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Notes - Power Transmission Planning

Power transmission system planning involves forecasting electricity demand, identifying generation sources, designing the transmission system, obtaining permits, constructing infrastructure, and operating and maintaining the system to efficiently transmit power from generators to end users. Key studies to establish substation design criteria include load flow, short circuit, transient stability, and transient overvoltage analyses to determine equipment ratings and ensure reliable power delivery.

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Kashaf Shahid
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130 views

Notes - Power Transmission Planning

Power transmission system planning involves forecasting electricity demand, identifying generation sources, designing the transmission system, obtaining permits, constructing infrastructure, and operating and maintaining the system to efficiently transmit power from generators to end users. Key studies to establish substation design criteria include load flow, short circuit, transient stability, and transient overvoltage analyses to determine equipment ratings and ensure reliable power delivery.

Uploaded by

Kashaf Shahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question: What is Power transmission System Planning?

Power transmission system planning is the process of designing and implementing a plan for the
construction, maintenance, and operation of a power transmission system. This involves considering
various factors such as the demand for electricity in a given region, the availability of power
generation sources, the costs and feasibility of building transmission lines and other infrastructure,
and the potential environmental impacts of the system. The goal of power transmission system
planning is to ensure that electricity is transmitted efficiently and reliably from power generation
facilities to the end users.

Question: Discuss the several key steps that involves in the designing and implementing of a plan
for the transmission of electricity from generation facilities to end users.

Power transmission system planning involves designing and implementing a plan for the
transmission of electricity from power generation facilities to end users. This process involves
several key steps:

Forecasting electricity demand: The first step in power transmission system planning is to forecast
the future demand for electricity in a given region. This helps to determine the amount of power
that needs to be transmitted and the infrastructure required to do so.

Identifying power generation sources: Once the demand for electricity has been forecasted, the
next step is to identify the power generation sources that will be used to meet that demand. This
may include a combination of traditional sources such as coal, natural gas, and nuclear, as well as
renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric.

Designing the transmission system: The next step is to design the transmission system, including the
transmission lines, substations, and other infrastructure needed to transmit electricity from the
generation sources to the end users. This involves considering factors such as the distance between
the generation sources and the end users, the terrain, and any potential environmental impacts.

Obtaining necessary permits and approvals: Before the transmission system can be built, the
necessary permits and approvals must be obtained from local, state, and federal agencies. This
process may involve public hearings and other public engagement activities.

Constructing the transmission system: Once all necessary permits and approvals have been
obtained, the transmission system can be constructed. This may involve building transmission lines,
substations, and other infrastructure.

Operating and maintaining the transmission system: Once the transmission system is built, it must
be operated and maintained to ensure that it is running efficiently and reliably. This may involve
regular inspections, maintenance, and repairs as needed.

Question: The what studies must be to establish the design criteria for a substation. 

The following studies are to be performed to establish the design criteria for a substation. 

 Load flow studies


 Short circuit studies
 Transient stability studies
 Transient overvoltage studies
Load flow studies

The purpose of a substation is to provide a path for reliable delivery of power to system loads.

Load flow studies establish the current carrying requirements of a new substation, when all lines are
in and when selected lines are out for maintenance.

After studying a number of load flow cases, the continuous and emergency ratings required for
various equipment can be determined.  The load center also can be finalized by load flow studies. 

Short circuit studies

In addition to the continuous current ratings, the substation equipment must have short time
ratings.

These must be adequate to permit the equipment to sustain, without damage the severe thermal
and mechanical stresses of short circuit currents.

In order to provide adequate interrupting capability in the breakers, strength in post insulators and
appropriate setting for protective relays, which sense the fault current.

Transient stability studies

Under normal conditions, the mechanical input to a generator will be equal to the electrical output
plus generator losses. So long as this continues, the system generators rotate at 50Hz.

If this balance is destroyed by upsetting the mechanical or the electrical flow, the generator speed
deviates from 50Hz and begins to oscillate about a new equilibrium point.

The factors which affect the stability are

 the severity of the fault,


 the speed with which the fault is cleared and
 ties between the machine and the system after the fault is cleared.

The aspects of transient stability that are important in substation design are

 the type and speed, of the line and bus protection,


 relaying,
 the interrupting time of the breaker and
 the bus configuration after the fault has been cleared.

Transient overvoltage studies

Transient overvoltage may be due to lightning strokes or circuit switching. The most reliable means
to establish switching overvoltage is through the use of a transient network analyzer (TNA) study.

Question: What do you understand by Insulation Coordination?

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