LALA LAJPATRAI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

CASE
STUDY

TOPIC: “Metaverse Revolution: Fundamentals and

the role of 5G technology”

Sr. Group Members Roll Number

No.
1 Ritu Mehta 2021125

2 Jayesh Paliwal 2021148

3 Akshita Menghi 2021126

4 Puneet Kaur Saini 2021177

 Metaverse Revolution: Fundamentals and the role of 5G
technology

Abstract
The Metaverse, is an evolving next-generation Internet paradigm, aims to create
fully immersive, hyper-spatiotemporal and autonomous virtual shared spaces
for people to play, work and socialize. Recent advances in new technologies
such as augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and the blockchain advance the
metaverse from science fiction to impending reality. However, the Metaverse's
major privacy and security breaches (either inherited from the underlying
technology or stemming from the new digital ecology ) may hamper its
widespread deployment. At the same time, the following metaverse-specific
characteristics can pose many fundamental challenges in deploying metaverse
security, such as scalability and interoperability. B. Immersive Realism, Hyper-
spatio-temporality, Sustainability, Heterogeneity. This Case provides a
comprehensive overview of metaverse fundamentals, security, and privacy. In
particular, we first examine the novel decentralized metaverse architecture and
its key features, including interactions between three-dimensional worlds. Next,
we discuss the integration of 5G internet and the metaverse system.
 Introduction

The Metaverse, literally a combination of the prefix "meta" (meaning

transcendence) and the suffix "verse" (short for Universe), is a computer-
generated world with a coherent value system and an independent economic
system. The term Metaverse was coined by Neal Stephenson in his 1992 science
fiction novel Snow Crash. In this novel, humans enter the physical world and
live in the Metaverse (parallel virtual worlds) via digital avatars (similar to the
user's physical self) via virtual reality (VR) devices. Since the first appearance
of his , the metaverse concept has evolved with various descriptions of his such
as: B. Second Life, Virtual 3D Worlds, Lifelog. Traditionally, the Metaverse is
seen as a fully immersive, hyper-spatiotemporal, autonomous virtual shared
space, amalgamation of his three worlds: physical, human, and digital. The
Metaverse is recognized as an evolving paradigm for the next-generation
Internet after the web and mobile Internet revolution, allowing users to live as
digital natives and experience a different life in a virtual world.
The metaverse integrates a variety of emerging technologies. In particular,
digital twin produces a mirror image of the real world, VR and augmented
reality (AR) provide immersive 3D experience, 5G and beyond offer ultra-high
reliable and ultralow latency connections for massive metaverse devices,
wearable sensors and brain-computer interface (BCI) enable user/avatar
interaction in the metaverse, artificial intelligence (AI) enables the large-scale
metaverse creation and rendering, and blockchain and non-fungible token
(NFT) play an important role in determining authentic rights for metaverse
assets . Currently, with the popularity of smart devices and the maturity of
enabling technologies, the metaverse is stepping out of its infancy into an
upcoming reality in the near future. Furthermore, significant innovations and
advances in the above emerging technologies are giving birth to a new
information ecology and new demands for applications, as well as the metaverse
for becoming a platform of the new ecology and applications. Driven by
realistic demands and the prospect of feasibility of metaverse construction,
metaverse recently has attracted increasing attention from around the world and
many tech giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, Tencent, and NVIDIA have
announced their ventures into Metaverse. In particular, Facebook renamed itself
'Meta' and is dedicated to building the future metaverse
In general, from a macro perspective, the evolution of the Metaverse can be
seen in three successive phases, as shown in Fig. : (i) Digital Twin, (ii) Digital
Native, and finally (iii) Surreal Reality . We aim to create a mirror world
consisting of large-scale, high-fidelity digital twins and things in a virtual
environment, creating a living digital representation of physical reality. In this
phase, virtual activities and properties such as Mimicking the physical
counterpart of, where the user's emotions and movements, real and virtual are
two parallel spaces. The second phase is mainly focused on the creation of
native content, where digital natives represented by avatars can create
innovation and insight into the digital world, and these digital works may exist
only in virtual space. there is. At this stage, content created at scale in the digital
world becomes equivalent to its physical counterpart, the digital world has the
ability to transform and innovate the production process of the physical world,
and a bridge between these two worlds. The Metaverse matures in its final
stages, turning into a persistent, self-perpetuating surreal world that assimilates
reality into. At this stage, seamless integration and mutual symbiosis between
the physical and virtual worlds is realized, the scope of the virtual world
becomes larger than that of the real world, and there are many scenes and lives
that cannot exist in reality.
Challenges for Securing Metaverse
Despite Metaverse's promising signs, security and privacy issues are the main
concerns hindering its further development. Security and privacy breaches occur
in the metaverse, ranging from managing massive data streams, ubiquitous user
profiling activities, and unfair outcomes from AI algorithms to physical
infrastructure and human security There is a possibility. First, because the
Metaverse integrates a variety of modern technologies and systems built on
them, vulnerabilities and inherent flaws may also be inherited by the Metaverse.
Incidents involving new technologies such as hijacking of mobile devices and
cloud storage, theft of virtual currency, and creation of fake news by artificial
intelligence have occurred. Second, the entanglement of different technologies
can amplify the effects of existing threats, making them more serious in the
virtual world, but not in physical and cyberspace, such as virtual stalking and
virtual espionage. Particularly, the personal data involved in the metaverse can
be more granular and unprecedentedly ubiquitous to build a digital copy of the
real world, which opens new horizons for crimes on private big data. For
example, to build a virtual scene using AI algorithms, users will inevitably wear
wearable AR/VR devices with built-in sensors to comprehensively collect brain
wave patterns, facial expressions, eye movements, hand movements, speech and
biometric features, as well as the surrounding environment. Besides, as users
need to be uniquely identified in the metaverse, it means that headsets, VR
glasses, or other devices can be used for tracking users’ real locations illegally.
Lastly, hackers can exploit system vulnerabilities and compromise devices as
entry points to invade real-world equipments such as household appliances to
threaten personal safety, and even threaten critical infrastructures such as power
grid systems, high-speed rail systems, and water supply systems via advanced
persistent threat (APT) attacks.
Nevertheless, existing security measures are still ineffective and may lack
adaptability to metaverse applications. In particular, the intrinsic properties of
the metaverse, such as immersion, hyperspace ephemerality, sustainability,
interoperability, scalability, and heterogeneity, can present many challenges to
efficient security deployment. there is. 1) A fully immersive real-time
experience in the Metaverse not only brings the sensual pleasure of a perfect
virtual environment, but also massive multimodal user-aware big data for
interactions between users and avatars. Challenges in Safe Fusion of
/Environment. 2) The integration of ternary worlds contributes to hyper
spatiotemporality in the metaverse , greatly increasing the complexity and
difficulty of trust management . The metaverse makes fact and fiction more
confusing as the lines between reality and virtual become more and more
blurred. Deep fake events, especially for regulatory and digital forensics. 3) To
avoid single point of failure (SPoF) and the A metaverse controlled by a few
powerful entities should be built on a distributed architecture because it is
autonomous and persistent. 4) Metaverse interoperability and scalability shows
that her users in different scenes and interaction modes can freely switch
between different sub-metaverses at the same time. This also poses challenges
for achieving rapid service authorization, compliance checking and
enforcement. Accountability mitigation and fusion of data from multiple
sources in a seamless service. 5) The virtual worlds of the great metaverse can
be very heterogeneous in terms of hardware implementations, communication
interfaces and software, posing enormous difficulties for interoperability.
Key Characteristics of Metaverse
In Web 1.0, Internet users are nothing more than consumers of content, and
pieces of content are served by Web sites. In Web 2.0 (that is, the mobile
Internet), users are both content creators and consumers, and websites become
platforms for providing services. Typical platforms are Wikipedia, WeChat and
TikTok. The metaverse is recognized as an evolving Web 3.0 paradigm. In the
metaverse, users represented as digital avatars can move seamlessly between
different virtual worlds (i.e., sub-metaverses) to interact with their digital lives,
their digital works, and their physical infrastructure experience the economic
interaction.
1. Immersiveness:
Immersive means that the computer-generated virtual space is so realistic that
the user feels psychologically and emotionally immersed. It can also be called
immersive realism. From the perspective of realism, humans interact with their
environment through their senses and bodies. Immersive realism can be
achieved through the structure and representation of sensory perceptions (visual,
auditory, tactile, temperature, balance, etc.).
2. Hyper Spatiotemporality:
The real world is constrained by the finiteness of space and the irreversibility of
time. Since the metaverse is a virtual space-time continuum parallel to reality,
hyper-spatiotemporality refers to breaking the boundary between time and
space. Thus, users can freely traverse different worlds in different spatio-
temporal dimensions and experience another life with seamless scene
transformation .
3. Sustainability:
Sustainability indicates that the Metaverse maintains a coherent value system
with a closed economic cycle and a high degree of independence. On the one
hand, it must be open. H. Continue to inspire user enthusiasm for digital content
creation and open innovation. On the other hand, maintaining stability requires
building on a decentralized architecture to eliminate the risks of SPoF and
prevent it from being controlled by a few powerful entities.

4. Interoperability:
Interoperability in the metaverse describes (i) the user's ability to seamlessly
move between virtual worlds (i.e., sub-metaverses) without interrupting the
immersive experience. (ii) Digital assets for rendering or reconstructing virtual
worlds are interchangeable between different platforms
5. Scalability:
Scalability refers to the capacity of the metaverse to scale with the number of
concurrent users/avatars, the level of scene complexity, and the mode of
user/avatar interaction (in terms of type, scale, and reach).
6. Heterogeneity:
Metaverse heterogeneity includes heterogeneous virtual spaces (e.g. different
implementations), heterogeneous physical devices (e.g. different interfaces),
heterogeneous data types (e.g. unstructured and structured), Includes
heterogeneous communication modes (e.g. cellular and satellite
communication). Also, the diversity of human psychology. also results in poor
interoperability of metaverse systems.

5G Integration: The Future is fast and crazy

5G can offer lower latency, higher capacity and higher speeds than 4G LTE
networks. It's one of the most robust technologies and the fastest in the world.
This means significantly less lag, faster downloads, and a huge impact on how
you live, play, and work. 5G speeds and other connectivity benefits are
expected to make businesses more efficient and end-users using his to access
more information faster than ever before. Smart stadiums, connected cars and
advanced gaming all rely on 's 5G network. In 1992, Neal Stephenson created
the Metaverse with his novel Snow Crash. It remained buried under the snow
for decades until Facebook announced its virtual reality-powered metaverse
would be the next big thing. I have. It's hard to avoid the term these days. But as
a matter of fact, the 5G metaverse relationship is essential to unlocking its full
potential. We are exploring how the 5G will enable exciting applications such
as Metaverse VR and Metaverse XR, and help make Web 3.0 a reality. This is a
phenomenon that gives , mobile operators a chance to make his 5G investments.
Facebook is the best example of the metaverse. About months ago, Facebook
changed its name to Meta. Metaverse means the world of virtual reality. In the
future, the next layer of the network, the Metaverse, will be used worldwide. A
3D version of him in the virtual world. G network is enough for Android these
days for data usage. In the future, with where G speed is not enough, people will
start using metaverse for social media usage. A 5G or 6G data speed connection
is required. Therefore, we need to implement this Metaverse in 5G networks.

The “Metaverse” is arguably the telecom and hyper scalar buzzword du jour. In
broad strokes, the metaverse is described as a new way of interacting online,
mixing cloud data with the real world - 3D virtual worlds which we will
experience using the latest devices, each with wealthy social connections and
communication weaved in. With super-fast 5G - and later 6G - people will be
able to participate in the metaverse by using augmented reality headsets or
glasses. In the future, the metaverse may include immersive experiences via
hologram. Facebook started to implement the metaverse and create a virtual
world in social media. Instagram and Whatsapp are also under the metaverse. In
later both will also work under the metaverse. Now Facebook is going to
officially work under the Meta Verse. It is like a 3D version format. Facebook is
ready to create one app under the virtual world its name Horizon. On social
media, as usual, we create a profile and invite our friends to play different kinds
of games. 5G enables the metaverse to connect the metaverse from anywhere,
Compare to other generations of networks, 5G works at high speed to transfer
data. It is also clear why the 5G industry is so interested in the metaverse. After
all, Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) is so far the only existent creative service to
emerge from the introduction of 5G in the US – and the economics of FWA is
questionable at best. This is the reason that the metaverse today is kind of like a
treasure, at the end of the 5G mysterious island. But to support the metaverse,
the 5G industry will need to move a lot faster than in its past.

5G ARCHITECTURE
5th generation mobile system model is an all-IP based model for wireless and
mobile network interoperability. All IP Network (AIPN) can meet the growing
demands of the cellular market. This is the normal platform for all Radio access
technologies. Figure (a) is an example of a 5G network architecture model with
different layers of spectrum packet switching used in AIPN, whose continuous
growth will improve performance and cost. The fifth generation network
architecture consists of a user terminal (which plays a key role in the new
architecture) and a set of independent Autonomous Radio Access Technology
(RAT). In 5G network architecture, all IP-based mobile applications and
services such as mobile banking, mobile commerce, mobile healthcare, mobile
portal, mobile government will be delivered through cloud computing resources
(CCR). Cloud computing is a model for assuming cheap network access to
configurable computing resources such as networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services. Figure (b) gives a clear view of cloud computing
with 5G. Cloud computing allows consumers to access without installing
applications and collect personal information from any computer with internet
access. CCR connects the Reconfigurable Multi-Technology Core (RMTC) to
remote configuration data from RRDs connected to Reconfiguration Data
Models (RDMs). The main task of RMTC is to deal with the increasing
diversity of radio access technologies. At its core is the convergence of
nanotechnology, cloud computing and radio , based on an All-IP platform. The
core changes its communication capabilities depending on network conditions
and/or user requests. RMTC is associated with various radio access
technologies ranging from 2G/GERAN to 3G/UTRAN and G/EUTRAN in
addition to 802.11x WLAN and 802.16x WMAN. Other standards such as
IS/95, EV-DO and CDMA200 are also compatible. The standards and
mechanisms of the interoperability process allow both terminals and RMTCs to
choose from heterogeneous access systems.

Figure (a)
 Figure (b)

Demand in the metaverse

By 2021, the total size of the metaverse market is projected to grow to $39
billion, $ 7, billion in 2022, and $679 billion by 2030. The metaverse mainly
consists of two main concepts. Accessible through augmented reality (AR) tools
and VR headsets, Web 3 takes experiences to a new level where websites and
apps can use machine learning to process information in an intelligent, human-
like way in real time. bring. The essential sensing, processing, and display
technologies are currently under development, and companies such as Meta,
Google, Microsoft, Snap, HTC, and Apple are all working to build the devices
necessary to enable access to the Metaverse. HTC's VIVE VR system is one of
his examples of the required technology. Meta's Oculus Quest gaming headset is
another product. But VR isn't just for games and entertainment. To drive the
digital customer experience, the digital economy enables the innovative and
imaginative requirements shown in figure (c). First and foremost, this new
evolutionary era has created demand for the growth and integration of 5G in all
of his business models of the company. As the metaverse market expands, many
opportunities will emerge as companies explore the exciting potential of his in
new areas, from entertainment to real estate. Take your real estate business to
the next level as your customers experience virtual house design . 5G will also
play a key role in maintaining and creating superior customer experiences in
both the physical and digital worlds. At the same time, it attracts customers to
expect efficient and flawless journeys with strong connectivity. Enterprises will
truly thrive when the Metaverse enables to deliver breakthrough customer
presence with the fastest connection speeds and lowest latency possible. Time
delays and confusion are a fast track for dissatisfied customers and a poor fit for
Metaverse participants. After all, 5G will be harnessed to the Metaverse just as
G was to the rise of social media and his mobile his apps. Simply put, the
Metaverse and accompanying enterprise digital strategies cannot reach their full
potential without 5G.

Figure (c)

WHY WE NEED 5G FOR METAVERSE

The Metaverse is a virtual world that connects all users of this world. Many data
connections are generated from users. Fast data transmission is required to parse
the and send the data from the user to the cloud. The latest network generations
such as 3G, 2G and G are not stable as they are not suitable for this data speed
and require more time and complexity. High data usage. Metaverse takes more
data and improves data speed. 5G networks are therefore the best way to
implement the Metaverse. Social media like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter
also consume limited data depending on how people use it. A network speed of
G or 3G is sufficient for this kind of social media. But in the case of the
metaverse, social media is complicated, consumes a certain unlimited amount of
data. Therefore, 5G speed networks are better suited for the Metaverse.
 Figure (d)

The Metaverse could use virtual reality, and we now know how to immerse the
user in another world. and are accustomed to improvements. The Metaverse
offers new techniques and valuable ways to care for our health. Virtual reality
consultations are already available in the medical healthcare field, with
physiotherapists using needles to provide patients with a variety of treatments,
so patients remain in a safe and controlled environment. You can experience the
situation where you can. The requirement to be simplified by the 5G network
architecture is that it must be possible to design a network that satisfies users
such as latency, capacity, throughput, network connectivity, etc., taking into
account encrypted communication, and each part It requires a very high degree
of flexibility in that the functions and services.

Figure (e)
The diagram above shows the speed information of the 5G network that the user
first accesses and communicates to connect to the metaverse whenever two
users need it. New users are also more likely to explore her in the virtual world
more and more. Then compare the real world with the virtual world. Places and
objects in the virtual world can be virtually replicated in full detail using 5G and
linking the metaverse to the physical real world. Finally, it is supported by an
increase in global data usage, making it more efficient than other generation
networks compared. So energy consumption is higher as the world invests more
time in digital and virtual environments.

Metaverse also relies on edge computing development and storage sources. This
is because, at least in its current form, the production of social media content to
create a metaverse experience requires very low latency and very high
bandwidth connections. Such experiences are currently limited as they may
drive the need for VR and AR. Whether it's a VR headset or an AI-powered
cable, you need his network, the fastest and lowest latency, that can compress
massive amounts of data between the cloud server and its device connection.
Fifth generation networks using frequencies, especially 5G, will open up new
opportunities for VR requirements including haptic and AR that allows the
visitor to have an in-depth conversation with her AI host. Creating fully
interactive 3D metaverses packed with textured social media from video and
immersive audio relies on large digital files that are much denser than the file
types required for video and other content doing. Finally, upload and download
speeds are simultaneously faster than th and 5th generation networks can handle
these large files. With increasing access to 5G, the will be able to support the
ongoing development of the Metaverse by delivering the speed and performance
that enable the digital world to function. 5G-capable devices being developed
by mobile hardware companies will be able to run software beyond what
currently has on devices capable of supporting the metaverse.
 GAMING -A STEP CLOSER
There are many new age technology companies and 5G applications are now
available. The ultra-low latency of some of the 5G networks opens up many
possibilities for the , especially augmented reality (AR). The Metaverse will
also boost network speeds with its 5G network, an AR tool used in games. The
energy between 5G and the Metaverse is expected to contribute to the growth
and scale of both technologies.To share social media content across
experimental technologies such as the Metaverse, Virtual Reality and Produce,
Fast connection bandwidth and low latency are highly recommended.
Augmented reality. 5G will therefore play a key role in supporting his seamless
creation of new types of content,” said, co-founder of Palm, which is building a
metaverse network for India. Soudharya Agarwal said. It is also important for
facilitating edge computing, interoperability with website applications, and
storage, laying the foundation for a unified metaverse experience.

Figure (f)

5th generation networks pave the way for better ways to work together in a
virtual mode world. It also supports the system in process, increasing the
amount of data in real time, ensuring a high-quality his 3- dimensional
experience with enhanced mobility. The metaverse needs 5G and may have
other options. The public metaverse is removed from 's actual development. As
such, 5G and hyperscale infrastructure will require some fundamental changes.
However, Metaverse technology (both physical and digital integration and
overlay) is present today and is being used to solve real problems. For example,
Metaverse public infrastructure can support how can best cover cities with 5G
coverage. The 's ability to accurately and digitally emulate real-world networks
is also driving innovation in distributed cloud architectures for communications
service providers. The Metaverse is optional for Telecom and Hyperscale for
measuring speeds in broadcast networks. In a massive stroke, the Metaverse
fuses cloud data storage with the real world (the 3- dimensional virtual world
we all experience through the use of new devices) to illustrate new ways of
online interaction. used for Several social media connections and interactions
have attracted his people.
The headset may be slimmer and have an improved software system. But on the
surface, this metaverse thing sounds too jaded to old ears, like a rereading of the
same "cyber-safe space" virtual reality concept we've been hearing since the
1990s. increase. In fact, his off the metaverse is a barrage of press releases from
tech startups and established giants seeking his to capitalize on the metaverse
hype, or at least gain some visibility. Most are already cached inside. What
"Metaverse" ultimately means is up to his people talking about it. If you hear
Meta, it's your Metaverse.
 CONCLUSION

So far, we have talked about 5G generation technology in the Metaverse

version. We also reasoned about the 5G architecture, why the Metaverse needs
his his 5G and the demand in the Metaverse. This is the 5th generation network
technology implemented in the Metaverse by Gaming. It's a virtual world game
that requires a lot of network to connect the game. He started using 5G speed
networks because of the low latency of compared to other generation networks
and the ease of connectivity. protagonist in the Metaverse version. Therefore,
the Metaverse proved that he needed a 5G technology network.
A detailed overview of Metaverse basics, security, and privacy. In particular,
we introduced the novel distributed metaverse architecture, describing its key
features, enabling technologies, and the latest prototype of the . We then
examined security and privacy threats and key security defenses and privacy
challenges in distributed metaverse architectures. Additionally, we reviewed
existing/potential solutions when designing custom security and privacy
countermeasures for the metaverse. We hope that this study will shed light on
the security and privacy protection of Metaverse applications and stimulate
further pioneering research in this emerging area.
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