M a them a ti cs | 22.

27

1 1 x
10. ∫ = dx sec−1 + c (Valid for x > a > 0)
2
x x −a2 a a

eax eax   b  
ax
(asinbx − bcosbx) + c = sin bx − tan−1    + c
11. ∫ e sinbx=
dx
a2 + b2 a2 + b2   a  

ax eax eax  b
12. ∫ e cosbx=dx
2
a +b 2
(acosbx + bsinbx) + c =
2
cos bx − tan−1  + c
2 a
a +b 

Solved Examples

JEE Main/Boards ∫
dx
 n ( sec θ + tan θ )
x2 + a2
= ∫ sec θ dθ = log
x + sinx
Example 1: Evaluate : ∫ 1 + cos xdx
 x2 + a2 x 
 n
= log + 
Sol: Here by using the formula  a a
 
x x x
=sinx 2sin cos and
= 1 + cos x 2cos2    x2 + 
2 2 2 11 2 2 2 2 a2a2 x x 
x2 +
=∴I I  x xx x+
∴= + nn 
a a + +log + + + + cc
we can solve the given problem. 
22   aa a a 
    
x + sinx x + 2sinx/ 2cosx/ 2
∫ 1 + cos xdx = ∫ dx
1 − sinx
2cos2 x / 2 −1
Example 3: Evaluate : ∫ tan 1 + sinx
dx
x 2 x
= ∫ 2 sec x / 2 + tan dx = x tanx / 2 + c
2 Sol: Here first write cos ( ( π / 2) − x ) at the place of sin x
x
2sin2
then by using the formula 1 − cos x =
Example 2: Evaluate : ∫ x2 + a2 dx 2
x
2cos2
And 1 + cos x = we can solve it.
Sol: By applying integration by parts and taking 2

x2 + a2 as the first function we can solve the given 1 − sinx 1 − cos ( ( π / 2) − x )

I = ∫ tan−1 dx = ∫ tan−1 dx
problem. 1 + sinx 1 + cos ( ( π / 2) − x )

x2 + a2 dx = 2sin2 ( ( π / 4) − (x / 2) )
∫ = ∫ tan
−1
dx
2cos2 ( ( π / 4) − (x / 2) )
(x2 + a2 ) − a2 x2
= x2 + a2 x − ∫ dx x2 + a2 x − ∫ dx
−1 π x π x π x2
x2 + a2 x2 + a2 = ∫ tan tan  4 − 2  dx = ∫  4 2 
− dx = x − +C
4 4
dx
x x2 + a2 + a2 ∫
= x2 + a2 Example 4: Evaluate : ∫ log(2 + x2 )dx
2
Put x = atan θ Sol: Here integrating by parts by taking log(2 + x2 ) as
the first function we can solve the given problem.
2 2 . 2 8 | Indefinite Integration

I = ∫ log(2 + x2 )dx = ∫ log(2 + x2 ).1dx dx

Example 7: Evaluate: ∫
2
(1 + x ) 1 − x2
2
Taking log(2 + x ) as first function and integrating by
parts, we get Sol: By putting x=sin θ ⇒ dx = cos θ d θ , we will
2x reduce the given integration as
I = log(2 + x2 ) x − ∫ x. dx
  2 + x2 sec2 θ ⇒ dt = sec2 θ dθ
2
(x + 2) − 2
∫ 1 + 2 tan2 θdθ and then put t = tan θ
= xlog(2 + x2 ) − 2∫ dx
2 + x2
and solve it.
 2  Put x=sin θ ⇒ dx = cos θ d θ
= xlog(2 + x2 ) − 2∫ 1 − dx
2
 x + 2
dx 1
  x 
⇒ I= ∫ 2 2
= ∫ 1 + sin2 θdθ
= xlog(x2 + 2) − 2  x − 2 tan−1    + Cc (1 + x ) 1 − x
  2  
sec2 θ
= ∫ 1 + 2 tan2 θdθ
e2x − e−2x
Example 5: Evaluate : ∫ e2x + e−2x dx Again put t = tan θ ⇒ dt = sec2 θ dθ

dt 1 1 1
Sol: Simply put e2x + e−2x = t ⇒ (e2x − e−2x )dx = I= ∫ 1 + 2t2 dt = ∫ dt
( )
2
and then solving we will get the result. 2 2 t2 + 1 / 2
2x −2x
e −e
I= ∫ e2x + e−2x dx =
1 1 

−1 
 tan 
t 
 + c
21 / 2  1 / 2 
dt
t ⇒ (e2x − e−2x )dx =
Put e2x + e−2x =
2  x 2 
1 1
1 dt 1 1 = tan−1 ( 2 tan θ) + c = tan−1  +c
2x −2x 2 2  
∴I = =∫
2 t 2
log t + C = log e + e
2
+ Cc  1−x
2


x3 − 1 xdx
Example 6: Evaluate : ∫ x3 + xdx Example 8: Evaluate : ∫ (x− 1)(x2 + 4)
Sol: By splitting the given integration as Sol: By partial fractions, we can reduce the given
3 fraction as a sum of two fractions which will be easier
x 1
∫ x(x2 + 1)dx − ∫ x(x2 + 1)dx to integrate.
x A Bx + C
= +
We can solve the given problem. 2
(x − 1)(x + 4) x − 1 x2 + 4

x3 − 1 x3 1 x = 1 ⇒ A = 1/5
∫ x3 + xdx = ∫ x(x2 + 1)dx − ∫ x(x2 + 1)dx x = 2i ⇒ B = –1/5, C = 4/5

x2 1 x  
1 4 − 2x
= ∫ x2 + 1dx − ∫ x − (x2 + 1)dx =∴ I ∫ +  dx
 5 ( x − 1)


5 x2 + 4 ( ) 


 1  1 x
= ∫ 1 − dx − ∫ dx + ∫ 2 dx 11 11   2x
2x 88  
 2
x +1 x x +1 =
= n(x
logn(x−−1)1)−−   2 −− 
55 10
10 xx2++44 xx2 2++44 
= x − tan−1 x − logx + log x2 + 1 + c
=
1
n(x(x− −
log 1)1)− −
(
x2 + 24 + 4)2 2 x x
ln log(x
+ −tan
+ tan
)
1 −1
5 10 10 5 5 2 2
 M a them a ti cs | 22.29

sinx x2 −1 1 x2 x2 1 (1 − x2 ) − 1
Example 9: Evaluate: ∫ sin 4xdx =
2
sin x − ∫ . dx = sin−1 x + ∫ dx
1 − x2 2 2 2 1 − x2
Sol: By using the formula sin2x = 2sinx.cos x , we can
reduce the given fraction and then by putting sin x = t x2 1 1 1
= sin−1 x + ∫ 1 − x2 dx − ∫ dx
we can solve it. 2 2 2 1 − x2
sinx sinx dx dx
∫ sin 4xdx = ∫ 2cos2x sin2x = ∫ 4 cos x cos2x x2 x 1 − x2 1 −1
= sin−1 x + − sin x + Cc
2 4 4
cos xdx
= ∫ 4(1 − sin2 x)(1 − 2sin2 x) 2x2 − 1 −1 x
= sin x + 1 − x2 + C
c
4 4
Put sin x = t
1 dt ex (2 − x2 )dx
⇒I= ∫
4 (1 − t )(1 − 2t2 )
2 Example 2: Evaluate : ∫
(1 − x) 1 − x2
1  1 2 
= ∫  2 −  dt Sol: We can split the given fraction as
4  (t − 1) (2t − 1) 
 2
 1 + x 1 
x
11 t −1 1 2t − 1  ∫e 
2
+ dx and this integration is
= log − log +c  1 − x (1 − x) 1 − x2 
42 t +1 2 2t + 1 
 in the form of ex (f(x) + f ' (x))
1 sinx − 1 1 2 sinx + 1
= log + log +c ex (2 − x2 )dx x (1 − x2 ) + 1
8 sinx + 1 4 2 2 sinx − 1 I= ∫ = ∫e dx
(1 − x) 1 − x2 (1 − x) 1 − x2
dx  1 + x 1 
Example 10: Evaluate : ∫ (x)(x 4 − 1) = ∫e
x
 + dx
2
 1 − x (1 − x) 1 − x2 
Sol: Here we can write the given integration as
d  1+x  1 x
x −5 −4 But   = + (1 + x)
∫ (1 − x −4 ) dx and then by putting 1 − x t
= dx  1 − x2 
 1−x 2
(1 − x2 )
3
2

⇒ 4x −5 = dt we can solve it. 1 (1 + x)x

= +
dx x −5 1 − x2 (1 − x)(1 + x) 1 − x2
∫ (x)(x 4 − 1) = ∫ (1 − x −4 ) dx
1 x 1−x+x
= + =
Put 1 − x −4 =
t ⇒ 4x −5 = dt 1−x 2
(1 − x) 1 − x 2
(1 − x) 1 − x2
dt 1 1 1
log | 1 − x −4 | + c =
=
⇒ ∫=
4t 4
log| t | +=
c
4 (1 − x) 1 − x2
Hence, the integrand is of type ex (f(x) + f ' (x))
1+x
JEE Advanced/Boards ∴ I = ex +C
1 − x2
−1
Example 1: Evaluate : ∫ x sin xdx cos3 x + cos5 x
Example 3: Evaluate : ∫ sin2 x + sin4 x dx
Sol: Integrating by parts taking sin−1 x as the first term
we can solve the given integration. Sol: Here by taking cos3 x and sin2 x common from the
−1 numerator and denominator respectively and then by
∫ x sin xdx
putting sin x =t we can solve the given problem.
−1
Let u sin
= = x, v x cos3 x(1 + cos2 x)
I= ∫ sin2 x(1 + sin2 x)
dx
2 2 . 3 0 | Indefinite Integration

Since power of cos x is odd, put sin x =t; 1 1 z −z −5 5

dt =
−= n n + C+ cC
⇒ I = −∫ − log
Then, cos x dx = dt 2
z −5 2 25 5 z +z +5 5

(1 − t2 )(1 + 1 − t2 ) (1 − t2 )(2 − t2 )
I= ∫ dt = ∫ t2 (1 + t2 ) dt
t2 (1 + t2 )
=
−=
11
n n
x x+ (1 (( 2 2 2 2
))
/ x/ x) +)3+ 3− −5 5
+ (1
+ C+ C
c
− log
=
 2 6 
∫  1 + t2 − 1 + t2  dt = t−
2
t
− 6 tan−1 t + C
c
2 25 5 x2 x+2 (1(( ))
/ x/2 x) 2+)3+ 3+ +5 5
+ (1

Example 6: Evaluate :
= sinx − 2cosec x − 6 tan−1 (sinx) + Cc

x
4e + 6e −x ∫ cosec
22
∫ cosecx.x.log
n
n (cosx++ cos2x
(cosx ) dx for sin x > 0
cos2x) dx
Example 4: Evaluate : ∫ 9ex − 4e−x dx
Sol: By substituting cos2 x − sin2 x in place of . cos2x .
we can reduce the given integration as the sum of two
Sol: By partial fractions we can reduce the given fraction
integrations and then by integrating them separately
as a sum of two fractions and then by integrating them
we will obtain the result.
we will get the result.
x −x ∫∫cosec
2
nn((cosx
cosec2x.x.log cosx++ cos2x ))
cos2x dx
dx
4e + 6e
I= ∫ 9ex − 4e−x dx
 2 
nncos sin2xxdx
2 2
== ∫∫cosec
cosec2xxlog cosxx++ coscos2xx−−sin dx
x −x x −x
Let 4e + 6e = A 9e − 4e + B  (  d
 dx
x
9e − 4e  )
−x 

( 

)
 

nn sinx(cot cot2xx−−1)1) dx
2 2
=
= ∫ ∫ cosecx2 xlog
cosec
 
sinx(cotxx++ cot

dx
By comparing the coefficients of ex and e− x , we get
== ∫∫cosec cosec22x.x.log
nsinx
nsinxdx dx++ ∫ ∫cosec 22
cosecx. x.log
n[cot
2
cot2xx−−1]dx
n[cotxx++ cot 1]dx
−19 35
A= ,B=
36 36 = I1 + I2

A(9ex − 4e− x ) + B(9ex + 4e− x ) I1I1==∫∫cosec 2

cosec2x.x.log
nsinxdx
nsinxdx
∴I= ∫ 9ex − 4e− x
dx
= ( −( −cot
cotx).
x).lognsinx−−∫∫( −( −cot
nsinx cotx).cot
x).cotxdx
xdx
x −x
9e + 4e
= A ∫ dx + B ∫
x −x
dx = Ax + Blog 9ex − 4e− x + cC = −−cot
cotx.x.log
nsinx (cosec22xx−−1)dx
nsinx++∫∫(cosec 1)dx
9e − 4e
19 35 = −−cot
cotx.x.log
nsinx
nsinx−−cot
cotxx−−xx++CC11
= − x+ log 9ex − 4e− x + Cc
36 36 22
=
=I2I2 ∫∫cosec
cosec x.x.log
n[cot
n[cotxx++ cot22xx−−1]dx
cot 1]dx

1 + x2 dx Put cot x=t; − cosec2 xdx =

dt
Example 5: Evaluate : ∫ 1 − x2 for x > 0
−−∫∫log
I2I2= 2
n[t++ t t2−−1]dt
n[t
1 + 3x2 + x 4 = 1]dt
(Integrate by parts)
Sol: Dividing by x2 in the numerator and denominator
and then putting x – 1/x = t we can solve the given 1 + (t / t2 − 1)
==−t. n  t + t2 − 1  + ∫ t.
−t.log dt
problem.   t + t2 − 1
I= ∫
1 + x2 dx
= ∫
(1 / x2 ) + 1 dx ( ) t
1 − x2 1 + 3x2 + x 4
==−t. n  t + t2 − 1  + ∫
−t.log dt
((1 / x) − x ) ( x − (1 / x)) + 5
2
  t2 − 1
 1 
Put x – 1/x = t ;  1 +  dx = dt ==−t. n  t + t2 − 1  + t2 − 1 + C2
−t.log
 
 x2 
dt
I = −∫ − cot x n  cot x + cot2 x − 1  + cot2 x − 1 + C2
==
−cotxlog
t t2 + 5  

Put t2 + 5 =z 2 ⇒ 2t dt = 2z dz sinx
Example 7: Evaluate : ∫ sin3 x + cos3 xdx
 M a them a ti cs | 22.31

Sol: By taking cos3 x common from the denominator 1 m m

and then by putting tan x = t we can solve it.
= cosm x sinnx + Im−1,n−1 − Im,n
n n n
Integrand contains odd powers in sin x and cos x. So, ⇒ (m + n)I
= cosm x sinnx + mIm−1,n−1
m,n
put tan x = t.
1 sinx n
⇒I= ∫ cos3 x 1 + tan3 xdx Example 9: Evaluate : I = 
∫  x + 1 + x2  dx

tanx.sec2 x Sol: Simply putting x + 1 + x2 = t and integrating we
= ∫ 1 + tan x3
dx (put tan x = t)
can solve the given problem.

t 1 dt 1 t +1 Let x + 1 + x2 = t, then
= ∫1+ t 3
dt = −
3 ∫ 1 + t 3 ∫ t2 − t + 1
+ dt
 x  t
1 +  dx =
dt ⇒ dx = dt
 
1 1 (2t − 1) + 3  1 + x2  1 + x 2
= − log t + 1 + ∫ dt
3 6 t2 − t + 1
As 1 + x2 + x =t
1 1
= − log t + 1 + log t2 − t + 1 +
3 6 1 1 1 + x2 − x
= =
1 dt t 1 + x2 + x 1
2 t − (1 / 2) 2 + (3 / 4)
( ) 1 t2 + 1
⇒ 2 1 + x2 =t + =
1 1 t t
= − log t + 1 + log t2 − t + 1 +
3 6  t2 + 1  dt
Thus I = ∫ tn  
1 2  t − (1 / 2)   2t  t
tan−1   + C  
2 3  3 /2  1 n− 2 2 1 n n− 2 1  tn+1 tn−1 
2∫ 2∫
= t (t + 1)dt = (t +t )dt =  + +C
2  n + 1 n − 1 
1 1 − tanx + tan2 x 1  2 tanx − 1 
= log + tan−1  +C
6
(1 + tanx )
2
3  3  Where t =x + 1 + x2

Example 8: If Im,n = ∫ cosm x.cosnx dx, show that Example 10: Evaluate:
(m + n)I
= m,n cosm x sinnx + mIm−1,n−1 2sin3 ( x / 2 ) dx
I= ∫ for cos x > 0
Sol: By using integration by parts and by taking cosm x ( cos(x/ 2)) cos3 x + 3cos2 x + cos x
as the first term we can prove the given equation.
Integrating by parts, Sol: Here we can reduce the given fraction by using the
x x
sinnx formula sinx = 2sin cos and then by putting
Im,n = cosm x + 2 2
n cos x = t we can solve it.
m
n∫
cosm−1 x sinx sinnx dx

… (i) ( 2sin ( x / 2) cos ( x / 2) ) ( 2sin2 ( x / 2) ) dx
I= ∫
But cos(n-1)x=cos(nx-x) (2cos (x / 2))
2
cos3 x + 3cos2 x + cos x
= cosnx cos nx + sin nx sin x (1 − cos x)sinx dx
⇒ sinx sin nx = cos(n-1)x – cosnx cosx ... (ii)
= ∫
(1 + cos x) cos3 x + 3cos2 x + cos x
From (i) and (ii):
[Put cos x = t]
1
Im,n = cosm x sinnx +
n ( t − 1) dt
m
⇒I= ∫
cosm−1 x[cos(n − 1)x − cosnx cos x]dx (1 + t) t3 + 3t2 + t
n∫
2 2 . 3 2 | Indefinite Integration

(t 2
)
− 1 dt Example 12: Evaluate : I = ∫
dx
= ∫ (1 + t)2 t t + 3 + (1 / t)
1 + x2 + x + 2

Sol: We can reduce the given fraction as

(
t2 1 − (1 / t2 ) dt ) dx
= ∫ t(t2 + 2 t+ 1) t + (1 / t) + 3 ∫ and then by putting
( x + (1 / 2))
2
1+ + (7 / 4)
(1 − (1 / t )) dt 2
1 7 π π
= ∫ (t + (1 / t) + 2) =x+ tan θ : − < θ < ; and using appropriate
( t + (1 / t)) + 3 2 2 2 2
integration formula we can integrate the given fraction.
1 dx
Put t + +3 =z2 : z > 0 ; I=∫
t
1 + ( x + (1 / 2) ) + (7 / 4)
2

 1
Then  1 −  dt =
2zdz
 t2  1 7 π π
Put =
x+ tan θ : − < θ < ; then
2 2 2 2
2zdz dz z −1
⇒ I= ∫ (z2 − 1)z = 2∫
2
z −1
= log
z +1
+ Cc
=dx
7
sec2 θ d θ
2

cos x + sec x + 3 − 1 7 sec2 θdθ

⇒ I log + Cc ⇒ I= ∫ 2 1 + ( 7 / 2)sec θ
cos x + sec x + 3 + 1
7 dθ
2 ∫ cos θ cos θ + ( 7 / 2)
=
Example 11: Evaluate:
( )
(sinx − cos x) dx  1 1 
I= ∫ = ∫  cos θ − cos θ + ( dθ
7 / 2) 
(sinx + cos x) sinx cos x + sin2 x cos2 x 

dθ 7
Sol: Here by putting sin x + cos x = t we can integrate = log sec θ + tan θ − ∫ ; a=
the given fraction using the appropriate formula. a + cos θ 2

Let sin x + cos x = t = I log sec θ + tan θ − I 1 ….(i)

⇒ (cos x – sin x) dx =dt dθ

Where, I 1 = ∫ a + cos θ
Also, t2 =+
(sinx cosx)2 =
1 + 2sinx cos x
θ 1 − t2
t2 − 1 Put tan = t ; cos θ =
∴ sinx cos x = 2 1 + t2
2
dt
⇒ I = −∫ 2dt 1
(
t (t2 − 1) / 2 1 + (t2 − 1) / 2 )( ( )) I 1= ∫ 1 + t2 a +
((1 − t ) / (1 + t ))
2 2

dt t3dt dt
= −∫ = −2∫ = 2∫
t ((t2 − 1)(t2 + 1)) / 4 t4 t4 − 1 a(1 + t ) + 1 − t2
2

Put t 4 - 1 = z 2 : z > 0 2 dt
= ∫
a − 1 ( (a + 1) / (a − 1) ) + t2
1 2z dz dz
⇒ I = −2∫ = −∫
4 (z 2 + 1)z 1 + z2  a−1 
2 a−1
= tan−1  t  + Cc
a−1 a+1  a+1 
= − tan−1 z + Cc = − tan−1 t 4 − 1 + Cc  

2  a−1 θ
= − tan−1 (1 + sin2 x)2 − 1 + C
c = tan−1  tan  + Cc.…(ii)
 a+1 2 
a2 − 1 
= − tan−1 sin2 2 x + 2sin2 x + Cc From (i) and (ii), we get I.
 M a them a ti cs | 22.33

JEE Main/Boards

Exercise 1 Q.18 If f ' (x)= x −

1
and f(1) =
1
, find f(x).
x 2 2
sec x
Q.1 ∫ dx Q.19 For any natural number evaluate m
sec x + tanx

∫ (x )( )
1/m
  3m
1 2 1 + x2m + xm 2x2m + 3xm + 6 dx, x〉 0
Q.2 ∫  1 + − +5 + a dx
x
 1+x 2 2 
 1 − x x x2 − 1  x3 + 3x + 2
−1  sin2x   π π
Q.20 ∫ (x2 + 1)2 ( x + 1 )dx
Q.3 ∫ tan  1 + cos2x dx : x ∈  − 2 , 2 
dx
Q.4 ∫
1 + tanx
dx
Q.21 ∫ sinx + sec x
x + logsec x

2cos x − 3sinx cos2x

Q.5 ∫ 3cos x + 2sinxdx Q.22 ∫ sinx
dx : cos x > 0

2x − 1 x2 + 1(log(x2 + 1) − 2logx
Q.6 ∫ dx
x2 − x − 1
Q.23 ∫ x4
dx

dx sinx
Q.7 ∫ 1 − 3x − 5 − 3x
Q.24 ∫ sinx − cos x dx
2 x3 3
Q.8 ∫x e cos(ex )dx  1 2a − x 
−1
Q.25 ∫ x sin 
2 a
dx

sec2 (2 tan−1 x)  
Q.9 ∫ 1 + x2
dx
4
Q.26 ∫ sec x cosec2 xdx
dx
Q.10 ∫ (2sinx + 3cos x)2
dθ
Q.27 ∫ :a>b>0
( a + b cos θ )
3/5 3 2
Q.11 ∫ cos x sin xdx

logx dx
Q.12 ∫
2
dx Q.28 Evaluate ∫
x x x4 − 1

−1 x
Q.13 ∫ sin a+ x
dx : a > 0
Q.29 ∫
dx
sin3 x sin ( x + α )
x 2 + sin2x
Q.14 ∫e 1 + cos2x
dx dx
Q.30 ∫
Q.15 ∫
dx (1 + x ) x − x2
x 6 (logx ) + 7logx + 2
2
  cos8x − cos7x
Q.31 ∫ 1 + 2cos5x
dx
x2 + 1
Q.16 ∫ (x + 3)(x − 1)2 dx
x3 + 1
Q.32 ∫ dx
1 x ( x − 1)
3
Q.17 ∫ dx
1 − tanx
2 2 . 3 4 | Indefinite Integration

dx  x x
Q.33 ∫3 11
2n  sec + tan  + Cc
(C) 2log
2 2
sin x.cos x 
ex n 1 + sinx + Cc
(D) log
Q.34 Evaluate ∫ dx
e2x − 4
Sin2x
Q.5 ∫ dx is equal to
log x sin x + cos4 x
4
Q.35 Evaluate ∫ (1 + x)3 dx
(A) cot −1 (cot2 x) + Cc (B) − cot −1 (tan2 x) + Cc
f(x)
Q.36 Evaluate ∫ x3 − 1 dx , where f(x) is polynomial of (C) tan−1 (tan2 x) + Cc (D) − tan−1 (cos2x) + Cc
the second degree in x such that f(0) = f(1) = 3f(2) = −3 dθ
Q.6 The value of integral ∫ cos3 θ sin2θ
can be

Exercise 2 expressed as irrational function of tan θ as

Single Correct Choice Type 2 2 

(A)  tan θ + 5  tan θ + c
5  
3/2
 x 
Q.1 ∫  1 + x5  dx equals- (B)
2
5
(
tan2 θ + 5 ) tan θ + c

(A)
2 x5
+ Cc (B)
2 x
+ Cc
(C)
5
2
(
tan2 θ + 5 ) tan θ + c
5 1 + x5 5 1 + x5
2
( )
tan θ
2 1 (D) tan2 θ + 5 +c
(C) + Cc (D) None of these 5
5 1 + x5
dx
8 8
Q.7 ∫ a + bx2 a,b≠0 and a/b > 0
cos x − sin x
Q.2 dx equals-
1 − 2sin2 x cos2 x 1 b b b
(A) tan−1 x + c (B) tan−1 x +c
ab a a a
sin2x sin2x
(A) − +c (B) +c a a b
2 2 (C) tan−1 x +c (D) ab tan−1 x +c
b b a
cos2x cos2x
(C) + c (D) − +c
3 1 1 − x7
Q.8 ∫x dx equals
Q.3 Identify the correct expression ( 1 + x7 )
= =xx2 2log
(A) x ∫ logxdx
nxdx x22 +
nx −−x + Cc nx
(A) logx
22 7
(( ))
nn 11++xx7 ++cc (B) logx
nx++ log
77
nx nx
22
nn
− − log
44
(( ))
1 −1 x−7 x7+ c+ c

(B) xx∫∫log
nnxx=
dx xexx ++CCc
dx xe
=
x
nx
(C) logx
22
nx−− log
77
7
((
))
nn 11++xx7 ++cc (D) logx
nx
22
nx++ log
44
7
nn11−−xx7 ++cc (( ))
(C) x ∫ e =dx xex + Cx
cx

dx 1 x
(D) ∫= tan−1   + C
c log | x |
2
a +x 2 a a Q.9 ∫x 1 + log | x |
dx equal

Q.4 Primitive of 1 + 2 tanx ( sec x + tanx ) w.r.t. x is (A)

2
1 + log| x |(log | x | − 2) + c
3
n( sec
n
(A) log ( secxx++tanx
tanx) )++log
ncos
ncosxx++CC
c
2
(B) log ( sec
nn ( secx x++tanx
tanx) +) +log
nsec
nsecx x++CcC (B)
3
1 + log| x |(log | x | + 2) + c
 M a them a ti cs | 22.35

1
(C) 1 + log| x |(log | x | − 2) + c cot x − tanx
3 Q.15 ∫ dx equals
2(cos x + sinx)
(D) 2 1 + log| x |(3log | x | − 2) + c
(A) sec−1 (sin x + cos x ) +cC

xx44++11 BB (B) sec−1 (sin x − cos x ) + Cc

Q.10 If ∫ ∫ dx = = AAlog
dx nnxx++ ++cc ,
22 22
x(x
x(x ++1)1) 11++xx22
(C) log c
ln [(sinx + cos x) + sin2x ] + C
Where c is the constant of integration then:
(A) A=1; B=-1 (B) A=-1; B=1 (D) log
ln [(sinx − cos x) + sin2 x ] + c

(C) A=1; B=1 (D) A=-1; B=-1

x 3x Previous Years’ Questions

Q.11 ∫ 4 sin x cos cos dx equals
2 2

(A) cos
cos Xx −
1 1 (x2 − 1)dx
cos2 x + cos 3x + c Q.1 The value of ∫  (2006)
2 3
x3 2x 4 − 2x2 + 1
1 1
(B) cos
cos Xx − cos2 x − cos 3x + c
2 3 2 1 2 1
(A) 2 2 − + + c (B) 2 2 + + + Cc
2 4 2
1 1 x x x x4
(C)cos
cosXx + cos2 x + cos 3x + c
2 3
1 2 1
1 1 (C) 2− + + Cc (D) None of these
(D)cos
cosXx + cos2 x − cos 3x + c 2 x 2
x4
2 3

Q.12 ∫ sin x. cos x. cos 2x. cos 4x. cos 8x. cos16x dx 4ex + 6e− x
equals Q.2 If ∫ dx = Ax + B log (9e2x − 4) + Cc, then
9ex − 4e− x
sin16x cos32x A=……….., B=……… and C=……… (1989)
(A) + c (B) − +c
1024 1024
cos32x cos32x 1 sinx
(C) + c (D) − +c Q.3 Integrate or (1978)
1096 1096 1 − cot x sinx − cos x 

x
F(x) , then ∫ x3 f(x2 )dx is equal to
Q.13 If ∫ f(x) dx = Q.4 Integrate the curve  (1978)
1 + x4

(A)
1
2
( )
(F(x))2 − ∫ (f(x))2 dx (B)
1 2 2
2
(
x F(x ) − ∫ (f(x2 ) d(x2 ) ) Q.5 Integrate
sinx⋅ sin2 x⋅ sin3 x + sec2 x ⋅ cos2 2x + sin4 x ⋅ cos4 x. 
1  1 2   (1979)
(C)  F(x) − ∫ (F(x ) dx  (D) None of these
x2
2  2 
Q.6 Integrate  (1979)
(a + bx)2
4ex + 6e− x
Q.14 If ∫ Ax + B log (9e2x − 4) + C then
dx =
9ex − 4e− x
Q.7 Evaluate ∫( tanx + cot x)dx.  (1988)
A, B and C are
(x + 1)
3 36 3 Q.8 Evaluate ∫ dx.  (1996)
(A)=
A =,B =,C log 3 + cons tant x(1 + xex )2
2 35 2
3 35 −3 Q.9 Integrate the following  (1997)
(B)=
A =,B =,C log 3 + cons tant
2 36 2 1/2
 1− x  dx
3 35 3 ∫ 
(C) A =
− , B =, C = 1log 3 + cons tant  1+ x  x
2 36 2  
(D) None of these
2 2 . 3 6 | Indefinite Integration

sinxdx x+
1
Q.10 The value of 2 is  (2008) e x
 π  1
sin  x −  Q.14 The integral  1 + x −  dx is equal to  (2014)
 4  x
1 1
x+
(A) ( x + 1 )
 π  π x+
(A) x + log cos  x −  + c (B) x − log sin  x −  + c x + c (B) −xe x +c
 4   4 1
1 x+
(C) ( x − 1 )
x+
x + c (D) xe x +c
 π  π
(C) x + log sin  x −  + c (D) x − log sicos  x −  + c
 4  4
 dx
Q.15 The integral ∫ equals  (2015)
(x )
3/ 4
2 4
dy x +1
Q.11 If = y + 3 > 0 and y ( 0 ) = 2 , then y(log2) is
equal to  dx
1/ 4
(2011)  x4 + 1 
( )
1/ 4
(A)   + c (B) x 4 + 1 +c
(A) 5 (B) 13 (C) -2 (D) 7  x4 
 
1/ 4
 x4 + 1 
( )
1/ 4
Q.12 If the integral (C) − x + 1 4
+ c (D) −  4  +c
 x 
55tanx
tanx  
∫∫tanx
tanx−−22
dx xx++aalog
dx =
= nnsinx
sinx−−2cos
2cosxx ++kk
2x12 + 5x9
then a is equal to  (2012) Q.16 The integral ∫ dx is equal to  (2016)
(x )
3
5 3
(A) -1 (B) -2 (C) 1 (D) 2 + x +1

x10 x5
( )
Q.13 If ∫ f ( x ) dx = ψ ( x ) , then ∫ x5 f x3 dx is equal to (A)
( 5
2 x + x +1 3
)
2
+ c (B)
( 5
2 x + x +1 3
)
2
+c
 (2013)
1 3
3
3 2
( ) 3
(A)  x ψ x − ∫ x ψ x dx  + c 
 ( ) (C)
−x10
+ c (D)
−x5
+c
( ) ( )
2 2
2 x5 + x3 + 1 2 x5 + x3 + 1
(B)
1 3
3
( )
x ψ x3 − ∫ x2 ψ x3 dx + c( )
(C)
1 3
3
( )
x ψ x3 − ∫ x2 ψ x3 dx + c ( )
(D)
1 3
3 
( ) ( )
x ψ x3 − ∫ x2 ψ x3 dx  + c


JEE Advanced/Boards

Exercise 1
 x  x  e  x 
dx Q.4   +    logxdx
∫ nx dx
Q.1 (i) ∫ ;  e   x  
cot(x/ 2) ⋅ cot(9 x/ 3) ⋅ cot(x/ 6)  

cos(x − a)
tan(log x) tan(log(x / 2))tan(log2) Q.5 ∫ dx
(ii) ∫ dx sin(x + a)
x
dx
Q.2 ∫ x5 + 3x 4 − x3 + 8x2 − x + 8
(x − α ) (x − α )(x − β) Q.6 ∫ dx
x 2 +1

(
log log ( (1 + x) / (1 − x) ) ) dx Q.7 ∫
( x + 1)dx
Q.3 ∫ 1 − x2 x( 3 x + 1)
 M a them a ti cs | 22.37

−1 x cos2 x
Q.8 ∫ sin dx Q.23 ∫ dx
a+ x 1 + tanx

−1
xInx Q.24 ∫ log x.sin x dx
Q.9 ∫ dx
(x2 − 1)3/2
(x2 + 1)ex
Q.25 Evaluate ∫ (x + 1)2
dx
log6 6 ((sinx)6cos x ) cos x
Q.10 ∫ dx
sinx
esin z 3
Q.26 Evaluate ∫ cos2 x (x cos x − sin x)dx
 x2 + 1 log(x2 + 1) − 2logx  
Q.11    
∫ x 4  dx dx
  Q.27 Evaluate ∫
1 − 2x − x2
sinx
Q.12 If f(x) = the antiderivative of
sin2 x + 4 cos2 x dx
Q.28 ∫ dx
sec x + cosecx
 1   1  
 g ( x )  + c is then g (x) is equal to
−1
  tan  
 3  3   2x2 + 3x + 4dx
Q.29 Evaluate ∫
cot x dx dx
Q.13 ∫ Q.30 Evaluate ∫ x(xn + 1)
(1 − sinx)(sec x + 1)
cos x − sinx
3x2 + 1 Q.31 ∫ dx
Q.14 ∫ dx 7 − 9 sin2x
(x2 − 1)3
cot x − tanx
(ax2 − b)dx Q.32 ∫ dx
Q.15 ∫ 1 + 3sin2x
x c2 x2 − (ax2 + b)2
4x5 − 7x 4 + 8x3 − 2x2 + 4x − 7
Q.33 ∫ dx
m tan−1x x2 (x2 + 1)2
e
Q.16 Evaluate ∫ (1 + x2 )3/2 dx Q.34 ∫
dx
cos3 x − sin3 x

−1 x x2
Q.17 Evaluate ∫ sin a+ x
dx Q.35 ∫
(x cos x − sinx)(x sinx + cos x)
dx

Q.18 cos θ + sin θ

Q.36 ∫ cos2θ.In dθ
cos θ − sin θ
(e x
− e− x 
)cos  e

x
+ e− x
+
π
(
+ e
4
x
+ e− x
) cos  e x
− e− x
+
π

4
∫ dx
x Q.37 Match the columns
2
x +x
Q.19 ∫ dx
(e + x + 1)2
x
Column I Column II

 (x2 + 1) + x 4 + 1 
ecos x (x sin3 x + cos x) (A) ∫
x4 − 1
dx (p) log
In   ++Cc
Q.20 ∫ dx  x 
sin2 x x2 x 4 + x2 + 1  

5x 4 + 4x5 2
(B) ∫ x − 1 dx 1 1  x 4 x+41+−1 −2x2 x 
Q.21 ∫ dx (q) C C− − In
log  2 
2 2 In
  (x −21) 
(x5 + x + 1)2 x 1 + x4   (x − 1)  

a2 sin2 x + b2 cos2 x 1 + x2
Q.22 ∫ dx (C) ∫ dx (r) C − tan−1 

1+
1 
−1 
4 2 4 2
a sin x + b cos x (1 − x2 ) 1 + x 4  4
x 
 
2 2 . 3 8 | Indefinite Integration

Column I Column II sec x + tanx − 1

Q.5 ∫ dx equals
tanx − sec x + 1
1
(D) ∫ dx x 4 + x2 + 1
(s) +
+Cc
(1 + x )4
1+x −x4 2
x (A) log [(sec x + tan x)] + log sec x + c
(B) log [sec x-tan x] – log cos x + c
Exercise 2 (C) log (sec x + tan x) – log sec x + c
D) –log (sec x + tan x) + log cos x + c
Single Correct Choice Type

tan−1 x − cot −1 x (x2 − 3)

Q.1 If ∫ dx is equal to : Q.6 ∫ ex dx
−1 −1
tan x + cot x (x + 3)2
44 −1−1 22 x 6
(A) x tan
x tan x+x + log
n(1
n(1
++x2x)2−) −
x+ C Cc
x+ (A) ex ⋅ + Cc (B) ex (2 − ) + Cc
ππ ππ x+3 x+3
44 −1−1 22
(B) x tan
x tan x−x − log
n(1 + +x2x)2+) +x +
n(1 x+ c
CC 6 3
ππ ππ (C) ex (1 − ) + c (D)
C ex + Cc
x+3 x+3
44 −1−1 22
(C) x tan
x tan n(1+ +x2x)2+) +x x+ +CC
x x+ + log
n(1 c
ππ ππ
44 22 1 − cos x
(D) x tan −1−1
x tan n(1+ +x2x)2−) −x x+ +CcC
x x− − log
n(1 Q.7 ∫ dx where 0 < α < x < π, equals
ππ ππ cos α − cos x

 α x  cos(x/ 2) 
x2 − 4 2n  cos − cos  + c
(A) 2log (B) 2cos−1  +c
Q.2 ∫ dx equals  2 2   cos(α / 2) 
x 4 + 24x2 + 16
 αα xx  cos(x/ 2) 
 x2 + 4   x2 + 4  (C) 22 22log
nncos cos ++cc (D) −2sin1 
cos −−cos +c
1 1  22 22  cos(α / 2) 
(A) tan−1   + Cc (B) − cot −1   + Cc
4  4x  4  x 
   
3x 4 − 1
1  4x + 4  1 2 x +4 2 Q.8 Primitive of w.r.t. x is :
(C) − cot −1   + Cc (D) cot −1   + Cc (x 4 + x + 1)2
4  x  4  x 
   
x x
(A) + c (B) − +c
4 4
x + x +1 x + x +1
( x − 1)
2

Q.3 ∫ dx equals
x + 2x2 + 1
4 x +1 x +1
(C) + c (D) − +c
4 4
3 5 3 x + x +1 x + x +1
x x x +x +x+3
(A) +x+ + Cc (B) + Cc
3 2
x +1 3 x2 + 1 ( ) 3x 3x
Q.9 If ∫ e cos 4x dx= e (A sin 4x + B cos 4x) + c
x5 + 4x3 + 3x + 3 Then
(C) +C
c (D) None of these
(
3 x +1 2
) (A) 4A=3b (B) 2A=3B
(C) 3A=4B (D) 4B+3A=1
x4 − 4
Q.4 ∫ dx equals
x2 4 + x2 + x 4 pxp + 2q−1 − qxq−1
Q.10 The evaluation of ∫ dx is
x2p + 2q + 2xp + q + 1
4 + x2 + x 4
(A) c
+C (B) 4 + x2 + x 4 +Cc xp xq
x (A) − + Cc (B) + Cc
xp + q + 1 xp + q + 1
4 + x2 + x 4 4 + x2 + x 4
(C) + Cc (D) + Cc xq xp
2 2x (C) − + Cc (D) +C
c
xp + q + 1 xp + q + 1
 M a them a ti cs | 22.39

= g(x), then ∫ f −1 (x)dx is equal to −

Q.11 If ∫ f(x)dx ex e− x
Q.3 Let I =
∫ dx, J =
∫ dx
e4x + e2x + 1 e−4x + e−2x + 1
(A) g−1 (x) (B) xf −1 (x) − g(f −1 (x))
Then, for an arbitrary constant c, the value of J-l equals
−1 −1 −1
(C) xf (x)g (x) (D) f (x)  (2008)

1 e4x − e2x + 1 1 e2x + ex + 1

x (A) log + c   (B) log +c
Q.12 Primitive of 3 w.r.t x is − 2 e4x + e2x + 1 2 e2x − ex + 1
(x − 1)4
4

1 1 1 e2x − ex + 1 1 e4x + e2x + 1

3 1 3 3 1 3 (C) log + c   (D) log +c
2 e2x + ex + 1 2 e4x − e2x + 1
(A) 1 + 4  + Cc (B) −  1 + 4  + Cc
4 x −1 4 x −1
1 1 Q.4 ƒ(x) is the integral of
4 1 3 4 1 3
(C)  1 + 4  + Cc (D) − 3  1 + 4  + Cc 2sinx − sin2x
3 x −1  x −1 , x ≠ 0 find lim ƒ'(x).  (1979)
x3 x →0

Q.13 If ∫ eu . Sin 2x dx can be found in terms of known Q.5 Evaluate the following integrals  (1980)
functions of x then u can be :
(A) x (B) sin x (C) cos x (D) cos 2x
1  x2
(i) ∫ 1 + sin  x dx (ii) ∫ dx
2  1−x

Q.6 Evaluate ∫(elog x + sinx)cos x dx.  (1981)

Previous Years’ Questions
cos3 x + cos5 x (x − 1)ex
Q.1 The value of the integral ∫ dx is Q.7 Evaluate ∫ dx .  (1983)
2
sin x + sin x 4 (x + 1)3
 (1995) dx
−1
Q.8 Evaluate ∫ .  (1984)
(A) sinx − 6 tan (sinx) + c x (x + 1)3/ 4
2 4

(B) sinx − 2(sinx)−1 + c

1− x
(C) sinx − 2(sinx)−1 − 6 tan−1 (sinx) + c Q.9 ∫ dx.  (1985)
1+ x
(D) sinx − 2(sinx)−1 + 5 tan−1 (sinx) + c
sin−1 x − cos−1 x
x Q.10 Evaluate ∫ dx. (1986)
Q.2 Let ƒ(x)
= for n > 2 and sin−1 x + cos−1 x 
(1 + xn )1/n

g(x) fofo....of (x). Then, ∫ xn−2g(x)dx equals  (2007) (cos2x)1/2

  Q.11 Evaluate ∫ dx. (1987)
f occurs n times sinx 

1
1 1− Q.12 Find the indefinite integral
(A) (1 + nxn ) n + c
n(n − 1)
 1 log(1 + 6 x ) 
1 ∫ 3 x + 4 x
 +
3
x + x 
 dx  (1992)
1 1− 
(B) (1 + nxn ) n + c
n−1

1
1 1+
(C) (1 + nxn ) n + c
n(n + 1)

1
1 1−
(D) (1 + nxn ) n + c
n+1
 2 2 . 4 0 | Indefinite Integration

x3 + 3x + 2 sec2 x
Q.13 Integrate ∫ (x2 + 1)2 (x + 1) dx  (1999) Q.17 The integral ∫ 9
dx equals
( sec x + tanx ) 2

−1
 2x + 2  (for some arbitrary constant K)  (2012)
Q.14 Evaluate ∫ sin 
 2
 dx. 

(2000)
 4x + 8x + 13 
1 1 1 2
(A) −  − ( sec x + tanx )  + K
Q.15 For any natural number m, evaluate  (2002) ( sec x + tanx )
11
2 11 7 

∫(x3m + x2m + xm )(2x2m + 3xm + 6xm )1/m dx, x > 0. 1 1 1 2

(B)  − ( sec x + tanx )  + K
11 11 7
ex e− x ( sec x + tanx ) 2  
Q.16 Let I ∫=
= dx, J ∫ e−4x + e−2x + 1 dx .
e4x + e2x + 1 1 1 1 2
(C) −  + ( sec x + tanx )  + K
11 11 7
Then, for an arbitrary constant C, the value of J − I ( sec x + tanx ) 2  
equals  (2008)
1 1 1 2
1  e4x − e2x + 1  1  e2x + ex + 1  (D)  + ( sec x + tanx )  + K
(A) log  +c (B) log  +c ( sec x + tanx )
11
2 11 7 
2  e4x + e2x + 1  2  e2x − ex + 1 
 

1  ex − e− x − 1  1  e4x + e2x + 1 
(C) log  +c (D) log  +c
2  ex + e− x + 1 
  2  e4x − ex + 1 

MASTERJEE Essential Questions

JEE Main/Boards JEE Advanced/Boards

Exercise 1 Exercise 1
Q.14 Q.19 Q.23 Q.25 Q.3 Q.11 Q.18 Q.20

Q.29 Q.32 Q.35 Q.38 Q.30 Q.37 Q.38

Exercise 2 Exercise 2
Q.4 Q.10 Q.13 Q.15 Q.1 Q.5 Q.7 Q.10

Q.12
Previous Years’ Questions
Q.5 Q.7 Q.9 Previous Years’ Questions
Q.1 Q.2 Q.4 Q.10

Q.12
 M a them a ti cs | 22.41

Answer Key

1 1
JEE Main/Boards Q.17
2
x − log cos x − sinx + A
2

Exercise 1 x2 1
Q.18 ƒ(x)= + −1
Q.1 tan x – sec x + A 2 x

ax 1
Q.2 x + tan−1 x − 2sin−1 x + 5 sec−1 x + +A Q.19 (2x3m + 3x2m + 6xm )m+1/m
loga 6(m + 1)

x2 1 1 3 x
Q.3 +A Q.20 log(x2 + 1) − log(x + 1) + tan−1 x +
2 4 2 2 2
x +1

Q.4 log x + log(sec x) + A 1 3 +p

⇒
Q.21 log + tan−1 (q) + c
2 3 3 −p
Q.5 log 3cos x + 2sinx + A
1 2 + 1 − tan2 x
⇒ − log | cot x + cot2 x − 1 | +
Q.22 log +c
2 2 − 1 − tan2 x
Q.6 2 x2 − x − 1 + A
3
1 1  2   1  2
1  Q.23 −  1 +  log  1 + 2  −  + Cc
Q.7 (1 − 3x)3/2 + (5 − 3x)3/2  + A 3 x2    x  3
18  

1 3
1 1
Q.8 sin(ex ) + A Q.24 x + log sinx − cos x + Cc
3 2 2

Q.9
x
+ Cc x2 −1  1 2a − x  a2  1 x x x2 
2 Q.25 sin  + sin − 1− +c
1+ x 2 2 a  2  2a 2a 4a2 
 
1
Q.10 − +A
2(2 tanx + 3) 1
Q.26 tan3 x + 2 tanx − cot x + Cc
3
5 5
Q.11 − cos8/5 x + cos18/5 x + A
8 18 2  a−b 
=Q.27 tan−1  tan(θ / 2) + c1
a2 − b2  a + b 
− logx 1
Q.12 − +A
x x 1 1 1
=
Q.28 ∫ 2 dθ= θ + c= sec−1 (x2 ) + c
2 2
 x x
Q.13  tan−1  (a + x) − a + Cc −2
 a  a = cos α + cot x sin α + c
  Q.29
sin α
x
Q.14 e tanx + A
 x 1 
Q.30= 2  − +c
 1− x 1 − x 
Q.15 log 2logx + 1 − log 3logx + 2 + A 

1 1 1
2∫
Q.31= (cos 3x − cos 2x)dx = sin 3x − sin 2x + c
5 3 1 3 2
Q.16 log x + 3 + log x − 1 − +A
8 8 2(x − 1) 1 1
Q.32=− log | x | +2 log | x − 1 | + − +c
x − 1 (x − 1)2
2 2 . 4 2 | Indefinite Integration

3 3 1
Q.33 2logt − log(2t − 1) − c, where t = x + x2 − x + 1
+C
2 2 (2t − 1)

= log(ex + e2x − 4 ) − log 2 +=

Q.34 c log(ex + e2x − 4 ) + c'

1 log x 1 x 1
Q.35 I =
− + log + +c
2 (1 + x)2 2 1 + x 2(1 + x)

x2 + x + 1 2 2x + 1
Q.36 log + tan−1 +c
x −1 3 3

Exercise 2
Single Correct Choice Type

Q.1 A Q.2 B Q.3 C Q.4 B Q.5 C Q.6 C

Q.7 A Q.8 C Q.9 A Q.10 C Q.11 B Q.12 B

Q.13 B Q.14 D Q.15 A

Previous Years’ Questions

3 35 1 x
Q.1 C Q.2 A =
− , B= and C ∈ R Q.3 log(sinx − cos x) + + c
and
2 36 2 2

1 cos 4x cos2x cos6x 3x sin 4x sin8x

Q.4 tan−1 (x2 ) + c Q.5 − − + + sin2x + tanx − 2x + − +
2 16 8 24 128 128 1024

1  a2   tanx − cot x 
Q.6  a + bx − 2alog(a+ bx) − + c  Q.7 2 tan−1  +c
b3  a + bx 


 2 


dt xex x
xe 11
Q.8 ∫ 2 = ln
logn ++ ++cc Q.9 2[cos−1 x − log| 1 + 1 − x | − 1 log| x |] + c
xx xx
t (t − 1) 11++xexe 11++xe xe 2

Q.10 C Q.11 D Q.12 D Q.13 C Q.14 D Q.15 D

Q.16 A

JEE Advanced/Boards

Exercise 1
 
 x   x   x   

 n sec xx   x
3ln sec x   x
6ln sec x   sec(logx)  − x tan log | 2 | + c
22n2nsec
Q.1 (i) 2log  sec
 − −
 −
3ln
3log
3ln sec
sec
 2     3 − −
 −
6ln
6log
6ln sec
sec
 3     6 + +

C
 6 
+
C C
+ c (ii) log
 2 2 3 6   x  
       sec  log  
  2
 M a them a ti cs | 22.43

x x
−2 x −β 11++xx 111+++xxx 111+++xxx  1 + x  x e
Q.2 ⋅ ++Cc nn
Q.3 log nnn
log  ––log
nnn
 –+nc   Q.4   −   ++Cc
α −β x −α 11−−xx 111−−−xxx 111−−−xxx  1 − x  e x

 cos x x 
 cos
Q.5 cos
cosa.arc
a.arccos
cos  − sina
− sina .nnsinx
. log  sinx 2 2
 + + sinsinx −x sin
2 2 
− sin + Cc
a a+ C
cosa
cosa   

x 4x 4 3 3 2 2 11 2 2 −1
tt44 tt22 11 2 −1 

Q.6 + x+ x− x− x+ 5x n(x
n(x+ 1)
+ + log
+ 5x + 1) + 3tan−x1 +x +
+ 3tan C
+Cc Q.7 66 −− ++tt++ log n(1++tt2))−−tan
n(1 tan−1tt ++CC where
where tt =
=xx1/6
1/6
44 22
 44 22 22 
+ c where t =x1/6

 x  logx
Q.8 (a + x)tan−1  − ax  + c Q.9 sec−1 x − +c
 a  x2 − 1

3/2
1  log2 (sinx)  x  1 1   1  2
Q.10  + log  tan + cos x   + c Q.11 – 1 + 2  log  1 + 2  –  + c
6  log36  2   3 x    x  3

dt 1 sec x 1 1 x x 1 1 2 x2 x x x
∫ f(x)dx
Q.12 = ∫= tan−1 +c Q.13 ln tan
ln tan+ +tantan
log + tan
+ tan+ C+ Cc
t2 + 3 3 3 2 2 2 24 4 2 2 2 2

x  ax2 + b 
Q.14
C− + C Q.15 sin−1  +k
(x2 − 1)2  cx 
 
−1 x −1
em tan  1 x  em tan x (m + x)
Q.16 1
= m ⋅ + = +c +c
m2 + 1  x2 + 1

x2 + 1  (m2 + 1) x2 + 1

 −1 x  a + x  x
=Q.17 a tan


a a 
− +c
a  (
Q.182 2 cos (e− x
)(
) sin(e x ) + cos (e x
) c
) +C

 x +1  1
Q.19 −log
− ln  + 1 − + Cc Q.20C − ecos x (x + cosec x) + c
x
 e   x + 1 + 1
 x 
 e 
x +1 x5 1   a2 tanx  
Q.21 C − or C
c+ Q.22  x + tan−1    + Cc
5
x + x +1 x
x + x +1 a + b 
2 2  b2  
 

1 1 x x1 1  1 − 1 − x2 
Q.23 log
ln(cos
ln(cos
x +xsinx)
+ sinx)
+ ++ +(sin2x
(sin2x
+ cos2x)
+ cos2x) c
+ C+ C Q.24 (xlogx − x)Sin−1 x + 1 − x2 logx − log   + Cc
4 4 2 28 8  x 
 

 x −1   1 
= ex f(x)=
Q.25 + c ex  +c = ez f(z) +=
Q.26 c ez  sin−1 z − c esin x (x − sec x) + c
 +=
 x +1  
 1 − z2 

−1  1 + x  1 1  11   
 x x π π
=Q.27 sin   + c Q.28 sinx
sinx− −
cos
cos
x−x − log
nntan
tan
  + +  + +C C c
 2  2 2  22 2 2 8 8
  

 2x2 + 3x + 4 
4x + 3 23 4x + 3
Q.29 I
= 2x2 + 3x + 4 + log  +  +c
8 16 2  4 2 
 
 2 2 . 4 4 | Indefinite Integration

1 z −1 1 xn 11 (4(4++3sinx
3sinx++3cos
3cosx)x)
=Q.30 log = +c log + c Q.31 n
n
log ++CCc
n z n n
x +1 24
24 44−−3sinx
3sinx−−3cos
3cosx)x)

−1
 2 sin2x  7 6x
Q.32 tan   + Cc Q.33 4logx
4nx + + 6 tan−1 (x) + + Cc
 sinx + cos x  x 1 + x2
 
22 −1−1 11 22++sinx
sinx++cos
cosxx x sinx + cos x
Q.34 tan (sinx
tan (sinx++cos
cosx)x)++ nn
log ++CC
c Q.35 log
n +c
33 33 22 22−−sinx
sinx−−cos
cosxx x cos x − sinx

1 11  cos
 cos θ+ + sin
θ sin θ θ  1 11 2
Q.36 (sin2
(sin2 ))nn  cos θ + sin θ− −−n(sec
θ)θlog
n n(sec
2θ2)2θ+θ) )C
++CcC = +c Q.37 A → s; B → p; C → q; D → r
2 22
(sin2 θ
cos
 
cosθ θ
− − sin
sin θ θ  2 2 logn(sec
cos2θ
  cos θ − sin θ  2

Exercise 2
Q.1 D Q.2 A Q.3 D Q.4 A Q.5 A Q.6 C Q.7 B

Q.8 B Q.9 C Q.10 C Q.11 B Q.12 B Q.13 A

Previous Years’ Questions

Q.1 C Q.2 A Q.3 C Q.4 1

x x  2 1 
Q.5 (i) 4 sin − 4 cos + c (ii) −2  1 − x − (1 − x)3/2 + (1 − x)5/2  + c
4 4  2 5 

cos2x ex (x 4 + 1)1/ 4
Q.6 x sinx + cos x − +c Q.7 +c Q.8 − +c
4 (x + 1)2 x

2
Q.9 −2 1 − x + cos−1 x + x(1 − x) + c Q.10 [ x − x2 − (1 − 2x)sin−1 x ] − x + c
π

1 2 + 1 − tan2 x
Q.11 − log| cot x + cot2 x − 1 | + log +c
2 2 − 1 − tan2x

Q.12 3 x2/3 − 12 x7/12 − 4 x1/2 − 12 x5/12 + 1 x1/3 − 4x1/ 4 − 7x1/6 − 12x1/12 + (2x1/2 − 3x1/3
2 7 3 5 2
−6x + 11)ln(1 + x ) + 12ln(1 + x1/2 ) − 3[ln(1 + x1/6 )]2 + c
1/6 1/6
−6x1/6 +11)log(1 + x1/6) + 12log(1 + x1/2)−3[log(1 + 1/6)]2 + c

1 1 3 x  2x + 2  3
Q.13 − log| x + 1 | + log| x2 + 1 | + tan−1 x + + c Q.14 (x + 1)tan−1  2
 − log(4x + 8x + 13) + c
2 4 2 2
x +1  3  4

1
Q.15 ⋅ (2x3m + 3x2m + 6xm )(m+1)/m + c Q.16 C Q.17 C
6(m + 1)
 M a them a ti cs | 22.45

Solutions

JEE Main/Boards ⇒ (2x – 1)dx = dt

1
dt – 2
Exercise 1 ∫ t
= ∫ t 2 dt = 2 t + c = 2 x – x – 1 + c

sec x sec x(sec x − tanx) dx

Sol 1: ∫ sec x + tanx dx = ∫ sec2 x − tan2 x
dx Sol 7: ∫ 1 − 3x − 5 − 3x
= ∫ (sec2 x − sec x tanx)dx = tanx – secx + C
1 − 3x + 5 − 3x
= ∫ (–4)
dx

  1 1
1 + 1 – 2 1 x = – ∫ 1 − 3xdx – ∫ 5 − 3xdx
Sol 2: ∫  1 + x2 2
+ 5
2
+ a

dx
4 4
 1 − x | x | x − 1 
1 2
( ) 1 2
( )
3/2 3/2
dx 2dx dx = × 1 – 3x + × 5 − 3x
+ ∫ ax dx 12 3 12 3
= ∫ dx + ∫ 1 + x2 – ∫ 2
+ 5∫
2
1−x | x | x −1
1 
( 1 − 3x ) + (5 − 3x )  + c
3/2 3/2
=  
ax 18 
= x + tan–1x – 2sin–1x + 5sec–1x + +c
loga
2 x3 3
Sol 8: ∫x e cos(ex )dx
sin2x
Sol 3: = tanx 3
ex = t ⇒
3
3x2ex dx = dt
1 + cos2x
1 1 1 3
 sin2x 
−1 \ ∫ cos tdt = sint + c = sinex + c
∫ tan  1 + cos2x  dx =
−1
∫ tan tanxdx 3 3 3

x2 sec2 (2 tan−1 x)
= ∫ xdx = 2
+c Sol 9: ∫ dx
1 + x2
1 + tanx 2
2tan–1x = t ⇒ dx = dt
Sol 4: ∫ x + logsec x dx 1 + x2

Put x + logsecx = t 1 1 1
∫ sec2 tdt = tant + c = tan(2 tan−1 x) + c
2 2 2
 1 
⇒ 1 + sec x tanx  dx =
dt
 sec x  1 2 tan(tan−1 x) x
= +c = +c
2 1 + tan (tan x)
2 −1
1 + x2
dt
∴∫ = logt + c = log(x + logsecx) + c
t
dx sec2 x
Sol 5: Put 3cosx + 2sinx = t
Sol 10: ∫ (2sinx + 3cos x)2 = ∫ (2 tanx + 3)dx
dt Put 2tanx + 3 = t ⇒ 2sec2x dx = dt
–3sinx + 2cosx =
dx
1 dt 1 1 1
2 ∫ t2
dt ∴ = – +c = – × +c
∴I = ∫ t = logt = log(3cosx + 2sinx) 2t 2 (2 tanx + 3)

3/5
2x − 1 Sol 11: ∫ cos x sin3 xdx
Sol 6: ∫ dx
x2 − x − 1 3/5
x(1 – cos2 x)sinxdx
= ∫ cos
Put x2 – x – 1= t
2 2 . 4 6 | Indefinite Integration

∫ ( cos )
3/5
= x – cos13/5 x sinxdx  x x
=  tan−1  (a + x) − a +c
 a  a
Put cosx = t; –sinxdx = dt  

∫ (t )
13/5 5 18/5 5 8/5
= – t3/5 dt = t – t +c  2 + sin2x 
x
18 8 Sol 14: ∫e  dx
 1 + cos2x 
5 5
= (cos x)18/5 – (cos x)8/5 + c 1 + cos2x = 2cos2x
18 8
2 + sin2x = 2 + 2sinx cosx
logx
Sol 12: ∫ x2
dx  2 + 2sinx cos x 
⇒ ∫ ex  x
(sec2 x + tanx)dx
 2cos2 x
 =

∫e
1  dlogx 1 
logx ∫ dx – ∫  ∫ dx  dx
x2
 dx x 2
 tanx = t ⇒ sec2xdx = dt
x
 1 1  1
= (logx)  –  – ∫ ×  –  dx + c
∴This is of form ∫e (f(x) + f '(x)dx = exf(x)
 x x  x ∴I = extanx + c
1 1 1
= – logx + ∫ dx + c = – (logx + 1) + c dx
x 2 x
x Sol 15: ∫ x[6(logx)2 + 7logx + 2]
−1 x
Sol 13: ∫ sin a+ x
dx , a > 0 1
logx = t; dx = dt
x
x = atan2θ ⇒ dx = 2atanqsec2qdq dt dt
∫ (6t2 + 7t + 2) = ∫ (6t2 + 3t + 4t + 2)
−1 atan2 θ
∫ sin asec2 θ
2a tanθ sec2θ dq dt  3 2 
= ∫ (3t + 2)(2t + 1) =– ∫  (3t + 2) – (2t + 1)  dt
= 2a∫ (sin−1 sin θ)tan θ sec2 θ dθ
1 1
tanθ = t ⇒ sec2qdθ = dt = –3 ∫ dt + 2∫ dt
3t + 2 2t + 1
= 2a∫ t tan−1 tdt
1 22
= – 3 log(3t + 2) + log
n(2t+ +
n(2t 1)1)+ +c c
 1 1  3 22
= 2a tan−1 t ∫ tdt – ∫ × t2dt 
 2 1+t 2
 2  2t + 1  2  2logx + 1 
=  + cc = log
n(2t + 1) n(2t + 1) + c  + c
 
2  3t + 2  2  3logx + 2 
t2 1
= 2a (tan–1 t) – t − tan−1 t   + c
 2 2    = log | 2log x + 1| – log | 3 log x + 2 | + c

1 1 
= at2tan–1t +  tan−1 t – t  2a + c
2 2  x2 + 1
Sol 16: ∫ (x + 3)(x – 1)2 dx
x
\t = tanθ = 5 1 3 1 1
a ∫ 8 × (x + 3) dx + ∫ 8(x − 1) dx + 2 ∫ (x – 1)2 dx
I=

x x 1 x 1 x 5 55 3 33 1 11
∴I = a tan−1 +  tan−1 –  2a + c = n(x
log
n(x +3)
+ +3)
n(x n(x
+ ++ n(x
3) log – –1)
n(x –1)
– ––
1) + +c+cc
a a  2 a 2 a  8
8 8 8
8 8 2(x – –1)
2(x2(x –1)
1)
1
−1 x 1 x 1 x Sol 17: ∫ (1 − tanx ) dx
= x tan +  tan−1 –  2a + c
a  2 a 2 a 
Put tanx = t ⇒ sec2xdx = dt
x x x
= xtan–1 a + atan
–1
a –a a +c dt dt
or dx = =
2
1 + tan x 1 + t2
 M a them a ti cs | 22.47

1 2
2∫
= (cos2θ + 1)dθ + tan–1x
∴I = ∫ (1 – t)(1 + t2 ) dt
1 1 1 t +1 1 11 1 −1 −1  
=  tan + x+2x)2–) tan
tan (1(1
−1
– tan−x1 −x −log
n(x + 1)
n(x  + c+ c
+ 1)
= ∫
2 (1 – t)
dt + ∫
2 t2 + 1
dt 2 22 2  

1 11 1 1 −1−1 11 −1−1 2 11 −1−1 11

= – 1log n(1+ +t2t)2+) + tan = tan (1(1++xx2) )–– tan
tan tan xx–– log
n(x
n(x++1)1)++cc
n(1––t)t) + log
n(1 n(1 tan t +t +c c 44 22 22
22 44 22

1 11    1 11   1 11 2 2 2 x xx
= nn
log n 
 + ++nlog
n
 1 1+1+tan
n +tan
tanx x+x+++ +c+cc
2 22  1 1−1−tanx
tanx  2 22 2 22 1
 − tanx  Sol 21: I = ∫ sin x + sec x dx
1 1   sec secxx  xx
nn
= log  + + + +c c
2 2  1 1− −tanx
tanx  2 2 2 cos x (cos x + sin x) + (cos x − sin x)
⇒ ∫ 2 + 2 sin x cos x dx =
∫ 2 + sin 2x
dx
x x 11
= – – log
nn
| cos
| cos
x –x –
sinx
sinx| +| c+c
22 22 cos x + sin x cos x − sin x
⇒ ∫ 2 + 2 sin x
dx + ∫
2 + 2 sin 2x
dx
1
Sol 18: f’(x) = x –
x2 1
⇒ ∫ 2 + [1 − (sin x + cos x)2 ] × d(sin x − cos x)
 1  x2 1
f(x) = ∫ f '(x)dx
= ∫  x2 
 x −  dx = + +c
2 x 1
1 1
+ ∫ 2 + [(sin x + cos x)2 − 1] × d(sin x + cos x)
f(1) = + 1 + c = ⇒ c = –1
2 2
1
x2 1 ⇒ ∫( × d(sin x − cos x)
∴f(x) = + –1 3) − (sin x − cos x)2
2
2 x
1
Sol 19: ∫ (x3m + x2m + xm )(2x2m + 3xm + 6)1/mdx + ∫ (1)2 + (sin x + cos x)2 × d(sin x + cos x)
Put xm = t and integrate.
1 1
x3 + 3x + 2 ⇒ ∫( 2
3) − p 2
dp + ∫
1 + q2
2
dq
Sol 20: ∫ (x2 + 1)2 (x + 1) dx

x3 + 3x + 2 = x3 + x + 2x + 2 1 3 +p
⇒ log + tan−1 (q) + c
= x(x2 + 1) + 2(x + 1) 2 3 3 −p

x(x2 + 1) + 2(x + 1) Where p =

sin x − cos x & q =
sin x + cos x
I= ∫ (x2 + 1)2 (x + 1) dx
x 1
= ∫ + 2∫ dx
2
(x + 1)(x + 1) (1 + x2 )2 Sol 22:
2
(x + 1) − 1  1  cos 2x cos2 x − sin2 x
= ∫ (x2 + 1)(x + 1) dx + 2∫  1 + x2  dx =I ∫ =
sin x
dx ∫ =
sin2 x
dx ∫ cot2 x − 1dx

On putting
1 dx 1
= 2∫ dx – ∫ +∫ dx cot x= sec θ & − cosec2 dx= sec θ tan θ dθ
(1 + x2 )2 (x2 + 1)(x + 1) (1 + x2 )

Put x = tanq sec θ tan θ

We =
get, I ∫ sec2 θ − 1 × dθ
dx = sec2qdq − cosec2 x
sec θ tan2 θ
2
sec θ 1  (x − 1) 1  −∫
= dθ
= 2∫ dθ + tan−1 x + ∫  − dx 1 + sec2 θ
4
sec θ 2  (1 + x ) x + 1 
2
 2 2 . 4 8 | Indefinite Integration

(cosx + sinx)dx = dt
sin2 θ 1 − cos2 θ
= −∫ dθ = − ∫ dθ
cos θ + cos3 θ cos θ(1 + cos2 θ) 1 1
⇒ x + log(sinx − cos x) + c
2 2
(1 + cos2 θ) − 2 cos2 θ cos θ ∴ 1 1
= ∫ cos θ(1 + cos θ) 2
= − ∫ sec θdθ + 2∫
2
1 + cos θ
dθ
∫ t ∫=
dt =
t
dtlogt
nt=
= nt=n(sinx
n(sinx
log – cos
– cos
x) x)

d(sin θ) −1
 1 2a − x 
⇒ − ∫ sec θdθ + 2∫
2
1 + cos θ
Sol 25: ∫ x sin  .
2 a
dx

 
d(sin θ)  1 2a − x  
⇒ − ∫ sec θ dθ + 2∫    dsin−1  
2 − sin2 θ −1 1 2a − x 2 a
sin  .  ∫ xdx − ∫   xdx  dx
∫
2 a   dx  
1 2 + sin θ     
⇒ − log | sec θ + tan θ | +2 × log +c   
2 2 − sin θ
x2  1 2a − x 
⇒ sin−1  
1 2 + 1 − cos2 θ 2 2 a 
⇒ − log | sec θ + sec2 θ − 1 | + log +c  
2 2 − 1 − cos2 θ  
 
2
x 1 1 –1 
1 2 + 1 − tan2 x – ∫ × × ×  dx
− log | cot x + cot2 x − 1 | +
⇒
2
log +c
 2  2a − x  2a 2 2a − x 
1−
2 − 1 − tan2 x   
  4a2  

x2  1 2a − x 
Sol 23: ∫
(
x2 + 1 log(x2 + 1) – logx2 )dx ⇒
2
sin−1 
2
 a



x4
2a x2 1
 1  1 
+
8a ∫ ×
2a – x
dx
 1 + 2 log  1 + 2   4a2 – 2a + x
 x  x  
=∫ dx
x3
1
1+
1 2
= t ⇒ – dx = dt
Sol 26: ∫ cos4x sin2 x dx
2
x x3
1 1 t3/2 1 t3/2  (sin2 x + cos2 x)2
– ∫ t logtdt – (logt)
=
2 2  3/2
–∫ × dt 
t 3 / 2 
∫ sin2 x cos4 x
dx

1 2 2 1/2   sin4 x + cos4 x + 2sin2 x cos2 x 

=
2 3
3/2
 – (log)t + ∫ t dt 
3
= ∫  sin2 x cos4 x
 dx

  

   sin2 x 1 2 
1 2 
3/2 3/2
1  1 4 1 
= – log  1 +  1 +  +  1 +  + c   = ∫  cos4 x + sin2 x + cos2 x  dx
2 3  x2   x2  9 x2    
  
2
1 1
3/2
  1  2 = ∫ tan x sec2 xdx + ∫ cosec2 xdx + 2∫ sec2 xdx
= – 1 +  log  1 + 2  –  + c
3 x2    x  3 tan3 x
= – cotx + 2tanx + c
3
sinx
Sol 24: ∫ sinx − cos x dx 1
Sol 27: I
= ∫ (a + b cos θ)2 dθ
1 sinx − cos x + sinx + cos x 1 1 dt
2∫
= dx = ∫ 1dx + ∫
(sinx − cos x) 2 2 t sin θ
Let P =
(a + b cos θ)
Put sinx – cosx = t
 M a them a ti cs | 22.49

dP (a + b cos θ)cos θ − sin θ(0 − b sin θ) sec θ tan θ sec θ tan θ

= =dx = dθ dθ
dθ (a + b cos θ)2 2x 2 sec θ
Now, from (i)
a cos θ + b(cos2 θ + sin2 θ) a cos θ + b  
= dx  1  sec θ ⋅ tan θdθ
(a + b cos θ)2 =
(a + b cos θ)2 ∫ 4 ∫ 2  2 sec θ
x x −1  sec θ sec θ − 1 
Y −a
Let a + b cos θ= Y ⇒ cos θ=  1  sec θ tan θ
= b ∫  
 sec θ ⋅ tan θ  2 sec θ
dθ
 Y −a  
a +b
dP  b  aY + b2 − a2 1 1 1
sec−1 (x2 ) + c
= =
dθ  2
= ∫ 2 dθ= 2
θ + c=
2
 Y − a  bY 2
 a + b  
  b 
dx
Sol 29: I = ∫
dP a  1   b2 − a2  1 sin3 x sin (x + α )
⇒ =  + 
dθ b  Y   b  Y 2
1
= ∫ 3
dx
2 sin x[sin x cos α + sin α cos x]
dP a  1   b2 − a2  1 
⇒=  + 
dθ b  a + b cos θ   b   a + b cos θ  1
 = ∫ 4
sin x(cos α + cot x sin α )
dx
Integrating,

a 1 b2 − a2 1 1 1
∫ b ∫ (a + b cos θ) sin α ∫ cos α + cot x sin α
=P dθ + dθ =− d(cos α + cot x sin α )
b a + b cos θ

−(b2 − a2 ) 1 a 1 1 1
⇒
b ∫ (a +=
b cos θ)2
dθ
b ∫ a + b cos θ
dθ − P =−
sin α ∫ t
dt ; where t = cos α + cot x sin α

1 b a 1  −2
⇒ ∫
2  b ∫ a + b cos θ
= dθ dθ =
− P cos α + cot x sin α + c
2 2
(a + b cos θ) (a − b )   sin α

b a sin θ  1
=  I1 −
b (a b cos )
+c Sol 30: I = ∫ dx
a − b2
2
 + θ  (1 + x ) x − x2

1 put x= sin2 θ & dx= 2sin θ cos θ dθ

Where I1
= ∫ a + b cos θdθ
2sin θ cos θdθ 1 − sin θ
⇒ I
= ∫ 2
= 2∫
4 cos2 θ
dθ
2  a−b  (1 + sin θ) sin θ − sin θ
tan−1  tan(θ / 2) + c1
a2 − b2  a + b 
 x 1 
=
⇒ 2(tan θ − sec θ) + c = 2  − +c
 1− x 1 − x 

Sol 28: [Here, x4 =
−1 (x2 )2 − 1 , which is of the form,
cos 8x − cos 7x
x2 − a2 hence substitution x = sec θ may be tried]
2 Sol 31: I = ∫ 1 + 2 cos 5x
dx

dx dx 5x 5x
Now, ∫ = ∫  …(i) 1
2sin
2
cos 8x − 2 sin cos 7x
2
x x4 − 1 x (x2 )2 − 1 = ∫ dx
2 5x 5x
sin + 2 cos 5x sin
Let x2= sec θ, then 2x dx= sec θ tan θ dθ 2 2
 2 2 . 5 0 | Indefinite Integration

 21x 11x   19x sin 9x  Sol 34: [Here e2x − 4 =− (ex )2 − 22 , which is of the
 sin − sin  −  sin − 
1  2 2   2 2 
= ∫ form x2 − a2 , hence substitution= ex 2sec θ may be
2 15 x
sin tried]
2
ex ex
15x 15x Now, ∫ dx = ∫ dx …(i)
2sin cos 3x − 2sin cos 2x e2x − 4 (ex )2 − 22
1 2 2
= ∫ dx
2 15 x
sin ex 2 sec θ, then ex=
Let = dx 2sec θ tan θdθ
2
1 1 1 Now from (i),
= ∫ (cos 3x − cos 2x)dx = sin 3x − sin 2x + c
2 3 2 ex 2sec θ tan θ 2sec θ tan θ
∫ 2x dx
= ∫ = dθ ∫ 2 tan θ
dθ
e −4 4 sec2 θ − 4
x3 + 1
Sol 32: I = ∫ x(x − 1)3 dx = ∫ sec θ=
dθ log | sec θ + tan θ | +c  …..(ii)

x3 + 1 A B C D ex
=+ + + ex 2 sec θ
 = ∴ sec
= θ
x(x − 1)3 x x − 1 (x − 1)2
(x − 1)3 2

put x =1 ⇒ D =2 e2x e2x − 4

∴ tan=
θ sec2 θ −=
1 1
−=
4 2
put x =
0 ⇒ A=
−1

put x =
−1 & x =
2 ⇒ B=
2 & c=
1 ex ex e2x − 4
From (ii), ∫ dx =
log
2
+
2
+c
−1 2 1 2 22x − 4
∴=I ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx
x x −1 (x − 1)2 (x − 1)3  ex + e2x − 4 
= log  +c [ ex + e2x − 4 > 0]
1 1  2 
=− log | x | +2 log | x − 1 | + − +c  
x − 1 (x − 1)2
= log(ex + e2x − 4 ) − log 2 +=
c log(ex + e2x − 4 ) + c'
1
Sol 33: I = ∫ 2
dx
 1   1 
x + x − x +1
2  ∫
Sol 35:
= I (log x) ⋅  − − −  dx
2 
 2(1 + x)   2(1 + x) x 
put t = x + x2 − x + 1 [Taking u = log x]
t2 − 1 2t2 − 2t + 2 1 log x 1 dx
⇒ x
= = and dx dt =− ⋅ + ∫ ….(i)
2t − 1 (2t − 1)2 2 (1 + x)2 2 x(1 + x)2

t2 − t + 1 1 1+x−x 1 1
⇒ 2∫
I= dt Now, = = −
t(2t − 1)2 x(1 + x)2
x(1 + x)2 x(1 + x) (1 + x)2
t2 − t + 1
A B C
let =+ + 1+x−x 1 1 1 1
t(2t − 1) t 2t − 1 (2t − 1)2
2 = − =− −
x(1 + x) (1 + x)2 x 1 + x (1 + x)2
Solving by partial fraction method, we get
dx 1 1 1 
A = 1, C =
3
and B = −
3 ∴ ∫ x(1 + x)2 =∫  x − 1 + x − (1 + x)2 dx
2 2  

3 3 1 1 x 1
=I 2 log t − log (2t − 1) − +c = log x − log(1 + x) + = log +
2 2 (2t − 1) 1+x 1+x 1+x

where t = x + x2 − x + 1 [Here x > 0 a log x occurs in the integrand]

1 log x 1 x 1
∴ From (i), I =
− + log + +c
2 (1 + x)2 2 1 + x 2(1 + x)
 M a them a ti cs | 22.51

Sol 36: Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c Exercise 2

f(0) = c = –3
Single Correct Choice Type
f(1) = a + b + c = – 3
∴ 3/2
or a + b = 0 a = 1, b = –1  x 
f(2) = 4a + 2b + c = – 1
Sol 1: (A) ∫  1 + x5  dx

or 4a + 2b = 2 3/2
x x −6
∴f(x) = x – x – 3
2 ∫ 3/2
dx = ∫ 3/2
dx
15/2  1   1 
x 1 + 5  1 + 5 
x2 − x − 3 x(x − 1) 3  x   x 
∫ dx = ∫ dx – ∫ dx
x3 – 1 (x − 1)(x2 + x + 1) (x3 − 1) 1
Put 1 + =t
x5
x 3
= ∫ (x2 + x + 1) dx – ∫ (x3 − 1) dx ⇒ –5x–6dx = dt or x–6dx = –
1
dt
5
  1 dt 1 1
  ∴I= – ∫
5 t 3/2
– × (–2)
=
5 t
+c
1 2x + 1 dx  3
∫ dx – ∫ –∫ dx
2  (x + x + 1)
2 2
 
2  (x 3
− 1)
  1  3  2 1 2 x5
  x +  +  
  ∴I= +c= +c
 2   2   5 5 1 + x5
 1
1+
1 x5
xx++ 1
11 2 11 2 2 −1 22
= log n(x
n(x2++xx++1)1)–– ×× tan tan−1 (sin8 x − cos8 x)
22 22 33 33 Sol 2: (B) − ∫ dx
22 1 − 2sin2 x cos2 x
 1 x+2 
– ∫  −  dx (sin2 x − cos2 x)(sin2 x + cos2 x)(sin4 x + cos4 x)
 x − 1 (x + x + 1) 
2 = –∫ dx
1 − 2sin2 x cos2 x
(sin2 x − cos2 x) (sin2 x + cos2 x)2 − 2sin2 x cos2 x)
1 11 2 2 2 1 1 1 −1 −2x 2x1+ 1
+2x +1 = –∫ dx
= n(xn(x
log + x+++x1)
n(x +x 1)
+– 1) tan1−1 – –n(x
– – tantan –n(x – 1)
–n(x
1)
log(x –−1)1)
2 22 3 33 3 33 1 − 2sin2 x cos2 x
1 11 2x  2x
+2x1+ 1
+1 3 33    1
+ +∫+ ∫ ∫ 2 2 + ++ 2 2  dx
 dx  dx = – ∫ (sin2 x − cos2 x)dx = – ∫ (– cos2x)dx = sin2x + c
2 22x x+xx+++x1+
2
x1+ (x 2
1 (x+(xx+++x1)
+x 1)
+ 1) 2

1 2x + 1 Sol 3: (C)
= log(x2 + x + 1) – tan− – log(x
n(x + 1)
− 1)
3 3   nx)x − x ×11 1dx  
(A) xx∫ ∫xlog
∫nxdx
=
= =xx(x((logx)x
nxdx
nxdx nx)x − ∫−−∫x∫×x ×dxdx
(nx)x    = x logx – x + cx
2 2

  xx x   
3  2x + 1 
+ tan−1   x ∫x ∫ | x| x|dx
(B)=
=
2
|dx x x2log
2
| –x2++cxcx
nn| x| x| –x
3  3 
2×
2 x
(C) x ∫ e= dx x ex + c  = xex + cx
2
(x + x + 1) 2 2x + 1
 
= log
n + tan−1 +c
| x −1 | 3 3 dx
(D) ∫
a2 + x2

x = atanθ, dx = asec2qdq

sec2 θdθ
⇒I= ∫ =
asec θ ∫ sec θdθ
x x2 + a2
= log|secθ + tanq| + c = log + +c
a a
2 2 . 5 2 | Indefinite Integration

 x 
Sol 4: (B) ∫ 1 + 2 tanx(secx + tanx)dx dx 1 −1  
Sol 7: (A) ∫ a 2 =
a
tan  a 
b + x   
= ∫ 1 + 2 tanxsecx + 2 tan2 x dx b×  b 
b  b

= ∫ tan2 x + sec2 x + 2 tanx sec xdx  b

1
= tan−1  x +c
ab  a
 
= ∫ (tanx + sec x)dx = ∫ tanxdx + ∫ sec xdx
= –log|cosx| + log|secx + tanx| + c 1 + x7 − 2x7
Sol 8: (C) I = ∫ x(1 + x7 )
dx
= log|secx| + log|secx + tanx| + c
1 2x6 2x6
2sinx cos x 2
2 tanx sec x = ∫ x 1 + x7 dx = logx –
− ∫ 1 + x7 dx
Sol 5: (C) I = ∫ sin4 x + cos4 x dx = ∫ tan4 x + 1
dx
Let tan2x = t let1 + x7 = t ⇒ 7x6dx = dt
∴ I = 2tanx sec2x dx = dt 2 1 2
I = logx – ∫
7 t
dt = logx – nt + c
7
1
∴I= ∫ t2 + 1 dt 2
= logx – n(1 + x7 ) + c
7
∴ I = tan–1(t) + c = tan–1(tan2x) + c
1
 1  Sol 9: (A) Let log|x| = t ⇒ dx = dt
x
tan–1(tan2x) = tan–1  2  = cot (cot x)
–1 2
 cot x  t 1
tan–1(tan2x) =
π
– cot–1(tan2x) + c
∴I = ∫ 1+t
dt = ∫ 1+t –
1+t
dt
2
= –cot – (tan2x) + c1 (t + 1)3/2
= × 2 – (t + 1)1/2 × 2 + c
3
1  t +1  2
Sol 6: (C) ∫ cos3 θ dθ = 2(t + 1)1/2  − 1  + c = (t + 1)1/2 (t – 2) + c
2sin θ cos θ  3  3
2
((log ) 1/2 (log|x| – 2) + c
1/2
1 = n | x|x|| ++11)
= ∫ 2 cos7/2 θ sin1/2 θ
dθ 3

Dividing and multiplying by cos4θ Sol 10: (C)

sec 4 θ x 4 + 2x2 + 1 – 2x2 (x2 + 1)2 – 2x2
I= ∫ 2 tan 1/2
θ
I= ∫ dx = ∫ dx
x(x2 + 1)2 x(x2 + 1)2
let tan1/2θ = t 1 2x 2x
1
= ∫ x – (x2 + 1)2 dx = log|x| – ∫ (x2 + 1)2 dx
∴ × sec2 θdθ =dt
2 tan θ
let x2 + 1 = t ⇒ 2xdx = dt
2
∴I= ∫ 2 sec θdt 1

∴I = log|x| – ∫ t2 dt
t5 
= ∫ (
2 1 + t 4 dt =) 2 ×t +  + c

 5  = log|x| +
1
+ c = log|x| +
1
+c
t 1 + x2
=
5
2
(
5 tan θ + tan2 θ × tan θ + c ) A = 1, B = 1

I= 2
(tan2 θ + 5) tan θ + c
Sol 11: (B) I = ∫ 2sinx(cos2x + cos x)dx
5 2
= ∫ 2sinx(2cos x − 1 + cos x)dx
 M a them a ti cs | 22.53

Let cosx = t ⇒ –sinxdx = dt 2sinxcosx = (cosx+sinx)2 – 1

3
2 4t And d(cosx + sinx) = (–sinx + cosx)dx
∴I= ∫ 2(1 − t − 2t )dt = 2t – t2 –
3
+c
4 cos3 x ∴ let cosx + sinx = t
= 2cosx – cos2x – +c
3 1
 4 cos3 x − 3cos x 
∴I= ∫ dt
t2 − 1 (t)
= cosx –   – cos2x + c
 3 
  ∴ I = sec–1(t) + c = sec–1(cosx+sinx) + c
1 1
= cosx – cos3x – cos2x – +c
3 2
Previous Years’ Questions
1 cos2x
= cosx – cos3x – +c
3 2
(x2 − 1)dx
1
Sol 1: (C) Let I = ∫ , dividing numerator
Sol 12: (B) I = ∫ sin2xcos2xcos4xcos18xcos16xdx x3 2x 4 − 2x2 + 1
2
and denominator by x5
1 cos32x
=
32 ∫ sin32xdx = – 1024 + c 1 1 
 3 − 5  dx
x x 
=∫ 
3 2 2 1
Sol 13: (B) I = ∫ x f(x )dx 2− 2 + 4
x x
let x2 = t
1 2 1  4 4
Put 2 − + t ⇒  −  dx =
= dt
2∫
∴I = tf(t)dt 3
x 2
x 4
x x5 
t 1
( ∫ f(t)dt ) dt
1

2∫
= f(t)dt – ∫ 1 dt 1 t 2
2
4∫ t 4 1
∴I
= = · +c

1 2 2 2
= x F(x ) − ∫ f(x2 )d(x2 )
2  
1 2 1
= 2− + +c
2 x 2
x4
4e2x + 6
Sol 14: (D) I = ∫ 9e2x − 4dx
4ex + 6e− x
⇒ 4e + 6 = a(9e – 4) + b× 18 × e
2x 2x 2x
Sol 2: Given, ∫ 9ex − 4e−x dx = Ax + B log (9e 2x
– 4) + c

⇒ 9a + 18b = 4 4e2x + 6
–4a = 6
LHS = ∫ 9e2x − 4 dx
3
∴a=– Let 4e2x + 6 = A (9e2x – 4) + B(18e2x)
2
27 35 ⇒ 9A + 18B = 4
18b = 4 + ⇒b=
2 36 and –4A = 6
3 35
3 35 18e2x ⇒A= – and B =
∴I = ∫ 2 36 9e2x − 4 dx
– dx + 2 36

3x 35 A(9e2x − 4) + B(18e2x )
= – – 3x+ + 35log
n(9e2x
n(9e2x− −4)4)+ +c c
∴∫ dx
2 2 3636 9e2x − 4
3 35 1
A= – and B = 9e2x − 4
= A ∫ 1dx + B ∫ dt, where t =
2 36 t
=Ax + B log (9e2x–4) + c
cos x − sinx
Sol 15: (A) I = ∫ 2sinx cos x ( cos x + sinx )
dx
3 35
= – x + log(9e2x − 4) + c
2 36
 2 2 . 5 4 | Indefinite Integration

3 35 3 35
∴ A= – , B= ∴ A= – , B=
2 36 2 36
and C = any real number and C = any real number
4
sinx and I3 = ∫ sin x cos4 x dx
Sol 3: Let I = ∫ sinx − cos x dx
1 3x sin 4x sin8x
Again, let sin x = A (cos x + sin x) + B (sin x – cos x),
=
128 ∫ (3 − 4 cos 4x + cos8x)dx = –
128 128
+
1024
then A + B = 1 and A – B = 0
∴I = I1 + I2 + I3
1 1
⇒A= ,B=
2 2 cos 4x cos2x cos6x
= − – + + sin2x + tanx − 2x
1 1 16 8 24
(cos x + sinx) + (sinx − cos x) 3x sin 4x sin8x
∴I = ∫ 2 2 dx + − +
(sinx − cos x) 128 128 1024

1 cos x + sinx 1 x2
= ∫
2 sinx − cos x
dx + ∫ 1dx + c
2
Sol 6: Let I =
(a + bx)2
Put a + bx = t
1 1
= log(sinx − cos x) + x + c
2 2 ⇒ bdx = dt
2
xdx  t −a
Sol 4: Let I = ∫ 1 + x4  
b  dt 1  t2 − 2at + a2 
∴I = ∫ · = ∫   dt
t 2 b b3 t2 
1 2x  
= ∫
2 1 + (x2 )2
dx
1  2a a2  1  a2 
Putx2 = u ⇒ 2xdx = du
= ∫ 
b3 
1 − + 
t t2 
dt = 
b3 
t − 2a log t −  +c
t 
1 du 1 1 −1 2
tan−1 (u) + c = tan (x ) + c
2 ∫ 1 + u2 2
=∴ I = 1  a2 
2 =  a + bx − 2a log (a + bx) − + c
3 a + bx 
b  
Sol 5: Let I1 = ∫ sinx sin2x sin3x dx
tanx + 1
1
= ∫ (sin 4x + sin2x − sin6x)dx
Sol 7:
= Let I ∫( tanx + cot x )dx = ∫ tanx
dx
4
Put tanx = t2 ⇒ sec2x dx = 2t dt
cos 4x cos2x cos6x
= − − + 2t
16 8 24 ⇒ dx = dt
1 + t4
2 2
I2 = ∫ sec2 x ·cos2 2xdx = ∫ sec x (2cos x − 1)2 dx
t2 + 1 2t t2 + 1
=
= ∫ (4 cos2 x + sec2 x − 4)dx = ∫ (2cos2x + sec2 x − 2)dx
∴I ∫ 2 t4 + 1
= · dt 2 ∫ t 4 + 1 dt
t
1 1
= sin2x + tanx – 2x 1+ 2
1+
= 2∫ t dt = 2∫ t2 dt
1 2

( 2)
2x 2x 2  1 2
A(9e − 4) + B(18e ) t + −2+2
∴∫ dx t2 t −  +
2x
9e −4  t
1 1
1 Put t – = u ⇒ 1+ dt = du
9e2x − 4
= A ∫ 1dx + B ∫ dt, where t = t t2
t
du
∴I = 2∫
= Ax + B log (9e2x – 4) + c u + ( 2)2
2

3 35 2  u 
=– x+ log (9e2x − 4) + Cc ⇒I= tan−1  +c
2 36
2  2
 M a them a ti cs | 22.55

 tanx − cot x   1 
= 2 tan−1  +c I = 2 cos−1 x − log 1 + 1 − x − log | x | + c
 2   2 
 

(x + 1)  π π
sin  x − +  dx
Sol 8: ∫ x(1 + xex )2 dx sinxdx  4 4
Sol 10: (C) 2 = 2∫
 π  π
ex (x + 1) sin  x −  sin  x − 
This can be rewritten as ∫ 2ex (1 + xex )2 dx  4  4

 π  π π
let 1 + xex =t ⇒ ex (1 + x)dx =dt = 2 ∫  cos + cot  x −  sin  dx
 4  4 4
dt
Now integration becomes ∫ t2 (t − 1)  π  π
∫ dx + ∫ cot  x − 4  dx =x + n sin  x − 4  + c
=
1 A Bt + C
⇒ =+ (using partial fraction)
t (t − 1) t − 1
2
t2 dy dy
Sol 11: (D) = y +3⇒ = dx
dx y +3
⇒ 1= t2 (A + B) + (C − B)t − C
dy dy
Comparing, we get C = -1, B =- 1 and A = 1 = y +3⇒ = dx
dx y +3
Now our integration becomes log ( y + 3) =x + c
dt 1 t +1 1 1 2
x =0⇒ y =2
∫ t2 (t − 1)= ∫ t − 1 dt − ∫ t 2
dt
= ∫ t − 1 dt − ∫ t dt − ∫ t dt ⇒ log5= 0 + c
−2 +1
t t −1 1 c = log5
= log (t − 1) − log(t) − = + C log + + Cc
−2 + 1 t t
log ( y + 3) =x + log5
In5
x
Putting t= 1 + xe , we get y + 3 = ex − log5 ⇒ y + 3 elog2 + log5
x x y + 3 = 10 ⇒ y = 7
dtdt xexe 11
∫ ∫t2t(t2 (t− −1)=1)= lnlog
ln
x x
1 1+ +xexe
++ + +c c
x x
1 1+ +xexe
Sol 12: (D)
1
1 − x dx 2 5sinx
Sol 9: Let I = ∫   · ∫ sinx − 2cos xdx
1 + x  x
 
 2 ( cos x + 2sinx ) + ( sinx − 2cos x ) 
Put x = cos θ ⇒ dx = –2cos θ sin θ d θ
2
⇒ ∫ dx
 sinx − 2cos x 
1  
 1 − cos θ  2 −2cos θ ·sin θ
∴ I ∫  1 + cos θ  · cos2 θ dθ  cos x + 2sinx 
= ∫  sinx − 2cos 
 dx + ∫ dx + k
θ θ θ θ
sin 2sin · 2sin · cos = 2log sinx − 2cos x + x + k
2· −2sin θ 2 2 2
= ∫ dθ = − ∫ dθ
θ cos θ θ ∴a=2
cos cos · cos θ
2 2
θ
2sin2
2 dθ = −2 1 − cos θ dθ
Sol 13: (C) ∫ f ( x ) dx = ψ ( x )
= −2∫ ∫ cos θ
cos θ
( )
I = ∫ x5 f x3 dx

= 2∫ (1 − sec θ)dθ = 2[ θ − log | sec θ + tan θ |] + c dt 1

Put x3 =t ⇒ x2dx = = ∫ tf ( t ) dt
3 3
 1 1 
⇒ I = 2 cos−1 x − log + −1 +c 1
 x x  = tψ ( t ) dt 
3 
2 2 . 5 6 | Indefinite Integration

JEE Advanced/Boards
=
1 3
3 
 ( ) 
1
3
( )
x ψ x3 − 3∫ x2 ψ x3 dx  + c =x3 ψ x3 dx + c ( )
  x + 1  1
Exercise 1
  1  x+ 
Sol 14: (D)
= I ∫ e x  + x  1 −  e x  dx
  x2   x x x
1
  Sol 1: (i) ∫ tan 2 tan 3 tan 6 dx
x+
= x.e x +c
  x x 
  tan + tan  
As ∫ ( xf ' ( x ) + f ( x ) ) dx =xf ( x ) + c x
= ∫ tan 1 − 

3 6 

dx
2 x
 tan 
 2 
dx
Sol 15: (D) ∫  x x x
( )
3/ 4
x2 x 4 + 1 = ∫  tan 2 − tan 3 − tan 6 dx
dx 1 x x x
∫ 3/ 4
⇒ 1+
x 4
t4
= = ∫ tan 2 dx – ∫ tan 3 dx – ∫ tan 6 dx
 1 
x3  1 + 4 
 x  x x x
= 2logsec – 3logsec – 6logsec + c
1 2 3 6
−4 =dx =4t3dt
5
x  x
tan(logx)tan  log  tan(log2)
dx  2
(ii)
x3
= t3dt ∫ x
dx

1/ 4 1
−t3dt  1  Put logx = t ⇒ dx = dt
∫ t3
=−t + c =−  1 +


x4 
+c x

∫ tant tan(t(t − log2)tan(log2)dt

n2)tan(n2)dt

2x12 + 5x3 ∫ tant

= ∫ tant – tan(t
– tan(t − n2)
(t − log2)
n2) tan( n2)
dtdt
−tan(log2)
− −tan( n2)
Sol 16: (A) ∫ dx
( x5 + x3 + 1 ) = logsect – logsec(t – log2) – xtan(log2) + c
 2 5 
 3+ 6 sec(logx)
x x  = log − x tanlog | 2 | + c
∫ 3
dx  x
sec  log 
 1 1  2
1 + 2 + 5  
 x x 
Sol 2: Put x = asec2θ – btan2q
1 1
Let 1 + + t
=
x2 x5 2(α − β)sec2 θ tan θdθ
∫
dt −2 5 (α − β)tan2 θ (α − β)tan2 θ(α − β)sec2 θ
= −
dx x3 x6
2sec2 θ tan θ
−dt 1 1 x10 = ∫ tan2 θ × (α + β)tan θ sec θdθ
∫ t3 = 2t2 + c= + c= +c
( )
2 2
 1 1  2 x5 + x3 + 1
2 1 + 2 + 5  2 sec θ
 x x  = ∫
α − β tan2 θ
dθ

Put tanθ = t sec2qdθ = dt

dt
Or secqdθ =
1 + t2
 M a them a ti cs | 22.57

2 dt 2 t –3dt cos(x − a)
( α − β) ∫ t 2 1 + t 2 (α − β) ∫ t –2 + 1 ∫
∴I = = Sol 5: dx
sin(x + a)

∴1 + t–2 = u ⇒ –2t–3dt = du
cos x cosa − sinx sina
1 ∫ sinx cosa + cos x sina
dx
Or t–3dt = – du
2
1 2 –du –1 1 − tanx tana
= ×
2 ( α − β) ∫ =
( α − β)
×2 u = ∫ tanx + tana
dx = ∫ cot(a + x) dx
u

–2 1
= 1+ x5 + 3x 4 – x3 + 8x2 – x + 8
( α − β) t2 Sol 6: ∫ (x2 + 1)
dx

–2 1 –2 sec2 θ
= 1+ = (x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5)(x2 + 1) x+3
( α − β) tan2 θ (α − β) tan2 θ = ∫ 2
(x + 1)
dx + ∫
x2 + 1
dx

–2 (α − β)sec2 θ –2 (x − β) x4 1
= = = + x3 – x2 + 5x + log(x
n(x22++4)4)++6 tan−1‒1 x + c
3tan x+c
α − β (α − β)tan2 θ α − β (x − α ) 4 2

 1 + x  ( x + 1) (x)1/2 + 1
Sol 7: ∫ = ∫ x1/2 dx
n  n    dx
  1 − x 
x(3 x + 1) (x1/3
+1)
Sol 3: ∫ 1 − x2 Put x1/6 = t ⇒ dx = 6t5dt
1 + x 
n 
Put log  =t (t3 + 1)t5 (t3 + 1)t2
1 − x  6∫ dt = 6 ∫ dt
t3 (t2 + 1) (t2 + 1)
 1 − x  1 − x + 1 + x 
⇒   ×  dx =
dt
1 + x  (1 − x)2   (t3 – t + 1)(t2 + 1)
= 6∫ 
t −1 
2
+  dt
 2   (t + 1) (t2 + 1) 
Or  dx = dt
2 
1 − x   t 4 t2 
dt = 6  – + t  + 3log(1 + t2) – 6tan–1t + c
∴∴I I=
= lnln( t()t ) dt
∫∫log  4 2 
22
Where t = x1/6
1
= ∴ I∫ 1. lnln( t( t) )dtdt
=∫log
2 2
−1 x
Integration by parts,
Sol 8: ∫ sin a+ x
dx , a > 0

1  d   x = atan2q
=I log(t)∫ 1dt −  ∫ (Iog(t) ) ∫ 1dt  dt 
2  dt   dx = 2atanqsec2qdq
1 atan2 θ
= t(logt − 1) + c −1
2 ∫ sin asec2 θ
2a tanθ sec2θ dq

1   1 + x     1 + x   
log   log  log    − 1 + c 2a∫ (sin−1 sin θ)tan θ sec2 θ dθ
2   1 − x     1 − x   
tanθ = t ⇒ sec2qdθ = dt

x x
x x
e e
x x 2a∫ t tan−1 tdt
nx  and d   =   [−logx]
Sol 4: d   =   [logx] [– nx]
e
  e
  x
  x  1 1 
2a tan−1 t ∫ tdt – ∫ × t2dt 
x x x x x x  2 1+t 2

 x x   e e  x e
∴ ∫ ∫   logxdx
nxdx+++∫ ∫   nxdx
nxdx nxdx =   –   + c
logxdx
e
  e  x
  x  e x
 2 2 . 5 8 | Indefinite Integration

 t2 1 
= 2a (tan–1 t) – t − tan−1 t   + c (
x2 + 1 log(x2 + 1) – logx2 )dx
 2 2 

Sol 11: ∫ x 4

1 1 
= at2tan–1t +  tan−1 t – t  2a + c  1  1 
2 2   1 + 2 log  1 + 2  
 x  x  

∴ t = tanθ =
x ∫ x3
dx
a
1 2
1+ =t⇒– dx = dt
x x 1 x 1 x x 2
x3
∴ I = a tan−1 +  tan−1 –  2a + c
a a  2 a 2 a 
1 1 t3/2 1 t3/2 
– ∫ t logtdt – (logt)
= –∫ × dt 
2 2  3/2 t 3 / 2 
x 1 x 1 x
= x tan−1 +  tan−1 –  2a + c
a  2 a 2 a 
1 2 3/2 2 1/2 
=  – (logt)t + ∫ t dt 
x x 2 3 3 
x
= xtan–1 a + atan–1 a – a +c
a  
1 2 
3/2 3/2
1  1 4 1 
  = – log  1 +  1 +  +  1 +  + c  
−1 x x 2 3  x2   x2  9 x2  
=  tan  (a + x) − a +c   
 a  a
  3/2
1 1   1  2
 x  x = – 1 +  log  1 + 2  –  + c
= x  x tan−1 − a  + atan−1 +c 3 x2    x  3
 a  a

sinx tanx sec x

xlogx Sol 12: f(x)
= =
Sol 9:∴ ∫ dx sin x + 4 cos2 x
2
tan2 x + 4
(x2 − 1)3/2
 xlogx  tanx sec x
xnx  1 1 =
∴ ∫  2 3/2 

− dx + ∫

dx sec2 x + 3
 (x − 1)
2 3/2 2
1)  x x − 1  x x2 − 1
 Putting sec x = t, dx sec x tan x = dt so
logx  logx
∴ ∫  −d  + sec–1x + c = − + sec–1x + c
 2  dt 1 sec x
 x −1 x2 − 1 tan−1
∫ f(x)dx
= ∫=
t2 + 3 3 3
+c

log6 [(sinx)6cos x ]1/6 cos x

Sol 10: ∫ sinx
dx
cos2 x (1 + sinx)
1
Sol 13: ∫ sinx(1 − sinx)(1 + cos x)dx = ∫ sinx(1 + cos x) dx
log (sinx) + log6 6cos x  cos x
6 6 
∫ sinx
dx
 x x 
2
x 
2

 sin + cos   tan + 1 

2 2 1 2
 1   = ∫   dx = ∫   dx
  log(sinx) 1 cos x   x x 2 x 4 x 2 x
6 2sin cos × 2cos tan cos
∫   (log6)sinx + 6 sinx  cos x  dx 2 2 2 2 2
  
   x x
Let tan = t ⇒ sec2 dx = 2dt
 1 1 cos x 1 cos2 x  2 2
= ∫ log(sinx) + dx
 6 log6 sinx 6 sinx 
1 ( t+ 1)
2
1  1
= ∫ dt = ∫  t + 2 +  dt
1 log2 (sinx) 1 2 t 2  t
= + ∫ (cosecx − sinx)dx
6 log36 6
tt22 11
== ++tt++ log
nn||tt||++CcC
1  log2 (sinx) x  44 22
=  + ntan + cos x  + c
6  log36 2 
 M a them a ti cs | 22.59

3x2 + 1 emz 1
= cos z + ∫ emz sin z dz
Sol 14: ∫ (x2 − 1)3 dx
m m

 3(x2 – 1) + 4  (3x2 + 1)(x2 − 1) emz 1  emz emz 

∫  (x2 − 1)3 dx or ∫ (x2 − 1)4
dx = cos z + 
m m  m
sin z − ∫
m
cos z dz 

 

 3x2 (x2 − 1) + (x2 − 1)  3x 4 − 2x2 − 1 emz emz 1

= ∫  (x2 − 1)4
 dx =

∫ 2
(x − 1) 4
dx = cos z + sin z − 1
 m m 2
m2
 x 4 + 1 – 2x2 – 4x 4 + 4x2   1  emz
= ∫ 
–
(x2 − 1)4
 dx Or,  1 + =  1 (m cos z + sin z)
   m2  m2

 (x2 − 1)2 − 2.2x2 (x2 − 1)  emz (m cos z + sin z)

= ∫ –  (x2 − 1)4
 dx =∴1 +c
  m2 + 1
Or,
 x  x
= ∫ –d   =– 2 +c −1 x −1
2 2  em tan  1 x  em tan x (m + x)
 (x − 1)  (x − 1)2 =1 m ⋅ + = +c +c
m2 + 1  x2 + 1

x2 + 1  (m2 + 1) x2 + 1
(ax2 − b)dx
Sol 15: ∫
x c2 x2 − (ax2 + b)2 x
Sol 17: [Here occurs, ∴ put
= x a tan2 θ ]
a+ x
(ax2 − b) acx2 – bc
∫ ⇒∫ dx Put
= x a tan2 θ, then=
dx 2a tan θ sec2 θdθ
2 (ax2 + b)2 2 2 (ax2 + b)2
cx 1− c x 1−
c2 x 2 c2 x 2 Now,
−1
2acx2 − (acx2 + bc) =I ∫ sin (sin θ)2a tan θ sec2 θd=
θ 2a∫ θ ⋅ (tan θ sec2 θ)dθ
= ∫ dx
(ax2 + b)2  sec2 θ
(cx2 ) 1 − sec2 θ 
c2 x 2 = 2a θ − ∫1 dθ  + c
 2 2 
2
2acx2 – (ax2 + b)c 1 [ ∫ tan θ sec θd=θ ∫ zdz, where= z sec θ]
= ∫ (cx)2
×
2
dx
 ax2 + b 
1− = a[θ sec2 θ − tan θ] + c
 cx 
 
 x a+ x x
= a tan−1  − +c
2
ax + b  (2ax)cx − c(ax + b)  2
a a  a 
Put =t =   dx 
cx  (cx)2 
 
 ax2 + b   x x π
dt dsin  e +e +
∴∫ = sin t + c = sin  cx  + c
–1 –1


4
1 − t2   Sol 18:
dx
1  π   e x e– x 
Sol 16: Put z = tan‒1x, then dz = dx and x = tan z = cos  e x
+ e– x
1+x 2 +  – 
 4  2 x 2 x 
mz
 
e mz
=Now, I ∫=2
dz ∫ e cos z dz
Also
d 
sin  e x
− e– x
+
π

1 + tan z dx  4
emz emz  π   e x 2e– x 
= cos z − ∫ ( − sin z)dz x
– e– x
m m = cos  e +  + 
 4  2 x 2 x 

2 2 . 6 0 | Indefinite Integration

  x π  5x 4 + 4x5
dsin  e + e

– x
+  
4 
Sol 21: ∫ (x5 + x + 1)2 dx
2∫ 
∴I =
  π 
 +dsin  e x − e– x +   5x5 + 5x 4 + x + 1 – x5 – x – 1
  4   = ∫ (x5 + x + 1)2
dx

  π  π 
= 2 sin  e x
+ e– x
+  + sin  e
x
– e– x
+  (x5 + x + 1) + (5x 4 + 1)(x + 1)
  4  4  = ∫– (x5 + x + 1)2
dx


= 2sin  e

x
+
π
 cos e
4 ( )
– x
=
 x +1  x +1
∫  x5 + x + 1  x5 + x + 1
–d  =  – + c or
x5
+c
x5 + x + 1
= 2  sin e
 ( ) + cos (e )  cos (e ) + c
x x – x

 a2 tan2 x + b2 
Sol 22: ∫  a4 tan2 x + b4  dx

 
(x2 + x)
Sol 19: ∫ (ex + x + 1)2 dx 1 b2 (a2 + b2 ) + a2 (b2 + a2 )tan2 x
⇒
(a2 + b2 )
∫ a4 tan2 x + b 4
dx

 x(ex + x + 1) − xex 
= ∫  (ex + x + 1)2  dx
 1
 2 2 2x 
 a b (1 + tan + 1 dx
  ⇒ ∫
a2 + b2  a4 tan2 x + b 4 
 
 x xex 
= ∫  ex + x + 1 (ex + x + 1)2  dx
 –
1  a2b2 + b 4 + (a2b2 + a4 )tan2 x 
  ⇒ ∫
a2 + b2  a4 tan2 x + b 4
 dx

  

  
 1 × x − 1  x   
= ∫   x   dx  
  x 2
 1 +  x + 1   e  x +1 e  1   a2  2 1 
1 + x  2 ∫ 2 
   ⇒   sec x × + 1  dx
  ex    e  
2
a + b  b  a 4 
2 
  4 tan x + 1  
x +1 –x  b  
Put +1 =t ⇒ dx = dt
x
e ex 2
a 2
 dt 1  1   sec x
1 1 b
 
∫  – +  dt = – logt –
t t2  t
+c ⇒ 2
a + b2
x+
a2 + b2
∫ 2
dx
 a2 
1 +  2 tanx 
 x +1  1 b 
= –log  + 1 – +c  
x  x + 1 
 e 
 x + 1 a2 a2
 e  Put tanx = t ⇒ sec2 xdx = dt
b2 b2
1 1 dt
ecos x (x sin3 x + cos x) ∴ x+ ∫ 1 + t2
Sol 20: ∫ sin2 x
dx 2
a +b 2 2
a +b 2

cos x  cos x  1  a2 
∫ e  sin2 x + x sinx  dx Or  x + tan−1 tanx  + c
2 2 2
a + b  b 
cos x
∫e (cot x cosecx + x sinx)dx
cos2 x cos3 x
⇒– ∫ e cos x
(1 − cos tx cosecx − x sinx − 1)dx
Sol 23: ∫ 1 + tanxdx = ∫ sinx + cos x dx
= – ∫ ecos x (1 − cosecx cot x) + (x + cosecx)ecos x (– sinx)dx
  1 3cos x 1 cos3x
4 ∫ sinx + cos x
= dx + ∫ dx
4 sinx + cos x
= – ∫ decos x (x + cosecx) = –ecosx(x + cosecx) + c
 M a them a ti cs | 22.61

1 cos x cos2x − sinx sin2x 3 cos x x

= ∫ dx + ∫ dx Again, ∫ dx =− 1 − x2
4 (sinx + cos x) 4 sinx + cos x 1−x 2

1   sin2x cos x − cos2x sinx   ∴ from (i),

= ∫
4 
(cos2x − sin2x) + 
 sinx + cos x
 dx
  1 − 1 − x2 
=I (x log x − x)sin−1 x + 1 − x2 log x − log  +c
3 cos x  x 
4 ∫ sinx + cos x
+ dx  

1 1 (x2 + 1)ex (x2 − 1) + 2

= ∫ (cos2x − sin2x)dx + ∫ dx Sol 25: ∫ dx = ∫ ex dx
4 4 (x + 1)2 (x + 1)2
1 cos xdx 3 cos xdx
− ∫ + ∫  x2 − 1
4 sinx + cos x 4 sinx + cos x 2  x x −1 2 
=∫ ex  +  dx =∫ e  +  dx
 (x + 1) 2
(x + 1)   x + 1 (x + 1)2 
1 x 1 cos xdx
= (sin2x + cos2x) + + ∫
8 4 2 sinx + cos x x x −1
=∫ e [f(x) + f '(x)]dx, where f(x) =
x +1
1 x
= (sin2x + cos2x) +  x −1 
8 4 = ex f(x)=+ c ex  +c
1  cos x + sinx + cos x − sinx   +1
x
+ ∫  dx
4  cos x + sinx 
f(z)
Sol 26: [Here e occurs, where f(x) = sin x
1 x 1   cox − sinx  
= (sin2x + cos2x) + + ∫ 1 +   dx
8 4 4   cos x + sinx   ∴ Put z = f(x) = sin x]
Put z = sin x, then dz = cos x dx
11 xx 11
= (sin2x
(sin2x++cos2x)
cos2x)++ ++ log
n(cos
n(cosxx++sinx)
sinx)++cc
88 22 44 esin x 3
=Now, I ∫ cos3 x (x cos x − sin x)dz
Sol 24:
sin x
xlog x x = ∫e (x − tan x sec2 x)dz
I =(x log x − x)sin−1 x − ∫ dx + ∫ dx ...(i)
1 − x2 1 − x2  −1
z z 1 
[Integrating by parts taking sin x as u] ‒1
= ∫e sin z − ⋅
2
 dz [ sin=
x z]
 1 − z 2 1 − z 
x log x
Now in order to evaluate ∫ dx
z
 −1 1 1 z 
1 − x2 = ∫e sin z + − −
2 3/2
 dz
 1 − z2 1 − z 2 (1 − z ) 
Put x= sin θ, then dx= cos θ dθ
 1   1 z 
xlog x z
 sin−1 z −
∴ ∫ dx
= ∫ sin θ log sin θ dθ = ∫e 
+
 
−
2 3/2
(1 − z ) 
 dz
1 − x2 1 − z2   1−z
2

= − cos θ log sin θ − ∫ − cos θ cot θdθ

z 1
sin−1 z −
∫ e [f(z) + f '(z)]dz, where f(z) =
=
cos2 θ 1 − z2
= − cos θ log sin θ + ∫ dθ
sin θ  1 
= ez f(z) +=
c ez  sin−1 z − c esin x (x − sec x) + c
 +=
 
 1 − z2 
1 − sin2 θ
= − cos θ log sin θ + ∫ dθ
sin θ dx dx
Sol 27: I
= ∫= ∫
2 2
= − cos θ log sin θ + ∫ (cosec θ − sin θ)dθ 1 − (x + 2x) 2 − (x + 2x + 1)

dx dx
= − cos θ log sin θ + log | cosec θ − cot θ | + cos=
θ ∫=2
∫ ...(i)
2 − (1 + x) (2) − (1 + x)2
2
 1 − 1 − x2 
=− 1 − x2 log x + log   + 1 − x2 Let z = 1 + x, then dz = dx
 x 
 
 2 2 . 6 2 | Indefinite Integration

From (i), z 2 a2
∫ z 2 + a2 dz
= z + a2 + log  z + z 2 + a2  + c
dz 1 + x  2 2  
−1 z
=I ∫ = sin = + c sin−1  +c
( 2)2 − z 2 2  2   3
 −x +  2
4  3 23
=  x +  +
dx  sinx cos x  2  4 16
Sol 28: ∫ sec x + cosecx = ∫  sinx + cos x  dx
 2 
23 3  3 23 
+ log  x + +  x +  + +c
1  1 + 2sinx cos x − 1  32  4  4 16 
2 ∫  sinx + cos x 
=   dx  

4x + 3
1 (sinx + cos x)2 − 1 =I 2x2 + 3x + 4
= ∫ dx 8
2 (sinx + cos x)
 2x2 + 3x + 4 
23 4x + 3
1 1 1 + log  + +c
= ∫ (sinx + cos x)dx – ∫ dx 16 2  4 2 
2 2 2 1 (sinx + cos x)
 
2
1 1 dx z xn + 1 , then dz = nxn−1dx
Sol 30: Let =
=
2
[sinx − cos x] –
2 2
∫  π dx dx
sin  x +  Now, I
= ∫= ∫ nxn−1 ⋅ x
 4
(
x xn + 1 ) (x n
+1 )
x π
sec2  +  1 dz 1 dz
 …(i)
n ∫ xn xn + 1 n ∫ (z − 1)z
1 1  2 8  dx = =
= [sinx − cos x] –
2 2 2
∫ x π
2 tan  + 
( )
2 6 1 A B A(z − 1) + Bz …(ii)
Let =+ =
11 11 xx ππ z(z − 1) z z − 1 z(z − 1)
= [sinx
[sinx−−cos
cosx]x]–– ntan
ntan ++ ++cc
log
22 22 22 22 88
1
∴ A(z − 1) + Bz = …(iii)
11  1 xx ππ
sinx−−cos
= [sinx cosx]x–– ntan
ntan ++  ++cc
log
Putting Z = 0 we get, ‒A = 1
22  2 22 22 88
∴ A =‒1
 3  Putting Z = 1, we get B = 1
Sol 29=I ∫ 2x2 + 3x + 4 dx
= ∫ 2  x2 + x + 2 dx
 2 
1 dz 1  1 1 
∴ From =
I ∫ = ∫ − + dz
3 n z(z − 1) n  z z − 1 
= 2 ∫ x2 + x + 2dx
2
1
= [ − log | z | + log | z − 1 |] + c
2 2 n
3 3 3
= 2 ∫ x2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ +   −   + 2dx
4 4 4 1 z −1 1 xn
= log = +c log +c
n z n xn + 1
2
 3 23
= 2∫  x +  + dx ...(i)
 4  16 cos x − sinx
Sol 31: ∫ 16 − 9 (1 + sin2x ) dx
3 23 3
Let, z =
x + , then dz =
dx. Let = a
=
4 16 4
(cos x − sinx)
Then from
= (i), I 2 2
2 ∫ z + a dz ∫ 16 − 9(sinx + cos x)2 dx
Now, Let 3(sinx + cosx) = t
 M a them a ti cs | 22.63

⇒ (3cosx – 3sinx)dx = dt ⇒ dx = sec2qdq

1 dt 11 11 44++t t  11 44++3cos
3cosxx++3sinx
3sinx 7 1 − tan2 θ
∫ = . . log
nn =  log
nn  = 4logx + +6tan x + 6 ∫
–1 dθ
3 16 − t 2 2.4
2.4 33 44−−t t 24
24 44−−3cos
3cosxx−−3sinx
3sinx x (1 + tan2 θ)

7
= 4logx + + 6tan–1x + 6 ∫ cos2θdθ
co tx − tanx x
Sol 32: ∫ 1 + 3sin2x
dx
7 1
= 4logx + + 6tan–1x + 6 sin2θ
x 2
cos x − sinx
2∫ dx
( )
sin2x (1 + 3sin2x) ∵sin2θ =
2 tan θ
1 + tan θ 2
=
2x
1 + x2
  7 6x
(cos2x cos x + sin2 x sinx) + (cos2x sinx − sin2x cos x) 
2∫  dx ∴I = 4logx + + 6tan–1x + +c

 (
sin2x (1 + 3sin2x) ) 

x 1 + x2

dx
 cos2x(ssinx + cos x) − sin2x(cos x − sinx) 
2∫  dx
Sol 34: ∫ cos3 x − sin3 x
 2sin2x(1 + 3sin2x) 
dx
1 ∫ (cos x − sinx)(1 + cos x sinx)
⇒ ∫ (sinx + cos x)2 + 2sin2x
(sinx + cos x)2 (cos x − sinx)2 + 2sinx cos x
 (sinx + cos x)2.cos2x − 2sin2 x(cos x − sinx) 
= ∫ (cos x − sinx)(1 + cos x sinx) dx
×∫  dx
 (sinx + cos x)2 2sin2x  (cos x − sinx) sinx cos x
 
∫ (1 + cos x sinx) dx + 2∫ (cos x − sinx)(1 + cos x sinx) dx
 
1   2sin2x  dx
⇒ ∫ 2 cos x − sinx 2 (cos x − sinx)
 2sin2x   sinx + cos
= 
x ∫ dx + ∫ dx
1 +  3 1 + (sinx + cos x)2 3 2 − (sinx + cos x)2
 (sinx + cos x)2 
2 1 2 + sinx + cos x
 2 sin2x  = tan−1 (sinx + cos x) + log +c
= tan  −1
+c 3 3 2 2 − sinx − cos x
 sinx + cos x 
 
x2
5 4
4x – 7x + 8x − 2x + 4x − 7 3 2 Sol 35: ∫ (x cos x − sinx)(x sinx + cos x)dx
Sol 33: ∫ x2 (x2 + 1)2
dx

(x cos x − sinx)2 + (x sinx + cos x)2

5 4
4x − 7x + 8x – 2x + 4x − 7 3 2 ∫ (x cos x − sinx)(x sinx + cos x)
dx
∴
x2 (x2 + 1)2
x cos x − sinx x sinx + cos x
A B Cx + D Ex2 + Fx + G
= + + +
∫ x sinx + cos x dx + ∫ x cos x − sinx dx
x x2 x2 + 1 (x2 + 1)2
–1
5 2
(4x − 7x + 8x − 2x + 4x – 7) 3 2
+ ∫ (x cos x − sinx)(x sinx + cos x) dx
∫ x2 (x2 + 1)2
dx
 x cos x + sinx − sinx  x sinx + sinx − cos x
= ∫  dx + ∫ dx
4  7  6 6(1 – x )   x sinx +2cos x  x cos x − sinx
= ∫  x  x2  x2 + 1 (1 + x2 )2 
 + – + +  dx
  cos2 x + sin2 x − 1
+ ∫ dx
 1 − x2  (x sinx + cos x)(x cos x − sinx)
7
= 4logx + + 6tan–1x + 6 ∫   dx
x  (1 + x2 )2  x sinx + cos x
  n
= log +c
Put x = tanq x cos x − sinx
2 2 . 6 4 | Indefinite Integration

 cos
cosθθ++sin
sinθθ  1
Sol 36: ∫∫cos2
cos2θθlog
nn   ddθθ Put x + =t
 cos
cosθθ−−sin
sinθθ  x
 cos θ + sin θ  ⇒(1 – x–2)dx = dt
⇒ n 
⇒log  ∫ cos2θdθ
 cos θ − sin θ  dt
∫
 dn  cos
cosθθ ++ sin
sinθθ 
 

t2 − 2
dlog cos θ − sin θ  
cos θ − sin θ Put t = 2 secq
− ∫∫
− 
d θ
 ∫∫
cos2
cos2θdθddθθ
θd θ
 dθ 
 2 sec θ tan θdθ
 
∫ 2 tan θ
= log|secθ + tanq|
11  cos
cosθθ++sin
sinθθ    22 sin2
sin2θθ 
⇒⇒ sin2
sin2θθlog
n
n   ––∫ ∫  ×× ddθθ
22  cos
cosθθ− −sin
sinθθ  cos2
cos2θθ 22   x2 + 1 x4 + 1
= log
n + +c
11  cos
cosθθ++sin
sinθθ   2 sin2θ  2x 2x
⇒ sin2
sin2
θθ nn 
log  ––∫ ∫ tan2θd×θ dθ
22  cos
cosθθ−−sin
sinθθ  cos2θ 2 
x2 + 1 x4 + 1
111  cos
cos
cos
θθ+θ+sin
+sin
sin
θθθ 1 1 2 sin2θ  Or log
n + +c
⇒ sin2
sin2
sin2
θθ θnnn
log  ––∫– log
n(sec2
n(sec2
× θθ)d)dθθ dθ x x
222  cos
cos
cos
θθ−θ−sin
−sin
sin
θθθ 22cos2θ 2 
(1 + x2 )
 1 − tan θ   (1 − tan θ × sec2 θ  (C) ∫ dx
=    − (1 + tan θ)sec2 θ  1  1
 1 + tan θ   (1 − tan θ) 2  x  − x  x2 + 2
2
 x  x
(1 − tan θ) 2sec2 θ 2(1 + tan2 θ) 2 (1 + x –2 )
= × = =
(1 – tan θ) (1 – tan θ)2 2
(1 − tan θ) cos2θ ∫ 2
dx
1   1
 − x x −  + 2
 x   x
Sol 37: A → s; B → p; C → q; D → r 1
x– = t ⇒ (1 + x–2)dx = dt
x −14 x
(A) ∫ dx dt
3 2 1 = –∫
x x + +1
x2 t t2 + 2

x − x –3 t= 2 tanθ
∫ 1
dx
x2 + +1 dt = 2 sec2θ dq
x2
1 2 sec2 θdθ 1
Put x2 + +1=t = –∫
x 2
2 tan θ 2 sec θ
–
2
∫ cosecdθ
 2 dt  1  dt 11
 2x − 3  dx = or  x −  dx = = nncosec
log cosecθθ−−cot
cotθθ++cc
 x  2 
3
x  2 22

1 dt 1 x 4 + x2 + 1 11 xx44 ++11−− xx
x2 + ⇒ −− log
nn ++cc
2∫ t
= t +c = + 1+ c = +c
x2 x 22 (x22 −−1)
(x 1)

x2 − 1
(B) ∫ dx
1 + x 4 + x2
x 1 + x4 (D) ∫ dx
2 –2
1 + x4
x −1 (1 − x )
∫ 1
dx ⇒ ∫
2
dx 



x 2
x + 2  1 1 1 1  –4 
x2 x +  − 2 = ∫  × × 
 x  1  1  x5 
  1 
 1 + 4  2  1 + 4 – 1 2 1+
 x   x  x4
 
 M a them a ti cs | 22.65

 1   4
– tan−1  1+ –1+ c ⇒  1 −  dx = dt
 x4   x2 
 
dt 1 t
  ∴∫ = tan−1 + c
1 2
t (4) 2 4 4
dtan−1  1+ 4 –1
∴  x 
   4
dx 1 x+ 
−1
∴I = tan  x +c
1  1  4  4 
= × 1+ –1  
    
 1 x4
1+ 1 + 4 – 1  
 x  1  x2 + 4 
  Or I = tan−1   +c
4  4x 
 
  
  
 1  1  1 –4
= × (x − 1)2 x2 − 1 − 2x + 2
 x   1  1
 1 +   2 1 + 4 − 1  2 1 + 4
x5 Sol 3: (D) ∫ x 4 + 2x2 + 1 dx = ∫ (x2 + 1)2
dx
 4  x  x
(x2 − 1) –2x 2dx
= ∫ 2
dx + ∫ (x2 + 1)2 dx + ∫ (1 + x2 )2
 1
Exercise 2 x2  x + 
 x

Single Correct Choice Type Put x2 + 1 = t and Put x = tanθ

dx = sec2qdq
−1 −1
tan x − cot x
Sol 1: (D) ∫ tan−1 x + cot−1 xdx  1 
1 − 2 
x  dt sec2 θdθ
π = ∫ dx + ∫ – + 2∫
∴ 2
t2 sec 4 θ
tan–1x + cot–1x =  1
2 x + 
 x
 −1 x π
 2 tan −  1
2 2  dx = 4 tan−1 xdx – dx Put x + =u
π∫ ∫
I = ∫ x
 π 
  du 1
 2  = ∫ + + 2∫ cos2 θdθ
2 2
u x +1
4   dtan−1 x   
= ∫ tan−1 x ∫ dx − ∫    ∫ dx  dx  –x + c 1 1 2
1  (x2 + 1) 2 ∫
π   dx   = – + + (cos2θ + 1)dθ
     
x + 
4 4  x   x
= x tan−1 x − ∫   dx − x + c
π x  1 + x2  (1 − x)
1
= + sin2θ + θ + c
44 22 x +1 2
2

= tan−1−1xx–– log
xxtan n(1++xx2 2) ) –x + c
n(1
ππ ππ (1 − x) 1 2× x
= + + tan−1 x + c
1+x 2 2 1 + x2
x2 − 4 x2 − 4
Sol 2: (A) ∫ x 4 + 24x2 + 16 dx = ∫  16 
dx
=
(1 − x)
+
x
+ tan−1 x + c =
1
+ tan−1 x + c
x2  x2 + 24 + 2  1+x 2
1 + x2 1+x 2
 x 

 4   4  x4 − 4
1 – 2  1 − 2 
 x 
Sol 4: (A) ∫ dx
 x  x2 x 4 + x2 + 4
= ∫
 2 16 
dx = ∫ 2
dx
x + + 8 + 16
 4 2 x4 − 4
   x +  + (4)
 x2   x ∫ 4
dx
2 2
x ×x x +1+
4 x2
Put x + =t
x
2 2 . 6 6 | Indefinite Integration

 4 x
2 sin
x − 3  2
 x  I= ∫
∫ 4
dx
2cos2
α
− 2cos2
x
x2 + 1 + 2 2
x2
x
2 sin
2
Put x2 +
4  8 
+ 1 = t ⇒  2x −  dx =
dt
= ∫ 2
dx
x 2
 x3   x
α  cos 
2 cos 1− 2 
1 dt 1 4 2  cos α 
x2 + 1 +
2∫ t 2
= = .2 t + c = +c  
x2  2

 x
 x 4 + x2 + 4   – sin 
  1 2
=   +c × 2x  
x 2  cos α 
 
 2  dx
= ∫ 2
 sec x + tanx − 1   x
Sol 5: (A) ∫   dx  cos 
 tanx − sec x + 1  1− 2
 cos α 
sec x + tanx − (sec2 x − tan2 x)  
2
= ∫ (tanx − sec x + 1)
dx 
x
cos
(sec x + tanx)[1 − sec x + tanx] 3 =t ∴I= 2
= ∫ [tanx − sec x + 1]
dx Let
α ∫– dt
cos 1 − t2
2
= ∫ (sec x + tanx)dx  x
 cos 
= log|secx + tanx| + logsecx + c 2
= 2cos–1(t) + c = 2cos–1   +c
 cos α 
 
s = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ………….  2
sx = x + 2x2 + 3x3 + ………… 3x 4 – 1
s(1 – x) = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ……….
Sol 8: (B) I = ∫ (x 4 + x + 1)2 dx
1 1
s(1 – x) = ∴s= 4x 4 + x – (x 4 + x + 1)
1−x (1 − x)2 = ∫ (x 4 + x + 1)2
dx
1 (1 − x)−1
∴∫ dx = + c = (1 – x)–1 + c
(1 − x)2 –1 × –1 x(4x2 − 1) 1
= ∫ (x 4 + x + 1)2 – (x 4 + x + 1) dx
(x2 − 3) x (x2 − 9 + 6) 1
Sol 6: (C) ∫e
x

(x + 3)2
dx = ∫e (x + 3)2
dx Let ∫ x 4 + x + 1 = I1
 x −3 6 
= ∫e
x
 +  dx (4x3 + 1) 4x3 + 1
2  ∴I = x ∫ – ∫∫ dx – I1
 x + 3 (x + 3)  (x 4 + x + 1)2 (x 4 + x + 1)2
∫ e ( f(x) + f '(x)) dx
x
= = exf(x) + c
(x 4 + x + 1)−1 (x 4 + x + 1)−1
(x − 3)
=x×
–1
– ∫ –1
dx – I1
= ex +c
(x + 3) –x
= + c + I1 – I1
4
(x + x + 1)
1 − cos x
Sol 7: (B) I = ∫ cos α − cos x
dx
3x
Sol 9: (C) ∫e cos 4xdx

Let 3x =t
 M a them a ti cs | 22.67

1 t 4t  
1/3
∴I =
3 ∫ e cos dt
3 1/3  
 x   x 
1 t
= ∫=
4t 1 t 4t 4 4t  I = ∫  4  dx = ∫  4 
dx
3
e cos dt
3 3 ∫ e  cos − sin  dt
 3 3 3
4 
 (x − 1)   16  1  
 x 1 − 4  
  x  
4 t  4π 
+
9 ∫e  sin  dt
 3  = ∫
1 1
dx
4/3 5
 1  x
1  t 4t  4 t  4t 4 4t  1 − 4 
 x 
= ∫
3 
e cos  + ∫ e  sin + cos  dt
3 9  3 3 3
1 4
16 4t Let 1 – = t ∴ dx = dt
– ∫ et cos dt x 4
x5
27 3
25 1 4t 4 4t 1 1 1 t –1/3 3
I = et cos + et sin + c ∴I = ∫ t 4/3 × 4 dt =
4
×
1
+ c = – t–1/3 + c
4
9 3 3 9 3 –
3
et  4t 4t  −1/3 1/3
I=  3 + 4 sin  +c 3  1  3  x4 
25  3 3 =– 1 – 4  +c=–   +c
4  x  4  x 4 − 1 
∴3A = 4B
u
Sol 13: (A) I = ∫e sin2xdx
Sol 10: (C) When u = x
p + xp + 2q−1 + qxp + 2q−1 − q(xq−1 + xp + 2q−1 ) x x
I= ∫ p+q 2
dx I= ∫ e sin2xdx= ∫ e (sin2x + 2cos2x − 2cos2x)dx
(x + 1)
x
(p + q)xp + q−1 xq − qxq−1 (xp + q ) + 1 = ∫e (sin2x + 2cos2x) − 2∫ ex cos2x
= ∫ dx
(xp + q + 1)2 x
= ∫e (sin2x + 2cos2x)
uv '− vu'
It is of the form –2∫ ex (cos2x − 2sin2x + 2sin2x)dx
2
u
∴ Where u = x p+q
+ 1 and v = –xq ∴ 5 I = ∫ ex (sin2x + 2cos2x)dx

v –xq –2∫ ex (cos2x − 2sin2x)dx

∴I = +c = +c
u xp + q + 1 = exsin2x – 2excos2x + c

Sol 11: (B) Let f–1(x) = t When u = sinx

sin x
∴f(f–1(x)) = x I= ∫ 2e cos x sinxdx

∴f(t) = x Put sinx = t ∴ cosxdx = dt

−1
∴ ∫ f (x)dx ∴I = 2 ∫ tet dt which is solvable

∫ tdx = ∫ tf '(t)dt
= tf(t) – ∫ f(t)dt = tf(t) – g(t)
Previous Years’ Questions
= f–1(x) (x – g)(f–1(x))
cos3 x + cos5 x

1/3

Sol 1: (C) Let I = ∫ sin2 x + sin4 x dx
 x 
Sol 12: (B)   dx
(cos2 x + cos4 )·cos x dx
( )
4
 x4 − 1



= ∫ (sin2 x + sin4 x)
Put sinx = t ⇒ cosx dx = dt
 2 2 . 6 8 | Indefinite Integration

[(1 − t2 ) + (1 − t2 )2 ] Put ex = u ⇒ exdx = du

∴ I= ∫ t2 + t 4
dt
(u2 − 1)
∴ J – I =∫ du
1 − t2 + 1 − 2t2 + t 4 1 + u2 + u4
⇒ I= ∫ t2 + t 4
dt
 1   1 
2 − 3t2 + t 4 1 − 2  1 − 2 
⇒ I= ∫ t2 (t2 + 1)
dt ....(i)
= ∫ 
u 
du = ∫ 
u 
du
1 2  1
2
1+ 2 +u
Using partial fraction for, u u +  − 1
 u
y2 − 3 y + 2 A B 1
=1 + + ( where y = t2 ) Put u + =t
y (y + 1) y y +1 u

⇒ A = 2, B = –6  1  dt
⇒ 1 − dt = ∫
 du =
 u2  2
t −1
y2 − 3 y + 2 2 6
∴ =1 + −
y (y + 1) y y +1 1 t −1 1 u2 − u + 1
= log
= +c log +c
2 t +1 2 u2 + u + 1
∴ Eq. (i) reduces to,
 2 6  2 1 e2x − ex + 1
I= ∫  1 + t2 − 1 + t2  dt = t−
t
− 6 tan−1 (t) + c =
2
log
e2x + ex + 1
+c

2
= sin x – – 6 tan–1(sinx) + c
sinx  2sinx − sin2x 
Sol 4: Given, f(x) = ∫   dx
 x3 
x
Sol 2: (A) Given,f(x) = for n ≥ 2
(1 + xn )1/n On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

f(x) x 2sinx − sin2x 2sinx  1 − cos x 

∴ff(x) = = f’(x) = =  
[1 + f(x) ] n 1/n
(1 + 2x ) n 1/n
x 3 x  x2 
x
and fff(x) =  2 x 
(1 + 3xn )1/n  sinx   2sin 2 
x lim f '(x) = lim2   
∴g(x) = fofo...of
   (x) = x →0 x →0  x   x2 
n times (1 + nxn )1/n 



xn−1dx 1 n2 xn−1dx  
=Let I ∫=
n− 2
x g (x)dx ∫ = ∫
n2 (1 + nxn )1/n

sin2 x 
(1 + nxn )1/n  2  =1
= 4 · 1 · lim  
 4× x 
x →0 2
d  
(1 + nxn )   2 
1dx   
= ∫
n2 (1 + nxn )1/n
dx

1 x
∴ I=
1 1−
(1 + nxn ) n + c Sol 5: (i) Let I = ∫ 1 + sin dx
2
n(n − 1)

x x x x
ex ⇒I= ∫ cos2 + sin2 + 2sin cos dx
Sol 3: (C) Since, I = ∫ dx 4 4 4 4
e4x + e2x + 1
e3x  x x
J =∫ dx ⇒I= ∫  cos 4 + sin 4  dx
1 + e2x + e4x
x x
(e3x − ex ) = 4sin – 4cos + c
∴J – I = ∫ dx 4 4
1 + e2x + e4x
 M a them a ti cs | 22.69

1/ 4
x2  1  (x 4 + 1)1/ 4
(ii) Let I = ∫ 1−x
dx = − 1 +


x4 
+c= −
x
+c

Put 1 – x = t2 ⇒ –dx = 2t dt
1− x
(1 − t2 )2 · ( −2t)
Sol 9: Let I = ∫ 1+ x
dx
∴I = ∫ dt
t
 2t3 t5  Put x = cos2 θ ⇒ dx = – 2sin θ cos θ d θ
2 4
= −2∫ (1 − 2t + t ) dt = −2  t − + +c
 3 5  1 − cos θ
 =∴I ∫ 1 + cos θ
· ( −2sin θ cos θ)dθ
 2 1 
= −2  1 − x − (1 − x)3/2 + (1 − x)5/2  θ θ
 3 5  = − ∫ 2 tan · sin θ cos θ dθ = −2∫ 2sin2 · cos θ dθ
2 2

Sol 6:=
Let I ∫ (e
log x
+ sinx)cos x dx = −2∫ (1 − cos θ) cos θ dθ = −2∫ (cos θ − cos2 θ) dθ

= ∫ (x + sinx)cos x dx = −2∫ cos θ dθ + ∫ (1 + cos2 θ) dθ

1
=∴I ∫ x cos x dx + 2 ∫ (sin2x) dx = −2sin θ + θ +
sin2 θ
+c
cos2x 2
= (x ·sinx − ∫ 1·sinx dx) − +c
4 = −2 1 − x + cos−1 x + x(1 − x) + c
cos2x
= xsinx + cosx – +c
4
sin−1 x − cos−1 x
(x − 1)ex
Sol 10: Let I = ∫ sin−1 x + cos−1 x
dx
Sol 7: Let I = ∫ (x + 1)3 dx
π 
sin−1 x −  − sin−1 x 
 x + 1 − 2  x  2  dx
⇒ I = ∫ e dx = ∫
3  π
 (x + 1) 
2
 1 2  x 2  π
∫  (x + 1)2 − (x + 1)3  e
−1
= dx = ∫  2sin x −  dx
  π  2

1 1 4
sin−1 x dx − x + c
π∫
x
dx − 2∫ ex · = ...(i)
= ∫e ·
(x + 1)2 (x + 1)3
dx


Applying integration by parts, Now, ∫ sin−1 x dx

 1 −2  Put x= sin2θ ⇒ dx = sin2θ

=  ·ex − ∫ ex · dx 
2
 (x + 1) (x + 1)3  = ∫ θ ·sin2θ dθ
1 ex θ cos2θ 1
−2∫ ex · dx = + c = − + ∫ cos2θ dθ
(x + 1)3 (x + 1)2 2 2
θ 1
= − cos2θ + sin2θ
dx dx 2 4
Sol 8: Let I ∫=
= ∫
x (x + 1)3/ 4
2 4

3/ 4
1  1 1
x 2 · x3  1 + 4  = − θ(1 − 2sin2 θ) + sin θ 1 − sin2 θ
 x  2 2
4 1 1
Put 1 + x–4 = t ⇒ – dx = dt = − sin−1 x (1 − 2x) + x 1−x ...(ii)
x5 2 2 
1 dt 1 t1/ 4 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
− ∫
∴I = − ·
= +c
4 t3/ 4 4 1/4
 2 2 . 7 0 | Indefinite Integration

4  1 1   1 
I=  − (1 − 2x)sin
−1
x+ x − x2  − x + c Now, I1 = ∫   dx
3 4
π  2 2   x+ x
2 Put x = t12 ⇒ dx = 12t11dt
= x − x2 − (1 − 2x)sin−1 x  − x + c

π 
t11 t8 dt
∴ I1 = 12∫ dt = 12∫
cos2x t4 + t 3 t +1
Sol 11: Let I = ∫ sinx
dx
dt
= 12∫ (t7 − t6 + t5 − t 4 + t3 − t2 + t − 1)dt + 12∫
2
cos x − sin x 2 t +1
= ∫ = dx ∫ cot2 x − 1 dx
sin2 x  t8 t7 t6 t5 t 4 t3 t2 
= 12  − + − + − + − 1  + 12 log
In (t(t++1)1)
Put cot x = sec θ ⇒ –cosec2xdx = sec θ tan θ d θ 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 
 

sec θ · tan θ  In (1 + 6 x ) 
∴I
= ∫ sec2 θ − 1 · dθ And I2 = ∫   dx
2 3
−(1 + sec θ)  x + x 
sec θ · tan2 θ Put x = u6 ⇒ dx = 6u5 du
= −∫ dθ
2
1 + sec θ
log (1 + u) 5 log (1 + u)
2 =∴ I2 ∫ =6u du ∫ ⋅ 6u5 du
sin θ u2 + u3 u2 (1 + u)
= −∫ dθ
cos θ + cos3 θ
u3  u3 − 1 + 1 
6∫ In(1 + u)du= 6 ∫ 
+ u)du
log(1  In(1
log(1+ u)du
+ u)du
1 − cos2 θ (u + 1)  u+1 
= −∫ dθ  
cos θ(1 + cos2 θ)
 1 
= 6 ∫  u2 − u + 1 − log(1
 In(1 + u)du
+ u)du
(1 + cos2 θ) − 2cos2 θ  u+1
= −∫ dθ
cos θ (1 + cos2 θ) In(1 + u)+ u)
log(1
= 6 ∫ (u2 − u + 1) log
In(1(1++u)du 6 ∫6 ∫
u)du− − du du
(u +(u1)+ 1)
cos θ II I|
= − ∫ sec θ dθ + 2∫ dθ
1 + cos2 θ  u3 2 
= 6  − u + u  log(1
In (1 ++u)u)
 3 2 
cos θ
= − log | sec θ + tan θ | + 2∫ dθ
2 − sin2 θ 2u3 − 3u2 + 6u 1 2
−∫ du − 6 [In(1 + u)]
[log(1 + u)]2
u+1 2
dt
= − log | sec θ + tan θ | + ∫ 2 − t2 , where sin θ = t = (2u3 – 3u2 + 6u) log (1 + u)
 11u 
= − log | sec θ + tan θ | +2 ·
1
log
2 + sin θ
+c − ∫  2u2 − 5u +  du − 3[In(1
[log(1+ u)]2 2
+ u)]
 u+1
2 2 2 − sin θ
= (2u3 – 3u2 + 6u) log (1 + u)
− log cot x + cot2 x − 1
=
2u3
2u3 55 22 
=
−− −− uu ++11u
11u−−11
11log
InIn(u
(u++1)
1) [log(1
−−3[In(1 +22u)]2
+ u)]
1 2 + 1 − tan2 x
=  33 22  3[In(1 + u)]
+ log +c  
2 2 − 1 − tan2 x
3 2/3 12 7/12 12
∴=I x − x + 2x1/2 − x5/12 + 3x1/3 − 4x1/ 4
2 7 5
 1 In(1 + 6 x )  – 6x1/6 – 12x1/12 + 12 log (x1/12+1)
12: Let I
Sol= ∫  3 x + 4 x + 3
x + x 
 dx
 + (2x1/2 – 3x1/3 + 6x1/61111/1) log(1+ x1/6)
∴ I = I 1 + I2 ,
 2 2 1/2 5 5 1/31/3 1/61/6 
− −  x1/2
x − − x x 11x 11x − −1111 In(1+ +x1/6
In(1
log x1/6))
 1  In(1 + 6 x ) 3 3 2 2 
=where I1 ∫=
3  dx , I2 ∫ dx
4 3
 x+ x x+ x
 M a them a ti cs | 22.71

– 3 [log (1 + x1/6)]2 + c ∴ From Eq. (i)

3 2/3 12 7/12 4 1/2 12 5/12 1 1 3 x

= x − x + x − x I=– log |x+1| + log |x2 +1| + tan–1x + +c
2 7 3 5 2 4 2 2
x +1
1
+ x1/3 − 4x1/ 4 − 7x1/6 − 12x1/12  2x + 2 
2 Sol 14: Let I = ∫ sin−1   dx
 2 
(2x1/2
++(2x 1/2
3x1/3
−−3x 1/3
6x1/6
−−6x 1/6
++11) In(1++xx1/6
11)log
In(1 1/6
))  4x + 8x + 13 
 2x + 2 
+ 12log(1 + x1/2) − 3[log(1 + x1/6)]2 + c −1   dx
= ∫ sin
 (2x + 2)2 + 9 
 
x3 + 3x + 2 x3 + 2x + x + 2 Put 2x + 2 = 3 tan θ ⇒ 2dx = 3sec2qdθ
Sol 13: =
2 2 2 2
(x + 1) (x + 1) (x + 1) (x + 1)
−1
 3tan θ  3
2 = ∴I ∫ sin   · sec2 θ dθ
x(x + 1) + 2(x + 1) x 2  2  2
= = +  9 tan θ + 9 
(x2 + 1)2 (x + 1) (x2 + 1)(x + 1) (x2 + 1)2
−1  3tan θ  3 2
Again,
x
=
Ax + B
+
C = ∫ sin 
 3sec θ
 · sec θ dθ
 2
(x + 1)(x + 1) (x + 1) (x + 1)
2 2

−1  sin θ  3 2
⇒ x = (Ax + B) (x + 1) + C (x2 + 1) = ∫ sin 
 cos θ · sec θ
 · sec θ dθ
 2
Putting x = –1,we get –1 = 2C ⇒ C = –1/2
3
sin−1 (sin θ)·sec2 θ dθ
2∫
Equation coefficient of x2, we get =

0 = A + C ⇒ A = –C = 1/2
3 3
= ∫ θ ·sec2 θ dθ = [θ · tan θ – ∫ 1· tan θ dθ]
Putting x = 0,we obtain 2 2
0 = B + C ⇒ B = –C = 1/2
3
= [θ tanθ − log sec θ ] + c
3
x + 3x + 2 x +1
1 2 2
= +−
2 2
(x + 1) (x + 1) 2(x + 1) 2(x
2 + 1) (x + 1)2
2
 2
3  −1  2x + 2   2x + 2   2x + 2  
= tan  ·
   − log 1 +   +c
x3 + 3x + 2 2  3   3   3   1
∴I = ∫ dx  
(x2 + 1)2 (x + 1)  2x + 2  3   2x + 2 
2
= (x + 1)tan−1   − log  1 +   + c
1 dx 1 x +1 dx  3  4   3   1
=– ∫  
2 x + 1 2 ∫ x2 + 1
+ dx + 2∫
(x2 + 1)2
 2x + 2  3
1 1 1 = (x + 1)tan−1  2
 − log(4x + 8x + 13) + c
⇒ I = – log |x+1| + log |x +1| + tan x + 2I1 ...(i)
2 –1
 3  4
2 4 2
dx  3 
where I1 = ∫  let log3 + c1 = c
(x2 + 1)2  2 

Put x = tan θ ⇒ dx = sec2 θ d θ

Sol 15: For any natural number m, the given integral
sec2 θdθ 2 1 can be written as,
I1 ∫ ∫ cos θ= 2∫
∴
= = dθ (1 + cos2θ)dθ
(tan2 θ + 1)2
3m
I= ∫ (x + x2m + xm )(2x3m + 3x2m + 6xm )1/m dx
1 1  1 1 tan θ
= θ + sin2θ = θ+ ·
2 2  2 2 (1 + tan2 θ) 3m
⇒I
= ∫ (2x + 3x2m + 6xm )1/m (x3m−1 + x2m−1 + xm−1 ) dx
1 1 x
= tan−1 x + ·
2 2 (1 + x2 ) Put 2x3m + 3x2m + 6xm = t
 2 2 . 7 2 | Indefinite Integration

⇒ (6mx3m–1 + 6mx2m–1 + 6mxm–1)dx = dt 1  1 t2 

=
−  + 
11  11 7 
1
+1 r 2 
dt 1 tm
1/m 1 1 1 2
=∴ I ∫=
t ·
6m 6m  1  =
−  + ( sec x + tanx )  + k .
11 7
( sec x + tanx )
11/2
 + 1  
m 
(m+1)
1
= · (2x3m + 3x2m + 6xm ) m +c
6(m + 1)

Sol 16: (C)

(
ex e2x − 1 ) (z 2
−1 ) where z = ex
=J−I ∫ e=4x
+ e2x + 1
dx ∫ z 4 + z + 1 dz
  1 1 
 1 −1 − 2  dx  dx
1  e e+x + e−ex−−x 1− 1 
x
  z z2  = 1 In
 x
In
= log 
J −J −
I= ∫ ∫ z +z +1 1− 1− 1 2 2  e e+x +e−ex−+x 1+ 1 
I=
 
  z z 

1  exex++e−ex− x−−11 
∴ J − I = 1In
log
In    + c.
22  exex++e−ex− x++11 
 

sec2 x
Sol 17: (C) I = ∫ 9
dx
( sec x + tanx ) 2

Let sec x + tanx =

t
⇒ sec x − tanx =
1/t
sec x ( sec x + tanx ) dx =
dt
S
dt 1  1 
sec x=
dx , t += sec x
t 2 t

 1
t +  1  −9 2 −12 
1  t  dt
I= ∫
2
=
9 t
∫
2 
t + t 2 dt

t 2

 −9 +1 −13 +1 
1t 2 t 2 
=  
2 9 13
− + 1 − 2 + 1
 2 

 −7 −11 
1 t 2 t 2 
=  + 
2 7 11 
− −
 2 2 

1 −7 1 −11
− t 2 − t 2
=
7 11

1 1 1 1
=
− −
7 2 11 11 2
7
t t