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1) The document provides calculations to determine the diameter of a cake given its volume of 19000 cm3 and height of 7 cm. It is determined the diameter would be 58.783 cm. 2) Maximum dimensions for a cake are given as diameter of 60 cm and height of 45 cm. Any height lower than 7 cm or higher than 45 cm would not fit properly in the baking oven. A suggested dimension is a height and diameter of 29 cm for better symmetry and ease of decorating. 3) Data is presented on volume of cream used for different cake heights. The minimum volume is 3303.66 cm3 at a height of 18 cm, with a radius of 18.3 cm. Differentiation

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Extra Add Maths

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SG94

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1) 1 kg = 3800 cm3

h = 7 cm
5 kg = 3800 x 5
= 19000 cm3
V = _r2h
19000 = 3.142 x r2 x 7
r2 = 19000
3.142 x 7
r2 = 863.872
r = 29.392 cm
d = 2r
d = 58.783 cm
2) Maximum dimensions of cake:
d = 60.0 cm
h = 45.0 cm
.

a)
b) i) h < 7 cm , h > 45 cm
This is because any heights lower than 7 cm will result in the diameter of the cake
being too big to fit into the baking oven while any heights higher than 45 cm will
cause the cake being too tall to fit into the baking oven
b) ii) I would suggest the dimensions of the cake to be 29 cm in height and approximately
29 cm in diameter. This is because a cake with these dimensions is more
symmetrical and easier to decorate.

Part 3
Method 1: By comparing values of height against volume of cream
used.

Volume of
cream
used/cm3
19983.61

Volume of
cream
used/cm3
3303.66

Volume of
cream
used/cm3
3629.54

10546.04

3304.98

3657.46

7474.42

3310.62

3685.67

5987.37

3319.86

3714.13

5130.07

3332.12

3742.81

4585.13

3346.94

3771.67

4217.00

3363.92

3800.67

3958.20

3382.74

3829.79

3771.41

3403.14

3859.01

3634.38

3424.89

3888.30

3533.03

3447.80

3917.65

3458.02

3471.71

3947.04

3402.96

3496.47

3976.46

3363.28

3521.98

4005.88

3335.70

3548.12

4035.31

3317.73

3574.81

4064.72

3307.53

3601.97

h/cm

According to the table above, the minimum volume of cream used is 3303.66
cm3 when h =
18cm.
When h = 18cm, r = 18.3 cm

Method 2: Using differentiation

Assuming that the surface area of the cake is proportionate to the amount of
fresh cream needed to decorate the cake.*
Formula for surface area
= r2 + 2rh
h = 19000 / 3.142r2
Surface area in contact with cream
= r2 + 2r (19000 / 3.142r2)
= r2 + (38000/r)
The values, when plotted into a graph will from a minimum value that can be
obtained through differentiation.
dy = 0
dx
dy = 2r (38000/r2)
dx
0 = 2r (38000/r2)
0 = 6.284r3 38000
38000 = 6.284r3
6047.104 = r3
18.22 = r
When r = 18.22 cm, h = 18.22 cm
The dimensions of the cake that requires the minimum amount of fresh
cream to decorate is approximately 18.2 cm in height and 18.2 cm in radius.
I would bake a cake of such dimensions because the cake would not be too
large for the cutting or eating of said cake, and it would not be too big to
bake in a conventional oven.
* The above conjecture is proven by the following
When r = 10,
the total surface area of the cake is 4114.2 cm2
the amount of fresh cream needed to decorate the cake is 4381.2 cm3
the ratio of total surface area of cake to amount of fresh cream
needed is 0.94
When r = 20,
the total surface area of the cake is 3156.8 cm2
the amount of fresh cream needed to decorate the cake is 3308.5 cm3
the ratio of total surface area of cake to amount of fresh cream needed
is 0.94

Therefore, the above conjecture is proven to be true.

Further Exploration
Volume of cake 1
= r2h
= 3.142 x 31 x 31 x 6
= 18116.772 cm3
Volume of cake 2
= r2h
= 3.142 x (0.9 x 31)2 x 6
= 3.142 x (27.9)2 x 6
= 14676.585 cm3
Volume of cake 3
= r2h
= 3.142 x (0.9 x 0.9 x 31)2 x 6
= 3.142 x (25.11)2 x 6
= 11886.414 cm3
Volume of cake 4
= r2h
= 3.142 x (0.9 x 0.9 x 0.9 x 31)2 x 6
= 3.142 x (22.599)2 x 6
= 9627.995 cm3
The values 118116.772, 14676.585, 11886.414, 9627.995 form a number
pattern.
The pattern formed is a geometrical progression.
This is proven by the fact that there is a common ratio between subsequent
numbers,
r = 0.81.
14676.585
18116.772

= 0.81

18116.772
14676.585

= 0.81

9627.995
11886.414

= 0.81

b) Sn = a (1-rn)
1-r
= 18116.772 (1-0.8n)
1-0.8
15 kg = 57000 cm3
57000 > 18116.772(1-0.8n)
0.2
11400 > 18116.772(1-0.8n)
0.629 > 1-0.8n
-0.371 > - 0.8n
0.371 < 0.8n
log 0.371 < n log 0.8
log 0.371 < n
log 0.8
4.444 < n
n=4