LESSON PLAN ON BLOOD DONATION

Name of students – Group A (Roll no 1-11)

Topic – Blood Donation

Group – People aged ( 18-45 years )

Duration - 30 minutes

Venue – Gulab Devi Hospital, Jalandhar,Punjab

Method of teaching – Lecture cum discussion

A V Aids – Charts, pamphlets, flashcards

GENERAL OBJECTIVES : At the end of teaching the group will be able to

understand blood donation and gain adequate knowledge and develop a positive
attitude and skills towards blood donation.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the teaching the group will be able to :
 Define blood donation
 Enumerate prevalence of blood donation
 To enumerate screening of blood donation
 Discuss the forms of blood donation
 Discuss the types of blood groups
 To discuss recovery and time between donations
 State facts
 State complications
 State benefits of blood donation
SPECIFIC CONTENT TIME TEACHING AV Aids EVALUATION
OBJECTIVES METHOD
1. To INTRODUCTION: A 2 min Lecture- Verbally Introduce the
introduce Blood donation cum- group to the
occurs when a person discussion topic.
the topic to
has voluntarily drawn
group. blood and used for
transfusion and made
into
biopharmaceutical
medications by a
process called
fractionation .
(separation of blood
components)
Donation maybe of
whole blood or of a
specific components
directly.
1 min Lecture- Verbally What is
2.To In India the number cum- prevalence rate
enumerate of blood donors discussion of blood
prevalance increased from 54.4% donation ?
of blood in 2006-2007 to
donation 83.1% in 2011-2012
to 12.7 million units
in 2020, lower than
projected due to the
COVID-19 pandemic.
The regulatory
framework for blood
donation and blood
bank management
rest with Central
Drugs Standard
Control
Organisation ,while
technical bodies like
National Transfusion
3.To discuss TYPES OF BLOOD 4 min Lecture- Chart What are the
the types of DONATION: cum- different blood
Normal hemoglobin discussion types?
blood
level in male is 16-18
donation mg/dl and in female
is 14-16 mg/dl.
There are 4 ways to
donate blood:
plasma, platelets, red
cells, and whole
blood.
Blood cells are
formed in bone
marrow.
There are certain
qualification to give
plasma and platelets
compared to red cells
and whole blood.
1. WHOLE BLOOD:
It is most common
and traditional
method. A pint of
blood is drawn that
contains red and
white cells, platelets,
and plasma.
Shelf life is 21-35
days. You can donate
every 56 days.
REQUIREMENTS:
 At least 110
lbs
 Must be 16 or
17 + yrs old.
 Always eat
and drink
before
donating.
 Donation
process takes
45 mins.
2.PLATELETS:
Platelets are small cell
fragments in blood
that helps to stop
bleeding. Its shelf life
is 5 days. You can
donate every 7 days.
REQUIREMENT:
 Females must
be tested for
HLA if they
have ever been
pregnant
 Must be 17+
yrs old
 Platelet count
must be
150,000-
450,000 mm3
depending on
blood volume
 Process takes 2
hrs
3.PLASMA
Plasma is liquid
portion of blood that
transports water and
nutrients to body
tissues. Donations can
last upto 1 year. You
can donate every 28
days .Normal level of
plasma in an individual
is 100-150 ml.
REQUIREMENTS
 Females must
be tested for
HLA
 Must be 17+
years old
 Donation
process takes
1.5 hrs.
 4.RED CELLS
Double red cells
donation is when only
red cells are collected,
not the other blood
components .You can
donate every 112 days.
The decrease in RBCs is
anemia and increase in
RBCs is erythrocytosis.
REQUIREMENTS
 Must be 17+
yrs old
 Hemoglobin
must be 13.3
g/dl
 Donation
process takes
1.5 hrs

4.To enlist the TYPES OF BLOOD : 2 Lecture- Verbally Enlist the

types of blood There are 4 blood min cum- blood types
groups in total. The discussion
most commonest
among them is O+. The
universal donor is O-
and the universal
recipient is AB+.
BLOOD TYPE AND
PERCENTAGE OF
POPULATION :
O+VE : 37%
O-VE : 6%
A+VE : 34%
A-VE : 6%
B+VE : 10%
B-VE : 2%
AB+VE : 4%
AB-VE : 1%

5. To SCREENING : 5 Lecture- Verbally

enumerate Donors are typically min cum-
required to give discussion
screening of
consent for the
blood process and this
donation requirement means
that minors cannot
donate without
permission from a
parent or guardian. In
some countries,
answers are associated
with the donor's
blood, but not name,
to provide anonymity;
in others, such as the
United States, names
are kept to create lists
of ineligible donors. If
a potential donor does
not meet these
criteria, they are
deferred. This term is
used because many
donors who are
ineligible may be
allowed to donate
later. An individual
should have required
amount of blood for
blood donation . Blood
pressure should be
measured before
withdrawing the blood
which should be
120/80 mmHg .
Average weight of an
individual donating
blood is 55 kg. A pint
of blood is usually
donated during blood
donation that is 500
ml. the fresh hold
blood transfusion
should be done within
1 hour after its
collection. Blood
banks in the United
 States may be required
to label the blood if it
is from a therapeutic
donor, so some do not
accept donations from
donors with any blood
disease. Others, such
as the Australian Red
Cross Blood Service,
accept blood from
donors with
hemochromatosis. It is
a genetic disorder that
does not affect the
safety of the blood.
The donor's race or
ethnic background is
sometimes important
since certain blood
types, especially rare
ones, are more
common in certain
ethnic groups.
Historically, donors
were segregated or
excluded on race,
religion, or ethnicity,
but this is no longer a
standard practice.
5. To discuss Recipient safety: 3 Lecture- Verbally
the recipient Donors are screened min cum-
for health risks that discussion
safety and
might make the
donor safety donation unsafe for
the recipient. Some of
these restrictions are
controversial, such as
restricting donations
from men who have
sex with men for HIV
risk. Autologous
donors are not always
screened for recipient
safety problems since
the donor is the only
person who will
receive the blood.
Donors are also asked
about medications
such as
dutasteridesince they
can be dangerous to a
pregnant woman
receiving the blood

Donor safety :
The donor is also
examined and asked
specific questions
about their medical
history to make sure
that donating blood is
not hazardous to their
health. The donor's
hematocrit or
hemoglobin level is
tested to make sure
that the loss of blood
will not make them
anemic, and this check
is the most common
reason that a donor
eligible.
6.To discuss COMPATIBILITY: 2 Lecture- Verbally Tell about the
compatibility Everyone can donate min cum- compatibility
blood but what type of discussion for different
of blood
blood you receive blood groups
groups depends upon your
blood group.
BLOOD GROUPS THAT
CAN DONATE BLOOD
TO:
O+VE :
O+VE ,A+VE ,B+VE ,AB
+VE
O-VE:
EVERYONE
A+VE:
A+VE,AB+VE
A-VE:
A+VE ,A-
VE ,AB+VE ,AB-VE
B+VE:
B+VE ,AB+VE
B-VE:
B+VE ,B-
VE ,AB+VE ,AB-VE
AB+VE:
AB+VE
AB-VE:
AB+VE , AB-VE
7.To enlist the SITE PREPARATION AND 4 Lecture- Pamphlet
DRAWING BLOOD: cum-
site of min s
The blood is drawn discussion
drawing blood from a large arm vein
close to the skin,
usually the median
cubital vein on the
inside of the elbow.
The skin over the
blood vessel is cleaned
with an antiseptic such
as iodine or
chlorhexidine to
prevent skin bacteria
from contaminating
the collected blood
and also to prevent
infections where the
needle pierced the
donor's skin. A large
needle (16 to 17
gauge) is used to
minimize shearing
forces that may
physically damage red
blood cells as they flow
through the needle. A
tourniquet is
sometimes wrapped
around the upper arm
to increase the
pressure of the blood
in the arm veins and
speed up the process.
The donor may also be
prompted to hold an
object and squeeze it
repeatedly to increase
the blood flow through
the vein.A blood bag
contains 500 ml of
blood.
Anticoagulant is a
chemical which
 prevent bleeding and
helps in stopping
bleeding and allows
the blood to clot.
Anticoagulant used in
aphresis of blood
collection is citrate.
8.To describe RECOVERY AND TIME 3 Lecture- Pamphlet
BETWEEN DONATIONS: cum-
the recovery min s
Donors are usually discussion
and time kept at the donation
between site for 10-15 minutes
donations after donating since
most adverse reactions
take place during or
immediately after the
donation. Blood
centers typically
provide light
refreshments or a
lunch allowance to
help the donor
recover. A person
should drink plenty of
water , intake iron rich
food and food rich in
vitamin C after
donating blood. The
needle site is covered
with a bandage and
the donor is directed
to keep the bandage
on for several hour.
An individual can
donate blood after 2
months.
9. To discuss 1. Donating blood 4 Lecture- Verbally What are the
myths about makes you min cum- myths about
weak: The discussion blood
the blood
thread of truth donation?
donation arises from that
the fact that it
takes a day or
two to
replenish the
fluid volume in
body and 3
months for
regeneration of
red cells.
2. One is advised
to take
complete rest
for a day after
donating
blood: False,
one can
resume his/her
routine after
donating blood
but take care of
drinking water
and avoiding
sun exposures.
3. Blood donation
is a painful
procedure:
False, one can
only feel a
slight punching
sensation when
needle pricks in
arm.

4. Donating blood
frequently
makes a
 person weak:
False , a
healthy person
can donate
blood 4 times a
year with a
minimum of 3
months gap
between each
blood
donation.
10. TO DISCUSS -Just 1 blood donation 2 Lecture- Verbally what are the
FACTS RELATED can save 3 lives min cum- facts related to
TO BLOOD -Average red blood discussion blood
DONATION cells transfusion is 3 donation?
pints.
-Vitamin K is an
essential clotting
factor.
-There is rise in 1 gm
of Hb after one unit
blood transfusion.
Spinach intake
i.mproves Hb level
-More than 1 million
people every year get
diagnosed with cancer
and needs blood daily
sometimes during
chemotherapy
-More than 38,000
blood donations are
needed everyday.
-Type O- has low
supply.
-AB plasma can be
donated to everyone
but limited in supplies.
11.TO DISCUSS Vasovagal reactions 2 Lecture- Flashcards what are the
COMPLICATION constitute the majority min cum- complications
S OF BLOOD of complications discussion of blood
DONATION associated with blood donation?
donations. There is rise
in body temperature
of donor.There may
manifest with mild
symptoms like
weakness ,nausea ,swe
ating ,etc.
Bruising three days
after donation
Hypovolemic reactions
can occur because of a
rapid change in blood
pressure. Fainting is
generally the worst
problem encountered.
The process has similar
risks to other forms of
phlebotomy. STDs are
transmitted . Bruising
of the arm from the
needle insertion is the
most common
concern. One study
found that less than
1% of donors had this
problem. A number of
less common
complications of blood
donation are known to
occur. These include
arterial puncture,
delayed bleeding,
nerve irritation, nerve
injury, tendon injury,
thrombophlebitis, and
allergic reactions.
12.TO EXPLAIN  Beneficial for 2 Lecture- Charts What are the
BENEFITS OF human heart. min cum- benefits of
BLOOD  Reduces cancer discussion blood
DONATION risk. donation?
 Boost
production of
RBCs.
 Lowering
cholesterol
level.
 Helps in weight
loss.
 Facilitates
production of
RBCs.
 Aids in fighting
hemochromdos
is.
 Replenishes the
blood
 Makes donors
psychologically
rejuvenated.