Scribd
Upload
32 views

Environmental Science Lesson 2

The document provides an overview of environmental science, discussing the components that make up Earth's structure and systems. It describes the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. It then explains different types of energy, including kinetic, potential, chemical, and radiant energy. Laws of thermodynamics are covered, along with concepts like matter, autotrophs and heterotrophs, food chains, and food webs. Energy and nutrient flow through ecosystems is also summarized.

Uploaded by

Paolo jay Loristo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

Environmental Science Lesson 2

The document provides an overview of environmental science, discussing the components that make up Earth's structure and systems. It describes the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. It then explains different types of energy, including kinetic, potential, chemical, and radiant energy. Laws of thermodynamics are covered, along with concepts like matter, autotrophs and heterotrophs, food chains, and food webs. Energy and nutrient flow through ecosystems is also summarized.

Uploaded by

Paolo jay Loristo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – INTRODUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCE

Environmental Science - is the study of the interaction of humans with the


natural environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – MATTER, ENERGY, AND LIFE
The Earth is made up of numerous pieces that interact with one another to form an
interconnected system. Though Even if each of these components is distinct and quite
different from the others, they are nonetheless connected.

The Lithosphere, also called geosphere, is composed of all the planet's rock, soil, and
minerals. It also includes not only the solid part, but also the molten rock in the Earth's
interior

Crust - describes the outermost shell of a terrestrial planet. It’s a solid rock layer divided
into two types:
Continental crust covers the land and,
Oceanic crust covers water
Mantle - The mantle is the mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior. The mantle lies between
Earth's dense, super-heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust.
Outer Core – It is composed of metals such as iron and nickel. The outer core
surrounds the inner core.

2
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – MATTER, ENERGY, AND LIFE
The inner core has pressures and temperatures so high that the metals are squeezed
together and not able to move like a liquid but are forced to vibrate instead of solid.
Inner Core - It is the centre and the hottest layer of the Earth. The inner core is solid and
made up of iron and nickel with temperatures up to 5,500oC

Hydrosphere - The hydrosphere contains all of Earth's water in all of its phases - solid,
liquid, and gaseous. Thus, it is composed of Earth's saltwater, freshwater, glaciers, the
permafrost, and the moisture in the atmosphere. Water is essential to all living
organisms.

Atmosphere - The layer of gases that surround Earth is what makes up the atmosphere.
One of the major functions of the atmosphere is to absorb solar radiation that is harmful
to living organisms and reflect it back to outer space. It also contains several gases that
are essential to life like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

3
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – MATTER, ENERGY, AND LIFE

Exosphere – The exosphere is the outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere


Thermosphere – The thermosphere is a layer of Earth’s atmosphere. The thermosphere
is located above the mesosphere and below the exosphere.
Mesosphere – The mesosphere is a layer of Earth’s atmosphere. The mesosphere is
located above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere.
Stratosphere - The stratosphere is a layer of Earth’s atmosphere. The stratosphere is
located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere.
Troposphere - The troposphere is the innermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere.
Biosphere - The biosphere harbors all the living things in the planet. This sphere is very
much dependent on all the other three systems. Organisms need the gases from the
atmosphere, the water from the hydrosphere, and the nutrients and minerals from the
lithosphere.

4
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – MATTER, ENERGY, AND LIFE
 Matter and Energy in Ecosystems

Energy – Energy is what makes matter moves or change

 Kinetic Energy – Energy of motion

Energy comes from movement


• Mechanical Energy – Energy due to motion of object
• Electrical Energy – Energy flow from electrical charge
• Thermal Energy – or heat energy, is vibration or movement of particles
• Radiant Energy – or light energy, is electromagnetic energy that travels in
transverse waves
• Sound Energy – vibration transferred through an object to wave to produced
sound

 Potential Energy – Stored energy

Energy is stored for later use


• Chemical Energy – Energy stored in bond of atoms and molecules
• Nuclear Energy – Energy stored in atoms nuclei
• Gravitational Energy – Energy stored in object height
• Elastic Energy – Energy stored in elastic object
LAW OF CONVERSATION OF MATTER

 Matter is neither created nor destroyed. It is only transformed from one form to
another.

5
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – MATTER, ENERGY, AND LIFE
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS - Energy is neither created nor destroyed. It is
only converted from one form to another.
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS - In a system that undergoes successive
energy transfer or transformation, some usable energy is lost in every step.
The second law of thermodynamics states that as energy is transferred or transformed,
more and more of it is wasted.

THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS - The third law of thermodynamics states that the
entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches
absolute zero.

ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEM

Autotroph - An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light,
water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals
Heterotroph - A heterotroph is an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy
and nutrients.

6
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – MATTER, ENERGY, AND LIFE
Photoautotroph - a photosynthetic organism (such as a green plant or a
cyanobacterium) that utilizes energy from light to synthesize organic molecules
Chemoautotroph - Chemoautotrophs are organisms that obtain their energy from a
chemical reaction (chemotrophs) but their source of carbon is the most oxidized form of
carbon, carbon dioxide (CO2).
Food Chain - A food chain describes how energy and nutrients move through an
ecosystem.

7
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – MATTER, ENERGY, AND LIFE
Food Web - A food web consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem. Each
living thing in an ecosystem is part of multiple food chains.

You might also like