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Comm Lab Exp3

This document describes an experiment on frequency modulation and demodulation. The objectives are to introduce frequency modulation, where the frequency of a carrier signal is varied according to an input message signal, and demodulation, where the original message is recovered. In the experiment, a carrier signal is modulated with DC and sinusoidal message signals of varying frequencies. The modulated signal is then demodulated and compared to the original to observe the effects of modulation and verify successful demodulation. Key results include verifying the dependency of carrier frequency changes on the message signal and observing the effects of different message signal frequencies.

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Ahmed Mashhoor
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30 views

Comm Lab Exp3

This document describes an experiment on frequency modulation and demodulation. The objectives are to introduce frequency modulation, where the frequency of a carrier signal is varied according to an input message signal, and demodulation, where the original message is recovered. In the experiment, a carrier signal is modulated with DC and sinusoidal message signals of varying frequencies. The modulated signal is then demodulated and compared to the original to observe the effects of modulation and verify successful demodulation. Key results include verifying the dependency of carrier frequency changes on the message signal and observing the effects of different message signal frequencies.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Mashhoor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMUNICATIONS LAB.

Experiment #3: Frequency Modulation / Demodulation

OBJECTIVES
Introduction to frequency modulation and demodulation.

GENERAL INFORMATION on Frequency Modulation/Demodulation


The most obvious modulation method is to vary the carrier amplitude with the instantaneous message signal
value. However, the amplitude is not the only quantity the carrier that can be used to carry the message. It is
also possible to vary the frequency of the signal, and this is called frequency modulation or FM. In FM,
carrier frequency is varried within some small range about a center frequency with message signal's
instantaneous amplitude. This is illustrated in Fig. 1. The relation is as follows;

Message Signal: 𝑉𝑀 (t)


Carrier Signal: 𝑉𝐶 (t) = 𝑉𝐶𝑂 sin( 2  𝑓𝐶 t + 
FM Signal: 𝑉𝐹𝑀 (t) = 𝑉𝐶𝑂 sin (2 𝑓𝐶 + (f/𝑉𝑀𝑂 ) 𝑉𝑀 (t) t + 

where f is the peak frequency deviation (swing).

Figure 1 Illustration of modulating and modulated signal

There are also some advantages & disadvantages of FM compared to AM;


- FM systems are far better at rejecting noise than AM systems. (research why?)
- FM signals generally have significantly larger effective bandwidths than AM.
- One disadvantage of FM is that the demodulator is somewhat more complicated and expensive than the
very simple envelope detectors used in AM.
- The sidebands of FM signal theoretically extend out to infinity. To limit the bandwidth, filters are used.
Filters may introduce some distortion.

Wideband FM is regarded as a very high quality voice transmission method in broadcasting. It is widely used
for communications where resilience to signal strength variations is desired.
In modern digital communication systems, FM (or its digital version FSK) is rarely used by itself alone. It is
usually combined with other digital communication techniques.

EXPERIMENT

1. The Frequency Modulation

a) Generate (and observe within CH1) 0Volt DC on "DC supply” and connect it to Vm input of the FM
module.

b) Connect CH2 of the scope to the FM output of the FM module and adjust Carrier Frequency to get a
160kHz carrier. Draw the signal in your report.
COMMUNICATIONS LAB. Experiment #3: Frequency Modulation / Demodulation
c) Adjust message signal to +5V DC and observe Vm and FM outputs. Draw the resulting signal on CH2
in your report.

d) Repeat step c with -5V DC. Draw it again in your report. Summary; We have observed the changes on
the carrier signal with message inputs of 0V, +5V and -5V. Comment on the dependency between the
frequency changes of the output signal and the input message signal. Estimate the frequency deviation
constant we have seen in FM subject in the class.

e) Instead of using DC supply output as input, now generate 40kHz 15Vpp sinusoidal signal on FG1 and
us it as the message signal. Try to stabilize the display on the scope and draw the resulting signal in your
report (both CH1 and CH2).

f) Comment on the resulting FM signal. Does it conform the frequency deviation relation you have
previously estimated?

g) Observe the frequency spectrum of FM signal using the FFT function. Draw the spectrum and comment
on it. Does it meet your expectations?

h) Repeat the experiment using 10kHz 15Vpp sinusoidal message signal. Draw the FM signal in your report
and comment. What changes did you see compared to your result observed with 40kHz message signal?

i) Now, sligthly change the carrier frequency and observe the changes at the output. What did you expect
and what did you get? Comment on it while drawing the comparative result in your report.

2. The Frequency Demodulation

j) Observe a 170kHz FM carrier by applying 0V DC to the message input of the FM modulator.

k) Now, instead of DC, apply 40kHz 15Vpp sinusoidal (use FG1) message signal to FM modulator.

l) Make required connections to demodulate this FM signal through FM demodulator.

m) Make required adjustments so that you see both the original message sinusoidal and the demodulated
message signal on CH1 and CH2 of the scope. You may need to adjust PLL Frequency. Draw both
signals in your report and comment. Did you get what you have expected? What do you think of the
purpose of the PLL?

n) Change the message signal to triangular from sinusoidal. Did you get what you have expected for the
demodulated signal? Comment on it.

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