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Che 307 Lec4

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1) The rate expression for a first order reaction is: -rA = k[A] 2) Integrating both sides gives: ln[A] = -kt + C 3) Plug in the initial conditions: ln[0.5] = -6*10-3t + C C = ln[0.5] 4) Plug in the final concentration and solve for t: ln[0.2] = -6*10-3t + ln[0.5] t = 10 minutes Therefore, the time for the concentration to fall to 0.2 mol is 10 minutes

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50 views10 pages

Che 307 Lec4

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1) The rate expression for a first order reaction is: -rA = k[A] 2) Integrating both sides gives: ln[A] = -kt + C 3) Plug in the initial conditions: ln[0.5] = -6*10-3t + C C = ln[0.5] 4) Plug in the final concentration and solve for t: ln[0.2] = -6*10-3t + ln[0.5] t = 10 minutes Therefore, the time for the concentration to fall to 0.2 mol is 10 minutes

Uploaded by

Zabo Trew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHE 307 CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING I

Prof. Dr. Selahattin Gültekin

Head of Department of Chemical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences


Üsküdar University
Fall Term 2022-23
THE FACTS ABOUT REACTIONS
 Mass before and after the reaction is the same (Conservation
of mass=no change of mass due to reaction)

 Upon reactions, a new structure is formed.

 Rate of Reaction (-rA) indicates how fast or how slow a


reaction is.

 Kinetics and Thermodynamics help us for the proper design of


a reactor.
RATE OF REACTION
RATE OF REACTIONS
 Kinetics and thermodynamics help us in the design of proper reactor.

 Chemical species are transformed into any other chemical species during
chemical reactions.

 This is called disappearance of chemical species or formation of new species.

 Definition of the rate of reaction for homogeneous systems:

𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑨 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅
 −𝒓𝑨 =
(𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆)(𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆)

 Any system of units can be used. (SI or American Engineering System, AES)
RATE OF REACTIONS

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐴
 −𝑟𝐴 =
𝑚3 ∗𝑠
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐴
 =
𝐿∗𝑠

𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐴
 =
(𝑓𝑡 3 )(ℎ)

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐴
 = , etc.
(𝐿)(𝑚𝑖𝑛)
RATE OF REACTIONS
 Consider

 AB

reaction, where bonds breaking and bonds reformations are again taking place.

In the rate expression above by volume, we mean the volume of the reacting mixture

Figure. 1.10 The meaning of the reactor volume

𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝑨 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅
−𝒓𝑨 = (𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒊𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆)(𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆)
RATE OF REACTIONS
Reaction rates can be based on reactants or products. For example, for the reaction

A + 2B  C + D

In heterogeneous catalytic reactions, it is convenient to express the rate as follows:

′
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝑨 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 ′
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝑨 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅
−𝒓𝑨 = , 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞, −𝒓𝑨 =
(𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒂𝒕. )(𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆) (𝒈. 𝒄𝒂𝒕. )(𝒔)
THE FACTS ABOUT REACTION RATE
 Reaction rate expression does not depend on the type of reactor,

 It is an intensive property and will be the same whether the reactor is big, small, medium, batch,
continuous, semi-batch, etc.

 −𝒓𝑨 depends on

 Type of species reacting

 Reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, solvent, etc.)

 Type of catalyst (if any)

 Species concentration

 Spatial coordinates
EXERCISE 1.1 REACTION TIME FOR A BATCH REACTOR

 Butadiene (C4H6) reacts with itself to form a dimer with a formula C8H12.
The reaction is second order in C4H6. The rate constant at a particular
temperature is 5*10-1 m-1s-1, and the initial concentration of C4H6 is 0.04 M.
What is the time in hours when the C4H6 concentration drops to a value of
0.02 M?
EXERCISE 1.2 REACTION TIME FOR A BATCH REACTOR.

 The reaction C2H6  2CH3 is first order with a rate constant of


6*10-3 s-1 at 1000 K. How long will it take in minutes for the initial
concentration of 0.5 mol of C2H6 gas in a 1 L reactor to fall to 0.2
mol?

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