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10 - Light Reflection and Refraction

The document provides information about light reflection and refraction: - Light travels in straight lines and is reflected or refracted at mirrors and lenses, forming real or virtual images depending on the position of the object. - Reflection and refraction obey specific laws, and spherical mirrors and lenses can be used to form magnified or diminished images based on mathematical formulas relating focal length, object distance, and image distance. - The speed and bending of light changes in different media, which is quantified by the refractive index.

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157 views

10 - Light Reflection and Refraction

The document provides information about light reflection and refraction: - Light travels in straight lines and is reflected or refracted at mirrors and lenses, forming real or virtual images depending on the position of the object. - Reflection and refraction obey specific laws, and spherical mirrors and lenses can be used to form magnified or diminished images based on mathematical formulas relating focal length, object distance, and image distance. - The speed and bending of light changes in different media, which is quantified by the refractive index.

Uploaded by

sam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASS-10

10 – LIGHT REFLECTION AND REFRACTION


➢ Light seems to travel in straight lines.
➢ Mirrors and lenses form images of objects. Images can be either real or virtual,
➢ depending on the position of the object.
➢ The reflecting surfaces, of all types, obey the laws of reflection. The refracting
surfaces obey the laws of refraction.
➢ New Cartesian Sign Conventions are followed for spherical mirrors and lenses.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
➢ Mirror formula, + = gives the relationship between the object-distance
𝒗 𝒖 𝒇
(u), image-distance (v), and focal length (f) of a spherical mirror.
➢ The focal length of a spherical mirror is equal to half its radius of curvature.
➢ The magnification produced by a spherical mirror is the ratio of the height of
the image to the height of the object.
➢ A light ray travelling obliquely from a denser medium to a rarer medium bends
away from the normal. A light ray bends towards the normal when it travels
obliquely from a rarer to a denser medium.
➢ Light travels in vacuum with an enormous speed of 3×108 m s-1. The speed of
light is different in different media.
➢ The refractive index of a transparent medium is the ratio of the speed of light in
vacuum to that in the medium.
➢ In case of a rectangular glass slab, the refraction takes place at both air-glass
interface and glass-air interface. The emergent ray is parallel to the direction of
incident ray.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
➢ Lens formula, − = , gives the relationship between the object-distance (u),
𝒗 𝒖 𝒇
image-distance (v), and the focal length (f) of a spherical lens.
➢ Power of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal length. The SI unit of power of a
lens is dioptre.

➢ Image formation by spherical mirrors

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➢ Image formed by a concave mirror: The nature, position and size of the image
formed by a plane mirror depends on the position of the object in relation to
points P, F and C.

➢ Image formed by a convex mirror: A convex mirror always forms virtual and
diminished image of objects. The image formed by a convex mirror is much

smaller than the object which gives the convex mirror a wider field of view.
➢ When the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, it reflects inside the
denser medium instead of refracting. This phenomenon is known as Total
Internal Reflection.

➢ Image formation in lenses

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CLASS-10

SELF PRACTICE QUESTIONS


PRACTICE QUEATION
MCQ’s

1) In torches, search light and headlights of vehicles the bulb is placed


(a) Between the pole and focus of the reflector
(b) Very near to the focus of the reflector
(c) Between the focus and centre of curvature of the reflector
(d) At the centre of curvature of the reflector

2) A thin layer of water is transparent but a very thick layer of water is:
(a) translucent
(b) opaque
(c) most transparent
(d) none of these

3) If an object is placed 10 cm infront of a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm,


the image will be
(a) Diminished, upright, virtual
(b) Enlarged, upright, virtual
(c) Diminished, inverted, real
(d) Enlarged, upright, real

4) The ratio of the refractive index of red light to blue light in air is-
(a) Less than unity
(b) Equal to unity
(c) Greater than unity
(d) Less as well as greater than unity depending upon the experimental
arrangement

5) An object is immersed in a fluid. In order that the object becomes invisible, it


should (a) Behave as a perfect reflector
(b) Absorb all light falling on it
(c) Have refractive index one
(d) Have refractive index exactly matching with that of the surrounding fluid

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VSA

1) State the laws of reflection.


2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a convex mirror for seeing
traffic at the rear?
3) Define the terms:
a. Angle of incidence
b. Angle of reflection
c. Plane of incidence

4) (a) What happens to a ray of fight when it travels from one medium to another
having equal refractive indices?
(b) State the cause of refraction of light.
5) With the help of ray diagram show that angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
reflection when a ray is incident on the concave/convex mirror.

SA

1. (a) A ray of light falls normally on a face of a glass slab. What are the values of angle
of incidence and angle of refraction of this ray?
(b) Light enters from air to a medium X. Its speed in medium X becomes 1.5 x 108 ms-
1
- . Find the refractive index of medium X.
2. State the laws of refraction of light. Explain the term ‘absolute refractive index of a
medium’ and write an expression to relate it with the speed of light in vacuum.
3. An object of height 5 cm is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a concave
lens of focal length 10 cm. If the distance of the object from the optical centre of the
lens is 20 cm, determine the position, nature and size of the image formed using the lens
formula.
4
.
LA

1) Draw a labelled ray diagram to locate the image of an object formed by a convex
lens of focal length 20 cm when the object is placed 30 cm away from the lens.
2) An object 4 cm high is placed at a distance of 27 cm in front of a convex lens of
focal
3) length 18 cm. Find the position, nature and size of the image formed.

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CBQ’s

Q1.) Shashank went to the optician to get his eyes checked. He observed that the
doctor combined two lenses and put these in front of his eyes so that he could see
clearly. The powers of the two lenses used in the combination were -3 D and 4 D.

1. What type of lens will the combination of lenses be?

A. diverging lens
B. converging lens
C. both converging and diverging since both types of lenses are used
D. either converging or diverging depending on the defect in Shashank's eyes

2. Which of these will be the focal length of the combination of lenses Shashank has
to wear?

A. -14 cm
B. +25 cm
C. -33 cm
D. +100 cm

3. Which of the following does the negative sign in the power -3 D signify?

A. The focus is on the same side of the lens as the object.


B. The focus is on the opposite side of the lens as the object.
C. The principal focus is situated outside the principal axis.
D. The focal length on one side of the lens is smaller than that on the other.

4. Which of the two lenses can form a real image?

A. only the lens with power -3 D


B. only the lens with power 4 D
C. both the lenses
D. neither of the lenses

❑❑❑

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