CHAPTER 8

MUSIC
(Week 8)

MY JOURNEY

Music, art concerned with combining vocal or instrumental sounds for beauty of
form or emotional expression, usually according to cultural standards of rhythm, melody,
and, in most Western music, harmony. Both the simple folk song and the
complex electronic composition belong to the same activity, music. Both are humanly
engineered; both are conceptual and auditory, and these factors have been present in
music of all styles and in all periods of history, throughout the world.

MY EXPECTATIONS

At the end of the Chapter, the students should be able to:

1. recognize the origin and importance of Music;

2. appreciate the role of music in our lives;
3. discuss the essentials in song writing;
4. demonstrate understanding of the different music genres;
5. demonstrate understanding of the classification of musical instruments; and
6. display an ability to do song composition.

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 7.
8.
9. MY INITIAL TASKS
10.

As a preliminary activity for the topic, please reflect on the following questions:

1. Among the international, national and local

singers, whose style do you like most? Why?
2. As an artist, what instrument/s do you consider
as the best to be in a musical concert? Why?
3. Explain this saying: “Music is the harmonious
voice of creation; an echo of the invisible
world.”

Input

MY READINGS

The Origin and Importance of Music

he word “music” is from the Greek word mousike, which means “Art of the

T Muses.” It is the art of arranging tones in an orderly way to produce a unified

and continuous composition. The common elements of music are pitch (which
governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo,
meter, and articulation) dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture.
To many people of different cultures, music is an integral part of their way of life. It is
an art that puts sounds together in a way that people like. Most music includes people
singing with their voices or playing a musical instrument, such as drums, piano, guitar,
and others.
When music is written on a staff, the pitches (tones) and their duration are
represented by symbols known as notes. These symbols are put on the lines and in the
spaces between the lines. Each position says which tone must be played. The higher the

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note is in the staff, the higher the pitch
of the tone. The lower the notes are,
the lower the pitch of the tone.
Music can also be written, naming
them as in the solfa “Do, Re, Mi, Fa,
Sol, La, Si/Ti, Do.” The next table
shows how each note is represented in
the Standard Notation or chords. This
notation was made to make the lecture
on music notes simple and easy to
read.

What is the Role of Music in Our Lives?

Art and music are fundamental human functions and essential parts of human life.
Without music, our life is a lost, unsure, and probably incapable of venting our emotions
(Galindo, 2003). Based on studies, music can be a right way of helping our imagination
goes to new heights. It touches our soul and enables us to express different moods and
emotions. It inspires people and allows us to get in touch with our feelings in a way that
is unique. It allows our body and mind to make a break from the monotony of life.
Likewise, music can kindle the mind. It can inspire ordinary human feelings and bridges
gaps between cultures. It touches our emotional being and shows emotions that are
sometimes difficult to articulate. It can be our day happy or excited.
The Elements of Music

Music is highly useful art that originates in nature and has been taken up by humanity
as a way of expression. It has the power to influence emotional and psychological aspects
of behavior. It has major elements, namely:
1. Harmony (From the Greek harmonia, meaning “joint or agreement”) - It refers to
the verticalization of pitch. It is often thought as the art of combining pitches into
chords. These chords are usually arranged into sentence-like patterns called
chord progressions.
2. Key- It is known as tonality, a principle in music composition wherein at the end
of the piece there is a feeling of completion by going back to the tonic.
3. Melody (From a Greek meloidia, which means “singing” or “chanting”)- It refers to
the tune of a song or piece of music.
4. Pitch- It refers to the perceptual property that allows the ordering of sounds on a
frequency-related scale either relative lowness or highness.
5. Rhythm- It comes from a Greek word rhythmos, which means “any regular
recurring motion.” It is the pattern of the sound in time and beats in music.
6. Tempo- It regards to the speed (slow or fast) of a given piece of music.

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 7. Texture- It refers to how the harmonic materials are combined in a composition.
It could be monophonic (single melodic line), polyphonic (two or more melodic
lines) and homophonic (the main melody accompanied by chords).
8. Timbre- It refers to the quality of the sound (tone) that distinguishes one voice or
instrument from another.

The Essentials in Song writing

The song is a composition for a voice or voices, performed by singing. Musical

instruments may accompany a song, or it may be unaccompanied, as in the case of the
cappella songs. It may be for a solo singer, a duet, trio, or larger ensemble involving more
voices. Songs with more than one voice to a part are considered choral works. Most song
writing techniques are about what you should do to succeed. Below are the common
essentials in song writing (Kamien, 1997).
Arrangement. Arrangement in music is considered as a reconceptualization of a
previously composed work. It includes the order in which the sections of music are placed
(such as, intro-verse-chorus-verse-chorus), and the organization of the instrumentation,
vocals or other parts of music that make up the song.
Beat and Rhythm. The beat is the speed (tempo) of the song that drives the listener
to feel either fast or slow. On the other hand, the rhythm is the beat that the various
instruments such as bass, drum, and guitar have produced.
Chords (chord progression). It refers to any harmonic set of pitches used to
accompany the melody of the song. It is formed when multiple pitches (notes on a musical
instrument) are placed together on staff (a sheet of music). It comes in different varieties,
which includes the augmented chords, major chords, minor chords, diminished chords,
seventh chords, and Neapolitan chords.
Concept (story). All songs have a storyline or concept. Typically, the song title will
convey the essence of that story idea and the words (lyric) will expound upon that idea.
Genre and Style. The genre of the song such as pop, rock, or country is established
by the beat and rhythm of the song. The quality of the song branches out from the genre,
such as alternative, hip-hop, punk rock, or alternative type of music.
Length. The length of a song is always considered, depending on its use. They can
be shorter or longer, but this is the typical length of today’s musical arrangement.
Lyrics. This term comes from the Greek word lyrikos, which means “singing to the
lyre.” It describes a concept of a theme which rhymes in the sections of music.
Melody. Melody is the harmony of the song that you play or sing. It is the main line
of music you’re making and the basis of the song.
Song Sections. Songs are divided up into sections or components such as intro,
verse, chorus, bridge, lead breaks, etc.

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The Different Music Genres
Being involved in a musical event with music-minded people who enjoy the same
sort of songs and sounds can be a good experience. Genres can sometimes be a good-
natured way to work with other people and to introduce new fans to the music you are
producing.
Music is a form of art and an organized sound. It voices our emotions harmoniously
and pleasantly. Different genres of music help in soothing one’s disturbed soul in the
growth of concentration and cheer us to live our life joyfully. Some types of music are as
follows:
Classical Music. Classical music is a sophisticated form of composition as it requires
skills like learning the ability to coordinate with others musicians.
Folk Music. This type of music reflects the emotions of common people. Cultural and
popular music are the two sub-genres of folk music.
Funk.This music became known in the late 1960s. Funk made rhythm the most
important element while de-emphasizing melody.
Hip-hop Music. Hip-hop music always includes the use of an instrument such as
bass, drums, guitar, piano, violin, and fiddle. In this type of music, the bass is the main
instrument. This can be used in different intensities to emote feelings of anger or pride.
Jazz. Complex and strong beats feature this type of music. The main instruments
used for this type of music are a cornet, trumpet, or violin.
Meta Music. This is a type of music wherein the melody is influenced by the structure
of the songs (known as “information music”).
Opera Music. This genre has a fantastic combination of theatrical art and musical
invention and is played explicitly in big audiences.
Rock Music. This music genre requires the vocals to be accompanied by bass,
drums, and guitar. Sometimes, piano, synthesizer, saxophone, flute, mandolin, and sitar
are also in this genre for a more profound impact. This type of music has several sub-
genres, such as hard rock, metal rock, and progressive rock.
Techno Music. This genre is also known as fusion type of music. This is a form of
electronic dance-music based on African-American music styles like electro jazz and
funk.

Trance Music. This type of music is usually performed in clubhouses. This is

characterized by fast tempo and repetitious beats.

Classification of Musical Instruments

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 A Musical instrument is a tool adapted or created in making musical sounds. It was
primarily designed to emulate natural sounds for ritual purposes. Their vocal range often
classifies it in comparison with other instruments such as the following:

a. Alto Instruments
1. Alto Saxophone- It is a member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments
invented in 1841 by Adolphe Sax, a Belgian instrument designer. It is a type of device
mostly used in classical compositions.
2. French Horn- It is a brass instrument made about 12-13 feet of tubing wrapped into
a coil with a flared bell.
3. English Horn (also known as coranglais) - It is a double-reed woodwind instrument
in the oboe family.
4. Viola- It is the middle voice of the violin family and between the violin and the cello.
It is a bowed string instrument.
b. Bass Instruments
1. Double Bass- It is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the
modern symphony orchestra.
2. Bass Guitar- It is a stringed instrument with a longer neck and scale length, with four
to eight strings. It is played mainly with the fingers or thumb, by picking, plucking,
slapping, popping, tapping, or thumping.
3. Bass Saxophone-It is one of the largest members of the saxophone family of low
range, usually supported on a stand while being played.
4. Tuba- It is the largest and deep-pitched brass instrument. The Sound is produced
by vibrating the lips into a sizeable cup-shaped mouthpiece.
c. Baritone Instruments
1. Bassoon- It is, a woodwind instrument in the double reed family. It is played by
pressing the reed between the lips and blow to sound the instrument.
2. Baritone Saxophone- It is one of largest members of the saxophone family and is
the lowest-pitched saxophone.
3. Bass Clarinet- It is regularly performed in symphony orchestras, wind ensembles,
occasionally in marching bands, and plays an occasional solo role in contemporary
music.
4. Cello (viooncello)- It is a bowed, and sometimes plucked string instrument. It has a
hollow wooden body with two sound holes, and four strings were running along the
body and neck.

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 5. Baritone Horn-It is a wind instrument that consists of a brass tube (usually of variable
length) that is blown using a cup-shaped or pipe-shaped mouthpiece.
d. Soprano Instruments
1. Flute- It is a wind instrument that produces sound through the flow of air from the
hole that has an elaborate set of keys.
2. Violin- It is a small string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.
3. Soprano Saxophone- It is a woodwind instrument used as a solo and chamber
instrument in classical music or a concert band or orchestra.
4. Trumpet- It is the musical instrument which is usually played by blowing air through
closed lips in producing a buzzing sound.
5. Clarinet- It is a type of woodwind instrument that has a straight cylindrical tube with
a flaring bell and a single-reed mouthpiece.
6. Oboe- It is a woodwind instrument with a double-reed mouthpiece, a slender tubular
body, and holes stopped by keys.
7. Piccolo- It is the high-pitched woodwind instrument used in orchestras and military
bands
e. Tenor Instruments
1. Trombone- It is a musical instrument in which the sound is produced when the
player’s vibrating lips trigger the air column inside the device to vibrate.
2. Tenor Saxophone- It is a medium-sized woodwind instrument that is very prominent
in jazz groups and is one of the essential voices of a concert or marching band.
3. Guitar- It is a stringed musical instrument with a fretted fingerboard, typically
incurved sides, and have six or twelve strings, played by plucking or strumming.

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 MY DISCOVERY TASKS

Essay:

1. What is the importance of Music in our lives? Explain.

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2. What Original Pinoy Music (OPM) do you like most? Why?

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3. What Original Foreign Music (OFM) do you like most? Why?

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4. As a musician, what musical instrument/s should you like to play? Why?

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5. If you will be given the opportunity to join a song contest, what theme (focus) of the
song would you like to develop? Why?
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Matching type: Match Column A to Colum B. Write the letter of the correct answer on
the box provided before each item.

Column A Column B

1. This music is categorized by fast tempo and a. Lyrics

repetitious beats of the percussion.

2. It is a device created to make musical sounds. b. Music

3. It describes a concept or a theme which rhyme in c. Notes

rhythmic phrases in the sections of music.

4. It is known as the smallest, highest-pitched d. Chords

member of the family of string instruments.

5. It is the art of arranging tones in an orderly e. Trance

sequence to produce a unified and continuous
composition.

6. It refers to the relative lowness or highness that we f. Tuba

hear in a sound.

7. It is formed when multiple pitches are placed g. Pitch

together on a staff.

8. It is known as the largest and lowest-pitched brass h. Violin

instrument.

9. It refers to the symbols of pitches and their duration i. Tempo

which written on a staff.

10. It relates to the speed of a given piece of music. j. Musical Instrument

MY TREASURE

Directions: Reflect on the quote below. Write it on the space provided for you.

“Music has a power of forming the character and should

therefore be introduced into the education of the young.”
Aristotle

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Flexible Learning Task No. 8

SONG ANALYSIS

Directions: Think of a song that you like the most. Analyze the song by answering the following
questions:
a. What is the title of song?
b. What music genre the song belongs?
c. What is the message implied by the song?
d. Analyze the song vis-à-vis the elements of Music.

MY SUPPLEMENTS

Gildow, C. (2012). Art Appreciation. Retrieved last August 18, 2020 from
https://learn.canvas.net/courses/24

SBCTC & Lumen Learning. (n.d.) Art Appreciation. Retrieved last August 18, 2020 from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/masteryart1/

Art Class Curator. (2020). Art Appreciation. Retrieved last August 21, 2020 from
https://artclasscurator.com/principles-of-design-
examples/#:~:text=The%20principles%20of%20design%20are,a%20wide%
20range%20of%20effects.

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