11

Earth & Life

Science
Earth and Life Science - Grade 11/12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Earth and Earth System
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Sheary Flor F. Esprela
Editors: Sheary Flor F. Esprela
Reviewers: Laforeza L. Maguate, John Jerson P. Constantino
Illustrator: Ella Marie Corpuz, Graciel Monica V. Padre-i
Layout Artist: Maylene F. Grigana
Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Gildo G. Mosqueda, CEO VI - Schools Division Superintendent
Diosdado F. Ablanido, CPA – Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, Science
Donna S. Panes – Chief, CID
Elizabeth G. Torres – EPS, LRMS
Judith B. Alba – EPS, ADM
Norma P. Rendon – EPS, Science

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 11

Earth & Life

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Earth and Earth
System
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth & Life Science 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Earth and
Earth System!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Earth and
Earth System!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Hi! Planet Earth is known to be the only habitable planet in the solar system
and the entire universe. You can see its huge oceans, rivers, lakes, and other bodies
of water where you can find diverse aquatic and marine species, you also feel the air
you breathe, the landmasses where humans live and the places where all living things
exist.

Images of how earth’s subsystems interact with each other

In this module, you will gain knowledge that Earth consists of four subsystems,
across whose boundaries matter and energy flow. It has its own system composed of
four major subsystems called spheres.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the four major components of the Earth system and give examples
from their local study site
2. Infer connections among elements of the of each major components by
describing connections at their local study site; and
3. Predict some ways that changes in one element of the study site might affect
changes in other elements.
4. Explain how matter and energy transfer happen in the system

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 How to learn from this module

I know you are excited to start this adventure just as I am, but remember to do
the following tips to successfully achieve the objectives of this learning kit.

1. Read the instructions carefully.

2. Follow the instructions carefully.
3. Answer the pretest before you start the lesson.
4. Take note and record points for clarifications.
5. Seriously answer the given questions in pretest and posttests and try to
achieve the level of proficiency at 75% or more.
6. Work diligently and honestly.

What I Know

To start off, you have to answer the pretest for you

to measure how much you know about the topic.
You can start now.
• There are 20 questions. Each question has ONLY
ONE CORRECT ANSWER. Choose the letter that
corresponds to the correct answer.
•Each question is worth 1 point.
• Read each question fully and carefully. Take your
time.
• GOOD LUCK!

1. All living things on earth are part of the…

A. Biosphere
B. Lithosphere
C. Hydrosphere
D. Atmosphere
2. The Lithosphere is…
A. All liquid water on Earth
B. A 100km thick layer of gases
C. Frozen water on earth
D. Earth’s entire solid body

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3. A large part of Earth’s water is…
A. In the oceans
B. In the seas
C. Frozen
D. In the biosphere
4. Animals and plants needing water to survive show which two systems
interacting?
A. Lithosphere and biosphere
B. Hydrosphere and lithosphere
C. Biosphere ad hydrosphere
D. Atmosphere and biosphere
5. “Bio” from the word biosphere means…
A. Science
B. Math
C. Earth
D. Life
6. Most of the earth’s water is
A. Fresh water found underground
B. In the atmosphere
C. Salt water
D. In rivers and lakes
7. Part of the atmosphere that protects us form the direct hit of solar radiation
A. Air
B. Ozone Layer
C. Gases
D. Water
8. “Hydro” means…
A. Sphere
B. Earth
C. Life
D. Water
9. Photosynthesis is an example of an interaction between the biosphere and the:
A. Atmosphere
B. Lithosphere
C. Biosphere
D. Hydrosphere
10. What is the Earth’s largest subsystem?
A. Biosphere
B. Lithosphere
C. Hydrosphere
D. Atmosphere

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11. What is the Earth’s outermost system?
A. Atmosphere
B. Hydrosphere
C. Biosphere
D. Lithosphere
12. The earth’s four subsystems are…
A. Independent from one another
B. All part of the atmosphere
C. All connected
D. Not important for life on earth
13. Approximately, what percentage of the Earth’s water is available for human
use?
A. 100%
B. 5%
C. 1%
D. 50%
14. All of the water in all forms that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth is known
as:
A. Rain
B. Precipitation
C. Weather
D. Hydrosphere
15. Fresh water is important for life on Earth because:
A. Without fresh water sources, people will get sick and die
B. We need water to grow food
C. The biosphere needs water
D. All of the above

16.

This photo is mainly showing an example of the:

A. Hydrosphere
B. Lithosphere
C. Atmosphere
D. Biosphere

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17. What is an example of a connection between ATMOsphere and LITHOsphere?
A. Water
B. Nitrogen
C. Volcanic Eruptions release Gas
D. Mountains
18. An example of connection between ATMOsphere and HYDROsphere
A. Rivers
B. Rain
C. Lakes
D. Rocks
19. An example of BIOsphere connecting to ATMOsphere
A. Plants produce oxygen
B. Animals eat plants
C. Animals live in caves
D. Animals drink water
20. An example of connection between HYDROsphere and LITHOsphere is:
A. Boats transporting goods
B. Fish swimming in water
C. Water evaporating to make clouds
D. Waves eroding rocks on beach

Notes to the Teacher

Use video links and additional references for in depth
discussion of the topic.
Strategies such as differentiated instruction, ICT integration
may also be utilize especially in presenting the main idea.
Make sure to check individual activity sheets and provide
immediate feed backing.

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 Lesson

1 The Earth System

Hello! Are you excited? Let’s explore!

What’s In

Scientists increasingly view Earth as a dynamic system – a combination of

interrelated, interdependent or interacting parts forming a collective whole or
entity. Earth system, in terms of its four central components known as the
subsystems are the: hydrosphere (water), lithosphere (land), atmosphere
(air) and biosphere (living thing).
These subsystems are interconnected by processes and cycles, which, over
time, intermittently store, transform and/or transfer matter and energy throughout
the whole Earth system in ways that are governed by the laws of conservation of
matter and energy. The energy that drives these processes comes mainly from the
Sun and sometimes from energy sources within the Earth.

COMPONENTS OR SUBSYTEMS OF THE EARTH SYSTEM

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Hydrosphere (“hydro “means water)
This covers about 75% of Earth’s surface, including groundwater and Earth’s
frozen water (the cryosphere) and almost 1% of the water is drinkable. The Oceans
help regulate climate by absorbing large amounts of solar energy, particularly near the
equator, and circulating heat towards the poles. Water constantly circulates between
the hydrosphere, the lithosphere, and the atmosphere through water cycle processes.

Lithosphere (“litho” means stone or rock)

Made up of plates and it includes all the solid part of the Earth that covers
approximately 10% of earth’s surface and deeply affects every part of the ecosystem.
It extends up to the inner core of the planet. Soil supports billions of plants, animals,
and microorganisms, it filters water, and it facilitates the decomposition of wastes. This
holds air, water, heat, and nutrients and is the medium in which we grow food and
fiber. It is responsible for the formation of many landforms through its endogenic
activities.

Atmosphere (“atmos” means vapor)

This component is the blanket of gas that surrounds Earth. This distributes rain
and traps some of the heat radiated by Earth to help keep us warm. It also protects us
from harmful solar radiation through the ozone layer, and plays a role in driving ocean
currents that redistribute Earth’s heat. Component layers are the troposphere,
stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere.

Biosphere (“bio” means life)

It consists of all living things, plants and animals, from microbes to humans.
This is intimately connected with and dependent on the other spheres. Through
processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decay, and human activity such as
burning forests or fossil fuels, the biosphere continuously exchanges gases with the
atmosphere. Human activities can also cause changes in land and water use. To the
extent that the biosphere modifies the other components of the Earth system, it can
also modify Earth’s climate.

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 What is It

Activity: Think Globally, Act Locally

In this activity, you will investigate Earth systems by making observations in
nature and identifying systems in the natural world.

Materials:

Student Capture Sheet

Guiding Questions

What “systems” are found on Earth?

How do Earth’s systems interact?

Engage - Nature Walk Observations

Procedures:

1. Take an outside nature walk for 5-10 minutes. As you walk, record at least five
observations. What do you see? What’s going on outside today? What
do you see happening in nature? Have you noticed any changes in nature
around your home or school? Your observations might seem simple or obvious,
but they will be important later on.
2. Look for the components of Earth systems (water, soil, air, living things, sun).
Identify the system that each observation falls into on your data capture sheet.
3. Observe in more detail and describe the interactions between the systems.
Write the observation. Draw arrows with notes explaining the connections
between parts based on that observation.
Observation System
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 What’s More

Continue your nature walk for few more minutes. Name something from each
spheres of the Earth system (lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere) that
you interact with every day.

__________________________ _____________________________

__________________________ _____________________________

__________________________ _____________________________

Explain

How do those things impact your life?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

After seeing many examples, what conclusions about Earth’s systems can you
make?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

When human population in your study site increases, how would this affects the rest
of the system?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

Interconnections and Processes

Matter Transfer

At the local level, there are many simple examples of interconnections between
components and the elements of the Earth system. The roots of the plants (biosphere)
draw water and nutrients from the lithosphere, exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
with the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis, and send water into the
atmosphere through the process of transpiration. Plants also die and decompose to
become part of the lithosphere. Water evaporates from rivers (hydrosphere) and the
soil (lithosphere) to become part of the atmosphere. Oxygen in the atmosphere
dissolves in a river (hydrosphere). Fish (biosphere) draw dissolved oxygen into their
bodies from the hydrosphere.

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Energy Transfer

In addition to the exchanges of matter, the transfer of energy is a key process

of the Earth system. The sun warms the lithosphere, which transfers its heat to the
atmosphere; warmed air transfers heat to cooler land surfaces; evaporation from a
lake (hydrosphere) transfer heat to the atmosphere; rivers and ocean currents
redistribute heat energy; precipitation can warm or cool the lithosphere on which it
falls.

Change Leads to Change

Because of the interconnectedness, changes in one sphere bring about

changes in the others. Sometimes these changes are dramatic. Droughts
(atmosphere) can cause severe changes in the hydrosphere, the biosphere, and the
lithosphere. Frequently these changes are more subtle. Heavy rain also changes the
amount of soil moisture and frequent raining leads to erosions in the lithosphere.
These are some examples of change in one sphere leads to change on the other
spheres.

What I Have Learned

 Hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. The hydrosphere

includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air.
A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice. On Earth, liquid water exists
on the surface in the form of oceans, lakes and rivers.

 Lithosphere is the rocky outer part of the Earth. It is made up of the brittle crust
and the top part of the upper mantle. The lithosphere is the coolest and most
rigid part of the Earth.

 The biosphere is a global ecosystem composed of living organisms (biota) and

the abiotic (nonliving) factors from which they derive energy and nutrients.

 Atmosphere the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth; the air.

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 What I Can Do

Evaluate

Match these words inside the box that correspond to the

system below.
Water, earth materials, air, living things

Hydrosphere =___________________________
Biosphere = ___________________________
Atmosphere = ___________________________
Lithosphere = ___________________________

Assessment

1. An example of BIOsphere connecting to ATMOsphere

A. Plants produce oxygen
B. Animals eat plants
C. Animals live in caves
D. Animals drink water
2. An example of connection between HYDROsphere and LITHOsphere is:
A. Boats transporting goods
B. Fish swimming in water
C. Water evaporating to make clouds
D. Waves eroding rocks on beach
3. What is an example of a connection between ATMOsphere and LITHOsphere?
A. Water
B. Nitrogen
C. Volcanic Eruptions release Gas
D. Mountains
4. An example of connection between ATMOsphere and HYDROsphere
A. Rivers
B. Rain
C. Lakes
D. Rocks

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5. This photo is mainly showing an example of the:

A. Hydrosphere
B. Lithosphere
C. Atmosphere
D. Biosphere
6. Fresh water is important for life on Earth because:
A. Without fresh water sources, people will get sick and die
B. We need water to grow food
C.
D. The biosphere needs water
E. All of the above
7. Approximately, what percentage of the Earth’s water is available for human
use?
A. 100%
B. 5%
C. 1%
D. 50%
8. All of the water in all forms that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth is known
as:
A. Rain
B. Precipitation
C. Weather
D. Hydrosphere
9. All living things on earth are part of the…
A. Biosphere
B. Lithosphere
C. Hydrosphere
D. Atmosphere
10. “Bio” from the word biosphere means…
A. Science
B. Math
C. Earth
D. Life

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11. Part of the atmosphere that protects us form the direct hit of solar radiation
A. Air
B. Ozone Layer
C. Gases
D. Water
12. The Lithosphere is…
A. All liquid water on Earth
B. A 100km thick layer of gases
C. Frozen water on earth
D. Earth’s entire solid body
13. “Hydro” means…
A. Sphere
B. Earth
C. Life
D. Water
14. The earth’s four subsystems are…
A. Independent from one another
B. All part of the atmosphere
C. All connected
D. Not important for life on earth
15. A large part of Earth’s water is…
A. In the oceans
B. In the seas
C. Frozen
D. In the biosphere
16. What is the Earth’s largest subsystem?
A. Biosphere
B. Lithosphere
C. Hydrosphere
D. Atmosphere
17. Photosynthesis is an example of an interaction between the biosphere and the:
A. Atmosphere
B. Lithosphere
C. Biosphere
D. Hydrosphere
18. Animals and plants needing water to survive show which two systems
interacting?
A. Lithosphere and biosphere
B. Hydrosphere and lithosphere
C. Biosphere ad hydrosphere
D. Atmosphere and biosphere

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 19. What is the Earth’s outermost system?
A. Atmosphere
B. Hydrosphere
C. Biosphere
D. Lithosphere
20. Most of the earth’s water is
A. Fresh water found underground
B. In the atmosphere
C. Salt water
D. In rivers and lakes

Additional Activities

Performance Task:
Create a poster/illustration that represents your environment showing the
interactions among the four spheres.

RUBRIC FOR REPORT MAKING

Category 10 8 6 4

Contributions Provides useful ideas Usually Sometimes Rarely provides

when doing group provides ideas provides ideas to the
work. A real leader in group work. ideas in group. May
who contributes a lot A strong group work. A even refuse to
of effort. member who satisfactory participate.
tries hard. group
member who
does what is
required.

Quality of Work Provides excellent Provides high Provides work Provides work
quality of work quality work that needs to that usually
be rechecked needs to be
by group redone or
members. rechecked by
others.

Time management Uses time well and Uses time well Tends to Rarely gets
has things completed but may have procrastinate things done by
on time. Deadlines procrastinated but still deadlines and
and responsibilities on an item but meets had to change
are followed. deadlines were deadlines. responsibilities
still met. in the group to
ensure time
management.

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Attitude Never is publicly Rarely is Occasionally Often is critical
critical of any ones’ publicly critical is publicly publicly and
idea, opinions or and usually critical and often has a
work. Always has a has a positive usually has a negative
positive attitude about attitude. positive attitude toward
the task. attitude. the task

Focus to task Continuously stays Focuses to the Focuses to Rarely focuses

focused to the task. task most of the task some on the task.
Very self-motivated. the time. Can of the time. Lets others do
be depended Others need the work.
on to complete to encourage,
a task. prod and
remind this
person to stay
on task

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Assessment What I Know
1. A 1. A
2. B 2. D
3. C 3. A
4. B 4. A
5. B 5. D
6. D 6. C
7. C 7. B
8. B 8. D
9. A 9. A
10. D 10. B
11. B 11. A
12. D 12. C
13. D 13. C
14. C 14. B
15. A 15. D
16. B 16. B
17. A 17. C
18. C 18. B
19. A 19. A
20. C 20. B
Answer Key
References
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1256-what-is-the-earth-system

https://gpm.nasa.gov/education/lesson-plans/connect-spheres-earth-systems-interactions

https://www.google.com/search?q=saltation&oq=saltation&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i59.3048j0j7&sou
rceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with the
primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of this
module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This
is a supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII in all public
schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in
the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback,
comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]

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