HS

Disciplines and Ideas in

the Applied Social
Science
Module 3
 Target

The principles of counseling can be found in the basic process

of counseling since they govern each and every step: developing trust;
exploring problem areas; helping to set goals; empowering into action;
helping to maintain change; and agreeing when to end. (Velleman, 2001)

In your previous lesson, you are done with the relationships and
differences between social sciences and applied social sciences, and you
have identify the goals and scope of counseling

This lesson will provide you with information and activities that will
help you understand counseling frame-work that emphasizes a
professional commitment to providing client-centered counseling services
that are un-biased, culturally aware, and reflect genuine interest in
learning about and addressing the client’s unique experience and needs.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Explain the principles of counseling HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ib-5

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 Jumpstart

For you to understand the lesson well, do the

following activities. Have fun and good luck!

Activity 1: “Prinsipyo Mo, Isulat Mo”

Direction: Write your answer principle in life in a separate sheet

of paper.
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
Guide question:
1. What transpires you to have these principles?
______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.
2. How do these principles affect your life as a student?
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

Discover

Principles of Counseling

The principles of counseling can be found in the basic process of

counseling since they govern each and every step: developing trust;
exploring problem areas; helping to set goals; empowering into action;
helping to maintain change; and agreeing when to end. (Velleman, 2001)
1. Advice
Counseling may involve advice-giving as one of the several functions
that counselors perform. When this is done, the requirement is that a
counselor makes judgments about a counselee’s problems and lays out
options for a course of action.
2. Reassurance
Counseling involves providing clients with reassurance, which is a
way of giving them courage to face a problem or confidence that they are
pursuing a suitable course of action. Reassurance is a valuable principle
because it can bring about a sense of relief that may empower a client to
function normally again.

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3. Release of emotional tension
Counseling provides clients the opportunity to get emotional release
from their pent-up frustrations and other personal issues. Counseling
experience shows that as persons begin to explain their concerns to a
sympathetic listener, their tensions begin to subside. They become more
relaxed and the release of tensions helps remove mental blocks by providing
a solution to the problem.
4. Clarified thinking
It tends to take place while the counselor and counselee are talking
and therefore becomes a logical emotional release. As this relationship goes
on, other self-empowering results may take place later as a result of
developments during the counseling relationship. Clarified thinking
encourages a client to accept responsibility for problems and to be more
realistic in solving them.

5. Reorientation
It involves a change in the client’s emotional self through a change in
basic goals and aspirations. This requires a revision of the client’s level of
aspiration to bring it more in line with actual and realistic attainment. It
enables clients to recognize and accept their own limitations. The counselor’s
job is to recognize those in need of reorientation and facilitate appropriate
interventions.
6. Listening skills
Listening attentively to clients is the counselor’s attempt to
understand both the content of the clients’ problem as they see it, and the
emotions they are experiencing related to the problem. Good listening helps
counselors to understand the concerns being presented.
7. Respect
In all circumstances, clients must be treated with respect, no matter
how peculiar, strange, disturbed, weird, or utterly different from the
counselor. Without this basic element, successful counseling is impossible.
Counselors do not have to like the client, or their values, or their behavior,
but they have to put their personal feelings aside and treat the client with
respect.
8. Empathy and positive regard
Carl Rogers combined empathy and positive regard as two principles
that should go along with respect and effective listening skills. Empathy
requires the counselor to listen and understand the feelings and perspective
of the client and positive regard is an aspect of respect. For Rogers, clients
have to be given both “unconditional positive regard” and be treated with
respect.
9. Clarification, confrontation, and interpretation
Clarification is an attempt by the counselor to restate what the client
is either saying or feeling, so the client may learn something or understand
the issue better. Confrontation and interpretation are other more advanced
principles used by counselors in their interventions.

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 10. Transference and countertransference
When clients are helped to understand transference reactions, they
are empowered to gain understanding of important aspects of their
emotional life. Countertransference helps both clients and counselors to
understand the emotional and perceptional reactions and how to effectively
manage them.
Activity 1. Test your Knowledge
Direction: Analyze carefully the questions and answer it correctly.
Choose your answer from the given choices. Write the correct answer
that corresponds to the letter of your choice. (Write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.)
1. Which program should be based upon understanding the needs
and problems of the students, competence and interest of the
guidance personnel?
A. Guidance tools C. Guidance principles
B. Guidance services D. Guidance techniques
2. When should a teacher and a pupil hold a case conference?
A. Before the start of the school year B. At the end of the semester
B. At the close of the day’s work A. As need arises
3. Kristina is already in the senior year of high school. After attending to
their symposium or career choices, still Kristina is confused with her career
plan, whether to take Teaching or Physical Therapy. How would you assist
her?
A. Tell her to take an aptitude test to know about her strengths.
B. Tell her to choose a course that is closer to her heart.
C. Tell her that you are a model in Teaching.
D. Let her see a career guidance counselor.
4. In a class, there are children who usually get out of the social circle. How
do you describe these children?
A. Aggressive type C. Friendly type
B. Quarrelsome type D. Shy type
5. Dianne has above average mental ability but she is poorly motivated in
class that is why she has low grades in her academic performance. Is she?
A. Slow learner C. Superior
B. Under-achiever D. Over-achiever

Activity 2. Recalling my experience

Direction: Recall your best guidance experience. Identify thoughts and

emotions that were triggered by this experience. On a piece of paper, draw a
symbol that will represent that experience.

Guide Questions. Write your answers on separate sheet of paper.

a. What is the symbol all about?
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.

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 b. In what way(s) had your guidance counsellor helped you in dealing
with your problem?
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

C. What do you like most about guidance counsellor?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.

Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

Activity 1. A matter of Reasoning

1. Ask the students to answer the following:
A. Which among the counseling principles do you agree most? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.
B. Do you think all these principles are necessary in counseling? Why or
why not?
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.

Rubrics for all activities

Areas of 5 points 4 points 3 points 2 points 1 point
Assessment
Ideas Presents ideas Presents ideas Ideas are too Ideas are Response is
in an original in a consistent general vague or entirely
manner manner unclear irrelevant
Organization Strong and Organized Some No Unorganize
organized beg/mid/end organization; organization; d ideas
beg/mid/end attempt at a lack
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Understanding shows strong Writing shows Writing shows Writing shows The article
understanding a clear adequate little cannot be
understanding understanding understanding understood
by the
reader
Word Choice very Informative/ Less Vague and No meaning
informative/ meaningful informative/ unclear at all
meaningful meaningful

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 Deepen

Activity No. 1 Test your Knowledge and Reasoning Power

Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper. (2-3 sentences)
1. From the 10 principles of counseling choose one as your theme in
composing a poem or making a poster to promote counseling among the youth.
______________________________________________________________________________.
2. Give one principles of counseling then give examples that explains that
principles. Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________.
3. Is a counselor doesn’t have the right to disclose the records of his/ her
counselee? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________.
Poster Rubric

CATEGORY 5 points 4 points 3 points 2 points 1 point

Required The poster All required All but 1 of the Several No elements
Elements includes all elements are required required are found in
elements & included on the elements are elements the poster
additional poster. included on were missing.
information. the poster.
Labels All items of Almost all items Many items of Labels are No
importance on of importance on importance on too small to important
the poster are the poster are the poster are view items are
clearly labeled clearly labeled clearly labeled labeled
with labels that with labels that that can be
can be read can be read from read from at
from at least 3 at least 3 feet least 3 feet
feet away. away. away.
Graphics - All graphics are All graphics are All graphics Graphics do Graphics is
Relevance related to the related to the relate to the not relate to not related
topic and make topic and it is topic. One or the topic or to the topic
it easier to easier to two borrowed borrowed
understand. All understand. graphics have graphics do
borrowed Some borrowed a source not have a
graphics have a graphics have a citation. source
source citation. source citation. citation.
The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is It is not
exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly attractive.
Attractive- attractive in terms of design, attractive messy or very
ness terms of design, layout, and though it may poorly
layout, and neatness. be a bit messy. designed.
neatness.

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 Poem Rubric
CATEGORY 5 points 4points 3 points 2 points 1 point
THE Student devoted Student devoted Student It appears The poem
WRITING his/her time and adequate time and devoted some that the has many
PROCESS / effort to the effort to the time and effort student does errors.
writing process writing process. to the writing not care about
EFFORT The poem has no The poem may process. There the
errors. have one or two are several assignment.
errors. errors.
TITLE The poem has a The poem has a The poem has a The poem has The poem
title that clearly title that relates to title title but its off has no title
relates to the the poem the topic
poem and adds
message of the
poem
NEATNESS The final draft of The final draft of The final draft The final draft The final
the poem is the poem is of the poem is is not neat or draft is
readable, clean, readable, neat readable and attractive. It messy, and
neat and and attractive. It some of the looks like the didn’t care
attractive. It is may have one or pages are student just what it
free of erasures two erasures, but attractive. It wanted to get looked like.
and crossed-out they are not looks like parts it done.
words. distracting. of it might have
been done in a
hurry.
STYLE The poem is The poem is The poem is The poem has the thoughts
written with a written with a written a little style did not come
great sense of defined with style. somewhat with out clearly
style. The poem Thoughts are style. on paper.
has been well clear to read and Thoughts are
thought and understandable. clear to a
makes sense to degree.
the reader.
VOCA- The poem is filled The poem The poem The poem has The poem
BULARY with descriptive includes many includes some a little does not
vocabulary that descriptive descriptive description allow the
appeals to the elements and is words and reader to
reader. appealing. phrases. visualize the
poem.

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 Gauge

Activity 1. Summative Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully then write the correct answer. Use a
separate sheet for your answrs.

I. Multiple Choice
1. It is a way of giving the client courage to face a problem or confidence that
they are pursuing in a suitable course of action
A. Reassurance C. Clarified thinking B. Release of
emotional tension D. Reorientation
2. It can be found in the basic process of counseling since they govern each
and every step
A. Principles of counseling C. Release of emotional tension D.
B. Principles Reassurance Principles of clarified thinking
3. Counseling may involve an indepth invistigation so that as a counselor he
can perform
A. Empathy and positive regard C. Reorientation
B. Advice D. Listening skills
4. It establishes trust, helps the client open up and disclose their
thoughts, and encourages them to share their emotions, thereby
facilitating the gathering of valuable information about the client that
would in turn aid the counseling process.
A. Empathy and positive regard C. Reorientation
B. Reassurance D. Listening skills
5. This means that the counsellor is able to understand the emotions and
experiences of the client and the latter is able to convey this understanding
to the client.
A. Clarification, confrontation, and interpretation
B. Empathy and positive regard
C. Reorientation
D. Reassurance
II. Matching type
1. Countertransference a. helps both clients and counselors to
understand emotional and perceptional
reactions and how to effectively manage
them
2. Clarification b. tends to take place while the
counselor and counselee are
talking and therefore becomes a
logical emotional release
3. Reorientation c. attempts of counselor to restate what
the client is saying or feelings so the
client may learn something or
understand the issue better

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 4. Clarified thinking d. involves a change in the client's
emotional self through a change in basic
goals and aspirations
5. Release of Emotinal tension e. is an important function of counseling.
People can feel this from their frustrations
after counseling. This may not solve the
entire problem, but run over mental blocks
to the solution
III. True or False
1. Transference and countertransference is the release of emotional tension
True False
2. Empathy and positive regard are more advanced principles used by counselors
in their interventions
True False
3. Principles of counseling can be found in the basic process of counseling since
they govern each and every step
True False
4. Human dignity, Social Justice, Partnership, Autonomy & Integrity is also
associated to the Principles of Counseling
True False

5. Listening attentively to clients a counselor’s attempt to understand both the

content of the clients’ problem as they see it, and the emotions they are
experiencing related to the problem.
True False
Activity 2. Essay
Direction: Identify what principles of counseling being presented on the situations
given then explain your answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Your friend in your class has just failed a major test or exam. Your friend is
distraught because she studied really hard and still failed. Even though you got a
good grade on this test, you remember what it is like to fail. You don't try to fix
things for your friend. Instead, you make statement like, "I'm so, so sorry about
your grade. I know how hard you studied and how disappointed you must feel."
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________.

2. After a meeting with the school counselor, Angelica reveals that she often feels faint
and has been losing a significant amount of hair. During the session, the counselor
observes that Angelica makes several negative comments about herself and her
appearance and that she is wearing clothes that are noticeably too large. The student's
disclosures and behaviors are most likely indicative of what principle

__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

Great job! You are almost done with this module.

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 References
Printed Materials:
1. Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences by Elias Sampa pp 10-23
2. Dela Cruz, A. R. D., et.al., (2016). Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social
Sciences. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., pp. 19-34
3. Sampa, E.M., (2017) Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences. Rex Book
Store, Inc. pp. 14-16

Online Resources
1.https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-
bd&q=release+of+emotional+tension+in+counseling

2.https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ah
UKEwiizuShzenqAhUDD6YKHZBOA38QFjAQegQIBhAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fptop.only.wip.la%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fww
w.uen.org%2Flessonplan%2Fdownload%2F18725%3FlessonId%3D12365%26segm
entTypeId%3D2&usg=AOvVaw3Ede9TkLsm1WcnIlHJGwJz

3.https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ah
UKEwi32qWW0OnqAhWhF6YKHbk-
B5wQFjACegQIAxAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fptop.only.wip.la%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fhbcsd.org%2Fdownload.cfm%3Fid%3
D2382&usg=AOvVaw2pYMpxgHyYpWJXgxba2VSz

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