AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIECTRIONAL VISTIOR COUNTER

ABSTRACT
The fear of theft and burglary always annoys many people. When lock and keys become less
safe, one can seek the help of electronic security systems. Such a portable security system is
described here. This electronic setup auto activated whenever the intruder enters to the
unauthorized no entry area. It auto activate the landline number and redial the last dialed
number from the conventional telephone. All we need is to do minor changes to activate this
telephone as it works as to become auto dialer circuit. Thus whenever the intruder enters to
the area, it activates the sensor circuit of either sound activation or infrared light beam
obstruction circuit, the redial circuit become active and give a ring tone to the receiving end.
It may be a mobile phone or any landline phone or even police control room.

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 AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIECTRIONAL VISTIOR COUNTER

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
1.1 Project Definition:-

Project title is “Automatic Room Light Controller With Bidirectional Visitor Counter”.

The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count number of persons
visiting particular room and accordingly light up the room. Here we can use sensor and can
know present number of persons.

In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances. With the increase in
standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the
complexity of life.

Also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room soaps not to have
congestion, this circuit proves to be helpful. This project "automatic room light controller
with visitor counter using microcontroller" is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of
persons/visitor in the room very accurately. When somebody enters into the room will be
switched ON and when any one. The light in room will be only switched OFF until all the
persons in the room go out. The total number of person inside the room also displayed on the
seven segment displays. The microcontroller does the above job. it receives the signals from
the sencers, and this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in rom.
Micron roller AT89S52 continuously monitor the infrared receivers, when any object pass
through the IR rays falling on the receivers are obstructed this obstruction is sensed by the
microcontroller.

1.2Project Overview:-

This Project ―Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter using Microcontroller
is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well us counting
number of persons/ visitors in the room very accurately. When somebody enters into the
room then the counter is incremented by one and the light in the room will be switched ON
and when any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one. The light will be
only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of persons
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inside the room is also displayed on the seven segment displays. The microcontroller does the
above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the
control of software which is stored in ROM.

MicrocontrollerAT89S52 continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers, When any object pass
through the IR Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the receiver are obstructed , this
obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller.

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 AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIECTRIONAL VISTIOR COUNTER

CHAPTER-2
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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2.2Block Diagram Description:-

The basic block diagram of the bidirectional visitor counter with automatic light controller is
shown in the above figure. Mainly this block diagram consists of the following essential
blocks.

1. Power Supply

2. Entry and Exit sensor circuit

3. AT 89S52 micro-controller

4. Relay driver circuit

1. Power Supply:-

Here we used +12V and +5V dc power supply. The main function of this block is to provide
the required amount of voltage to essential circuits. +12voltage is given. +12V is given to
relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we have used here IC 7805, which provides the
+5V dc regulated power supply.

2. Enter and Exit Circuits:-

This is one of the main parts of our project. The main intention of this block is to sense the
person. For sensing the person and light we are using the light dependent register (LDR). By
using this sensor and its related circuit diagram we can count the persons.

3. 89S52 Microcontroller:-

It is a low-power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with8KB of Flash

Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). THE device is manufactured
using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the MCS-
51TMinstruction set and pin out. Theon-chip Flash allows the program memory to be
reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By
combining a versatile 8-bitCPU with Flash on a monolithic hip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a
powerful.

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4. Relay Driver Circuit:-

This block has the potential to drive the various controlled devices. In this block mainly we
are using the transistor and the relays. One relay driver circuit we are using to control the
light. Output signal from AT89S52 is given to the base of the transistor, which we are further
energizing the particular relay. Because of this appropriate device is selected and it do its
allotted function.

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CHAPTER-3

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
There are two main parts of the circuits.

3.1.Transmission Circuit (Infrared LEDs)

3.2. Receiver Circuit (Sensors)

3.1 Transmission circuit;

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This circuit diagram shows a 555 timer IC, configured to function as a basic actable
multivibrator.The stabl emultivibratorgenerates squarewave, the period of which is
determined by the circuit external to IC 555. Theastable multivibrator does not require any
external trigger to change the stateof the output. Hence the name free running oscillator. The
time during whichthe output is either high or low is determined by the two resistors and a
capacitor which are externally connected to the 555 timer.

In this circuit, a negative pulse applied at pin 2 triggers an internal flip-flop that turns off
pin 7's discharge transistor, allowing C1 to charge up throughR1. At the same time, the flip-
flop brings the output (pin 3) level to 'high’. When capacitor C1 as charged up to about 2/3
Vcc, the flip-flop is triggered once again, this time making the pin 3 output 'low' and turning
on pin 7's discharge transistor, which discharges C1 to ground. This circuit, in effect,
produces a pulseat pin 3 whose width t is just the product of R1 and C1, i.e., t=R1C1.

IR Transmission circuit is used to generate the modulated 36 kHz IR signal. The IC555 in
the transmitter side is to generate 36 kHz square wave. Adjust the preset in the transmitter to
get a 38 kHz signal at the o/p. Then you point it over the sensor and its o/p will go low when
it senses the IR signal of 38 kHz

3.2 Receiver circuit:-

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 AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIECTRIONAL VISTIOR COUNTER

The IR transmitter will emit modulated 38 kHz IR signal and at the receiver we use
TSOP1738 (Infrared Sensor). The output goes high when there is an interruption and it return
back to low after the time period determined by the capacitor and resistor in the circuit i.e.
around 1 second. CL100 is to trigger theIC555 which is configured as monostable
multivibrator. Input is given to the Port 1of the microcontroller. Port 0 is used for the 7-
Segment display purpose. Port 2 is used for the Relay Turn On and Turn off Purpose.LTS
542 (Common Anode) is used for 7-Segment display and that time Relay will get voltage and
triggered, so light will get voltage and it will turn on and when counter will be 00 and at that
time Relay will be turned off. Reset button will reset the microcontroller.

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 AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIECTRIONAL VISTIOR COUNTER

CHAPTER-4
LIST OF COMPONENTS

1. Microcontroller – AT89S52

2. IC – 7805

3. Sensor – TSOP 1738 (Infrared Sensor)

4. Transformer – 12-0-12, 500 mA

5. Preset – 4.7K

6. Disc capacitor – 104,33pF

7. Reset button switch

8. Rectifier diode – IN4148

9. 9.Transistor – BC 547, 2N2222

10.7-Segment Display

5.1 Description of Components;-

1.Microcontroller AT89S52:-

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes

of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s
highdensity nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the Industry-standard
80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be
reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro- grammar. By
combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip,
the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-
effective solution to many embedded control applications.

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• FEATURES:-

1. 8 KB Reprogrammable flash.

2. 32 Programmable I/O lines.

3. 16 bit Timer/Counter—3.

4. 8 Interrupt sources.

5. Power range: 4V – 5.5V

6. Endurance : 1000 Writes / Erase cycles

7. Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz

8. Three level program memory lock

9. Power off flag

10.Full duplex UART serial channel

11.Low power idle and power down modes

12.Interrupt recovery from power down modes

13.256 KB internal RAM

14. Dual data pointer

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2.TSOP1738 (INFRARED SENSOR)

• Description:-

The TSOP17.. – Series are miniaturized receivers for infrared remote control systems. PIN
diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package is designed as IR
filter. The demodulated output signal can directly be decoded by a microprocessor.
TSOP17... is the standard IR remote control receiver series, supporting all major transmission
codes.

• Features:-

1. Photo detector and preamplifier in one package

2. Internal filter for PCM frequency

3. Improved shielding against electrical field disturbance

4. TTL and CMOS compatibility

5. Output active low

6. Low power consumption

7. High immunity against ambient light

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8. Continuous data transmission possible (up to 2400 bps)

3. 555 (TIMER IC):-

• Description:-

The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or oscillation.
Additional terminals are provided for triggering or resetting if desired. In the time delay
mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by one external resistor and capacitor. For
actable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and duty cycle are accurately
controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit may be triggered and
reset on falling waveforms, and the output circuit can source or sink up to 200mA or drive
TTL circuits

• Features:

1. Direct replacement for SE555/NE555

2. Timing from microseconds through hours

3. Operates in both as table and monostable modes

4. Adjustable duty cycle

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5. Output can source or sink 200 mAOutput and supply TTL compatible

6. Temperature stability better than 0.005% per °C

7. Normally on and normally off output

8. Available in 8-pin MSOP package

• Applications:-

1. Precision timing

2. Pulse generation

3. Sequential timing

4. LTS 542 (7-Segment Display)Description:

The LTS 542 is a 0.52 inch digit height single digit seven-segment display. This device
utilizes Hi-eff. Red LED chips, which are made from GaAsPon Gap substrate, and has a red
face and red segment.

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• Features:

1. Common Anode

2. 0.52 Inch Digit Height

3. Continuous Uniform Segments

4. Low power Requirement

5. Excellent Characters Appearance

5 .LM7805 (Voltage Regulator):-

• Description:-

The KA78XX/KA78XXA series of three-terminal positiveregulator are available in the TO-

220/D-PAK package and with several fixedoutput voltages, making them useful in a wide
range of applications. Each typeemploys internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe
operating areaprotection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is

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provided, they can deliver over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed
voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components toobtain adjustable
voltages and currents.

• Features:-

1. Output Current up to 1A

2. Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V

3. Thermal Overload Protection

4. Short Circuit Protection

• 6 RELAY CIRCUIT:-

A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected to port RB1 of the microcontroller
through a driver transistor. The relay requires 12 volts at a current of around 100ma, which
cannot provide by the microcontroller. So the driver transistor is added. The relay is used to
operate the external solenoid forming part of a locking device or for operating any other
electrical devices. Normally there lay remains off. As soon as pin of the microcontroller goes
high, the relay operates. When the relay operates and releases. Diode D2 is the standard diode
one mechanical relay to prevent back EMF from damaging Q3 when the relay releases.

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CHAPTER-5
FLOW CHART :-

If the sensor 1 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 2, and if it
is interrupted then the microcontroller will increment the count and switch on the relay, if it is
first time interrupted.

 If the sensor 2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 1,
and if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will decrement the count.
 When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that time the relay
will turn off, and light will be turned off.
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CHAPTER-6
FUTURE EXPANSION:-
1. By using this circuit and proper power supply we can implement various applications Such
as fans, tube lights, etc.

2. By modifying this circuit and using two relays we can achieve a task of opening and
closing the door.

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CHAPTER-7

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES & APPLICATION,

Advantages:-

1. Low cost

2. Easy to use

3. Implement in single door

Disadvantages:-

1. It is used only when one single person cuts the rays of the sensor hence it cannot be used
when two person cross simultaneously.

• Application:-

1. For counting purposes

2. For automatic room light control

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Reference Books
1. Programming in ANSI C: E BALAGURUSAMY

2. The 8051microcontroller and embedded systems: MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI

3. JANICE GILLISPIE MAZIDI

4. The 8051 microcontroller: KENNETH J. AYALA

Website

1. www.datasheets4u.com

2. www.8051.com

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