the circle. In Fig. we have arc DCE and arc DZE,
Theorems of Triangles
Note: The angles on a straight line add up to 180⁰.

Example:
Theorems of Triangles
 If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal line, then alternate interior
angles are equal.

 If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal line then, interior angles on
the same sides of the transversal line are supplementary.
Theorems of Triangles
 If two parallel lines are cut by transversal line, then corresponding angles
are equal. In Figure 5.41 to the right if letters a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h
represent the degree measures of the angles, then Theorem 5.3 states
that:
f = c,
b = h,
e = d and
a = g.

 The sum of the degree measures of the interior angles of atriangle is


equal to 180⁰.
Exercise
1.

2. if u°, v° and x° are degree measures of the angles marked, then what is
the value of m(∠u) + m(∠v)?
Exercise
1. Calculate the value of the variables in Figures

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